A Grammar of Aicha

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Aicha language (the 94th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Aicha.

Typological Profile

It has not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as a small but genuine set of click consonants and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Aicha has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 33 phonemes.

It has a noticeable presence of pharyngealised phonemes, a small but genuine set of click consonants and a system with marginal but genuine retroflex contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Aicha. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	dental	phar. dental	alveolar	phar. alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	lateral	palatal	retroflex	velar	glottal
stop	b			d t	dˤ tˤ					ɖ ʈ	k ɡ
nasal	m			n	nˤ				ɲ	ɳ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap										ɽ
fricative	f			s	sˤ	ʃ				ʂ		h
approximant	w							ɾ	j
affricate						t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ
implosive	ɓ
click		ᵏǀ	ᵏǀˤ
click, nasal		ᵑǀ	ᵑǀˤ

Vowels

Aicha has 12 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has phonologically distinctive back unrounded vowels and a triangular vowel system with few low vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Aicha. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	central	back unrounded	back rounded
close	i		ɯ	u
mid		ə
open		a

Stress and Tones

Aicha has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /ɯ/.

Writing System

Introduction

Aicha is normally written using the Arabic alphabet, a consonant-centred script whose forms vary according to position in the word. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided to make the pronunciation fully explicit.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

ب /b/	ت /t/	ح /h/	د /d/
ر /ɾ/	س /s/	ش /ʃ/	ص /sˤ/
ض /dˤ/	ط /tˤ/	ف /f/	قۡ /ᵏǀ/
قۡٓ /ᵏǀˤ/	ك /k/	م /m/	ن /n/
نٓ /nˤ/	و /au, w/	ي /ai, j/	ٹ /ʈ/
ڃ /ɲ/	چ /t͡ʃ/	ڇ /t͡ɕ/	ڈ /ɖ/
ړ /ɽ/	ښ /ʂ/	ڭ /ŋ/	گ /ɡ/
ڹ /ɳ/	ݐ /ɓ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

نقۡ /ᵑǀ/

نقۡٓ /ᵑǀˤ/

Diacritics

◌ٓ /a̰, ḭ, ṵ, ə̰, ɯ̰/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Aicha distinguishes singular, dual and plural.

Gender

Aicha has the following genders:

Gender fem – for instance: أ̰بة ‘breast’, أ̰ص ‘sharp’, أ̰ضٓ ‘dirty’, أ̰ڭ ‘fire’, أ̰ڭة ‘dull’, أ̰ڭٓ ‘mouth’, أت ‘smooth’, أرٓ ‘daughter’, أسة ‘far’, أضٓ ‘perfect’, أف ‘dry’, أك ‘green’, أوٓ ‘black’, أڇٓ ‘salt’, أښٓ ‘river’, إ̰دٓ ‘girl’, إ̰كة ‘thick’, إ̰م ‘happy’, إطة ‘nose’, إنٓٓ ‘rain’.

Gender masc – for instance: أ̰تٓ ‘book’, أ̰ضة ‘dialect’, أ̰ضٓ ‘belly’, أ̰ضٓ ‘speech’, أ̰كٓ ‘colour’, أ̰نة ‘feather’, أ̰ڭٓ ‘dust’, أحٓ ‘father’, أشٓ ‘root’, أك ‘sound’, أنٓة ‘slime’, أي ‘anus’, أيٓ ‘time’, أڇ ‘human being’, أړة ‘forest’, أڹٓ ‘wind’, إ̰ڈٓ ‘guts’, إم ‘smoke’, إيٓ ‘hunter’, إچٓ ‘son’.

Gender neut – for instance: أ̰تٓ ‘fat’, أ̰طٓ ‘neck’, أ̰طٓ ‘wheat’, أ̰ڃ ‘meat’, أ̰ڇ ‘cheese’, أ̰ڇة ‘sun’, أ̰ݐٓ ‘top’, أتٓ ‘fog’, أتٓ ‘sea’, أح ‘snake’, أص ‘penis’, أضة ‘mouse’, أية ‘louse’, أچٓ ‘manner’, أړ ‘stone’, أړة ‘bed’, إ̰مة ‘cat’, إ̰مة ‘lion’, إنٓ ‘house’, إڃة ‘mortar’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Aicha can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
    </np>
-      <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for blind/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ə|ŋ|i|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">|au|n|i|</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|ʃ|a|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ɯ̰|m|ṵ|</word>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|d|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|sˤ|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|dˤ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə|ŋ|i|
#-> əŋi
### |ə|ŋ|i|
#-> əŋi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |au|n|i|
#-> auni
### |au|n|i|
#-> auni
### |ʃ|a|
#-> ʃa
### |ʃ|a|
#-> ʃa
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ɯ̰|m|ṵ|
#-> ɯ̰mṵ
### |ɯ̰|m|ṵ|
#-> ɯ̰mṵ
### |d|a|
#-> da
### |d|a|
#-> da
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |u|dˤ|ə|
#-> udˤə
### |u|dˤ|ə|
#-> udˤə
### |sˤ|au|
#-> sˤau
### |sˤ|au|
#-> sˤau
### |dˤ|ə̰|
#-> dˤə̰
### |dˤ|ə̰|
#-> dˤə̰
### |tˤ|ai|
#-> tˤai
### |tˤ|ai|
#-> tˤai
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||sˤ|ə| |ɳ||ə|ŋ|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||au|n|i| |ʃ|a| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||sˤ|ə| |ᵏǀˤ||ɯ̰|m|ṵ| |d|a||t|i| |m||u|dˤ|ə| |sˤ|au| |dˤ|ə̰| |tˤ|ai||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəŋi tˤa̰sṵ ɳauni ʃa tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤɯ̰mṵ dati mudˤə sˤau dˤə̰ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ə|ŋ|i|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">|au|n|i|</word>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|ʃ|a|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ɯ̰|m|ṵ|</word>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|d|a|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|sˤ|au|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|dˤ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;əŋi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;auni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɯ̰mṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;udˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dˤə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəŋi tˤa̰sṵ ɳauni ʃa tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤɯ̰mṵ dati mudˤə sˤau dˤə̰ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓص ڹڭ طٓسٓ ڹون ش طٓسٓص قۡٓٓمٓ دت مض صو ضٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sˤə</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>əŋi</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>auni</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sˤə</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɯ̰mṵ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>da</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ti</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>udˤə</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤau</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dˤə̰</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤai</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəŋi tˤa̰sṵ ɳauni ʃa tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤɯ̰mṵ dati mudˤə sˤau dˤə̰ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəŋi tˤa̰sṵ ɳauni ʃa tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤɯ̰mṵ dati mudˤə sˤau dˤə̰ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 1.

طٓسٓص ڹڭ طٓسٓ ڹون ش طٓسٓص قۡٓٓمٓ دت مض صو ضٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəŋi tˤa̰sṵ ɳauni ʃa tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤɯ̰mṵ dati mudˤə sˤau dˤə̰ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -sˤə
fem ɳ-
NOM əŋi
woman tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM auni
knife ʃa
COMIT tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -sˤə
fem ᵏǀˤ-
GEN ɯ̰mṵ
blind da
yon -ti
plur m-
ACC udˤə
mouse sˤau
three dˤə̰
3.sing.fem.SUBJ tˤai
catch -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Aicha consists of an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising ڹـ /ɳ-/ ‘NOM’, مـ /m-/ ‘ACC’, قۡٓـ /ᵏǀˤ-/ ‘GEN’, نٓـ /nˤ-/ ‘DAT’, ڈـ /ɖ-/ ‘INS’, فـ /f-/ ‘VOC’, ڭـ /ŋ-/ ‘ALL’, ښـ /ʂ-/ ‘LOC’, يـ /j-/ ‘ABL’ and قۡـ /ᵏǀ-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely ـٹة /-ʈa/ ‘little’ and ـڭ /-ŋi/ ‘big’

The Adjective

In Aicha, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising ـٓ /-ḭ/ ‘sing’, ـة /-a/ ‘dual’ and ـٓ /-ṵ/ ‘plur’.

Numerals

The numeral in Aicha stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Aicha, the determiner has the following structure: first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising ـسٓ /-sṵ/ ‘sing’, ـدٓ /-dḭ/ ‘dual’ and ـت /-ti/ ‘plur’; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising ـفٓ /-fə̰/ ‘masc’ and ـصة /-sˤə/ ‘fem’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Aicha stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

initial XML:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
      <noun>tiger</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>be</verb>
      <adj>happy</adj>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <noun>tiger</noun>
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>be</verb>
-      <adj>happy</adj>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for happy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
-  <s connector="because">
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|a|ɲ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|tˤ|a̰|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ɳ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|n|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ɲ|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ḭ|m|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|ɲ|a|
#-> aɲa
### |a|ɲ|a|
#-> aɲa
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|ɯ̰|
#-> tˤɯ̰
### |tˤ|ɯ̰|
#-> tˤɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |ɳ|i|
#-> ɳi
### |ɳ|i|
#-> ɳi
### |n|a|
#-> na
### |n|a|
#-> na
### |ɲ|au|
#-> ɲau
### |ɲ|au|
#-> ɲau
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ḭ|m|u|
#-> ḭmu
### |ḭ|m|u|
#-> ḭmu
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |m||a|ɲ|a| |tˤ|a̰| |tˤ|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |ɳ|i| |n|a| |ɲ|au||ɾ|ə̰| |ɳ||ḭ|m|u| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵ maɲa tˤa̰ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi ɳi na ɲauɾə̰ ɳḭmu bi

removetags:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|a|ɲ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|tˤ|a̰|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ɳ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|n|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ɲ|au|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ḭ|m|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aɲa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.plur.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;because&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1incl.plur.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;happy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵ maɲa tˤa̰ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi ɳi na ɲauɾə̰ ɳḭmu bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓ مڃ طٓ طٓرٓ ڈ ب ڹ ن ڃورٓ ڹٓم ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aɲa</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>1excl.plur.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤɯ̰</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳi</o>
+      <g>because</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>na</o>
+      <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲau</o>
+      <g>be</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭmu</o>
+      <g>happy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵ maɲa tˤa̰ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi ɳi na ɲauɾə̰ ɳḭmu bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵ maɲa tˤa̰ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi ɳi na ɲauɾə̰ ɳḭmu bi

Hide workings for example 2.

طٓسٓ مڃ طٓ طٓرٓ ڈ ب ڹ ن ڃورٓ ڹٓم ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵ maɲa tˤa̰ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi ɳi na ɲauɾə̰ ɳḭmu bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing m-
ACC aɲa
tiger tˤa̰
1excl.plur.SUBJ tˤɯ̰
kill -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative ɳi
because na
1incl.plur.SUBJ ɲau
be -ɾə̰
active ɳ-
NOM ḭmu
happy bi
indicative

“Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.”

(2)

Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|nˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|n|ə|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |n|ə|
#-> nə
### |n|ə|
#-> nə
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |nˤ|ai| |n|ə||ɾ|ə̰| |b|i|
#-> nˤai nəɾə̰ bi

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|nˤ|ai|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|n|ə|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nˤai nəɾə̰ bi</p>
+  <p>نٓي نرٓ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˤai</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nˤai nəɾə̰ bi
#-> nˤai nəɾə̰ bi

Hide workings for example 3.

نٓي نرٓ ب۔

[nˤai nəɾə̰ bi]

nˤai
3.sing.fem nə
love -ɾə̰
active bi
indicative

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(3)

But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|n|ɯ|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|nˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|n|ə|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɯ|
#-> nɯ
### |n|ɯ|
#-> nɯ
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |n|ə|
#-> nə
### |n|ə|
#-> nə
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |n|ɯ| |nˤ|ai| |n|ə||ɾ|ə̰| |b|i|
#-> nɯ nˤai nəɾə̰ bi

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|n|ɯ|</word>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|nˤ|ai|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|n|ə|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɯ nˤai nəɾə̰ bi</p>
+  <p>ن نٓي نرٓ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɯ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˤai</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɯ nˤai nəɾə̰ bi
#-> nɯ nˤai nəɾə̰ bi

Hide workings for example 4.

ن نٓي نرٓ ب۔

[nɯ nˤai nəɾə̰ bi]

nɯ
3.sing.masc nˤai
3.sing.fem nə
love -ɾə̰
active bi
indicative

“He loves her.”

(4)

And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|nˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|n|ə|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|nˤ|ai|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|n|ə|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nˤai nəɾə̰ bi</p>
+  <p>نٓي نرٓ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˤai</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nˤai nəɾə̰ bi
#-> nˤai nəɾə̰ bi

Hide workings for example 5.

نٓي نرٓ ب۔

[nˤai nəɾə̰ bi]

nˤai
3.sing.fem nə
love -ɾə̰
active bi
indicative

“He loves her.”

(5)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Anga hates Itu.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Anga" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ə̰|ŋ|a|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Itu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|i|ʈ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|ɡ|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə̰|ŋ|a|
#-> ə̰ŋa
### |ə̰|ŋ|a|
#-> ə̰ŋa
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|ʈ|ṵ|
#-> iʈṵ
### |i|ʈ|ṵ|
#-> iʈṵ
### |ɡ|ɯ̰|
#-> ɡɯ̰
### |ɡ|ɯ̰|
#-> ɡɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ɳ||ə̰|ŋ|a| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||sˤ|ə| |m||i|ʈ|ṵ| |ɡ|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰ŋa tˤa̰sṵsˤə miʈṵ ɡɯ̰ɾə̰ bi

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Anga hates Itu.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="Anga" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ə̰|ŋ|a|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="Itu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|i|ʈ|ṵ|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|ɡ|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ə̰ŋa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Anga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;iʈṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Itu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰ŋa tˤa̰sṵsˤə miʈṵ ɡɯ̰ɾə̰ bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓفٓ ڹٓڭ طٓسٓص مٹٓ گٓرٓ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ə̰ŋa</o>
+      <g>Anga</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sˤə</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>iʈṵ</o>
+      <g>Itu</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡɯ̰</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰ŋa tˤa̰sṵsˤə miʈṵ ɡɯ̰ɾə̰ bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰ŋa tˤa̰sṵsˤə miʈṵ ɡɯ̰ɾə̰ bi

Hide workings for example 6.

طٓسٓفٓ ڹٓڭ طٓسٓص مٹٓ گٓرٓ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰ŋa tˤa̰sṵsˤə miʈṵ ɡɯ̰ɾə̰ bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ɳ-
NOM ə̰ŋa
Anga tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -sˤə
fem m-
ACC iʈṵ
Itu ɡɯ̰
hate -ɾə̰
active bi
indicative

“Anga hates Itu.”

(6)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ṵ|m|u|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|ai|s|a|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ṵ|m|u|
#-> ṵmu
### |ṵ|m|u|
#-> ṵmu
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ᵏǀˤ||ṵ|m|u| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ai|s|a|
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤṵmu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ṵ|m|u|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|ai|s|a|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ṵmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aisa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤṵmu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓٓم طٓسٓ ڹيسة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ṵmu</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aisa</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤṵmu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤṵmu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa

Hide workings for example 7.

طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓٓم طٓسٓ ڹيسة

[tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤṵmu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ᵏǀˤ-
GEN ṵmu
boy tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM aisa
apple

“the boy’s apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|n|ɯ|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|ai|s|a|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɯ|
#-> nɯ
### |n|ɯ|
#-> nɯ
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |n|ɯ| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ai|s|a|
#-> nɯ tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|n|ɯ|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|ai|s|a|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aisa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɯ tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa</p>
+  <p>ن طٓسٓ ڹيسة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɯ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aisa</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɯ tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa
#-> nɯ tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa

Hide workings for example 8.

ن طٓسٓ ڹيسة

[nɯ tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa]

nɯ
3.sing.masc tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM aisa
apple

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(8)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|h|u|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|ai|s|a|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |h|u| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ai|s|a|
#-> hu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|h|u|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|ai|s|a|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aisa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>hu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa</p>
+  <p>ح طٓسٓ ڹيسة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aisa</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### hu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa
#-> hu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa

Hide workings for example 9.

ح طٓسٓ ڹيسة

[hu tˤa̰sṵ ɳaisa]

hu
1excl.sing tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM aisa
apple

“my apple”

(9)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="masc">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="masc">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="masc">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|ə|ɾ|ṵ|</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀ|ṵ|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ɯ|k|a̰|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|dˤ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|d|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə|ɾ|ṵ|
#-> əɾṵ
### |ə|ɾ|ṵ|
#-> əɾṵ
### |ᵏǀ|ṵ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ
### |ᵏǀ|ṵ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ɯ|k|a̰|
#-> ɯka̰
### |ɯ|k|a̰|
#-> ɯka̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|
#-> it͡ʃḭ
### |i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|
#-> it͡ʃḭ
### |dˤ|ə̰|
#-> dˤə̰
### |dˤ|ə̰|
#-> dˤə̰
### |d|ɯ|
#-> dɯ
### |d|ɯ|
#-> dɯ
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ᵏǀˤ||i|j|a̰| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||sˤ|ə| |ɳ||ə|ɾ|ṵ| |ᵏǀ|ṵ| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ᵏǀˤ||ɯ|k|a̰| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |m||i|t͡ʃ|ḭ| |dˤ|ə̰| |d|ɯ||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəɾṵ ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤɯka̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mit͡ʃḭ dˤə̰ dɯɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|ə|ɾ|ṵ|</word>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀ|ṵ|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ɯ|k|a̰|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|dˤ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|d|ɯ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ija̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;əɾṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɯka̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;it͡ʃḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dˤə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəɾṵ ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤɯka̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mit͡ʃḭ dˤə̰ dɯɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓيٓ طٓسٓص ڹرٓ قۡٓ طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓكٓ طٓسٓفٓ مچٓ ضٓ درٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ija̰</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sˤə</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>əɾṵ</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀṵ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɯka̰</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>it͡ʃḭ</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dˤə̰</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dɯ</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəɾṵ ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤɯka̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mit͡ʃḭ dˤə̰ dɯɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəɾṵ ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤɯka̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mit͡ʃḭ dˤə̰ dɯɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 10.

طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓيٓ طٓسٓص ڹرٓ قۡٓ طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓكٓ طٓسٓفٓ مچٓ ضٓ درٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ɳəɾṵ ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤɯka̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mit͡ʃḭ dˤə̰ dɯɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ᵏǀˤ-
GEN ija̰
hunter tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -sˤə
fem ɳ-
NOM əɾṵ
daughter ᵏǀṵ
2.sing tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ᵏǀˤ-
GEN ɯka̰
neighbour tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc m-
ACC it͡ʃḭ
son dˤə̰
3.sing.fem.SUBJ dɯ
kiss -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(10)

Derivation

Aicha has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ḭ|h|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ḭ|h|i|
#-> ḭhi
### |ḭ|h|i|
#-> ḭhi
### |ɳ||ḭ|h|i|
#-> ɳḭhi

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ḭ|h|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɳḭhi</p>
+  <p>ڹٓح</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭhi</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ɳḭhi
#-> ɳḭhi

Hide workings for example 11.

ڹٓح

[ɳḭhi]

ɳ-
NOM ḭhi
lamb

“a lamb”

(11)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ḭ|h|i|</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||ʈ||a|||||</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ḭ|h|i|
#-> ḭhi
### |ḭ|h|i|
#-> ḭhi
### -|||ʈ||a|||||
#-> -ʈa
### -|||ʈ||a|||||
#-> -ʈa
### |ɳ||ḭ|h|i||||ʈ||a|||||
#-> ɳḭhiʈa

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ḭ|h|i|</word>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||ʈ||a|||||</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʈa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɳḭhiʈa</p>
+  <p>ڹٓحٹة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭhi</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʈa</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ɳḭhiʈa
#-> ɳḭhiʈa

Hide workings for example 12.

ڹٓحٹة

[ɳḭhiʈa]

ɳ-
NOM ḭhi
lamb -ʈa
little

“a little lamb”

(12)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Aicha fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing subj, comprising كة /kə/ ‘1incl.sing’, تٓ /tṵ/ ‘1excl.sing’, حٓ /hə̰/ ‘2.sing’, ضٓ /dˤə̰/ ‘3.sing.fem’, وٓ /wḭ/ ‘3.sing.neut’, ښة /ʂə/ ‘1incl.dual’, بٓ /bə̰/ ‘1excl.dual’, چٓ /t͡ʃa̰/ ‘2.dual’, ضٓ /dˤṵ/ ‘3.dual.masc’, كة /ka/ ‘3.dual.fem’, وة /wa/ ‘3.dual.neut’, نة /na/ ‘1incl.plur’, طٓ /tˤa̰/ ‘1excl.plur’, قۡٓٓ /ᵏǀˤa̰/ ‘2.plur’, ضٓ /dˤḭ/ ‘3.plur.masc’, ښة /ʂa/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and رة /ɾə/ ‘3.plur.neut’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising ڈة /ɖə/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing mode, comprising ب /bi/ ‘indicative’, رٓ /ɾə̰/ ‘conditional’ and فة /fə/ ‘optative’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising دة /da/ ‘NEG’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing voice, comprising ـرٓ /-ɾə̰/ ‘active’ and ـرٓ /-ɾṵ/ ‘passive’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely ـد /-du/ ‘begin’ and ـت /-ti/ ‘stop’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ᵏǀ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|n|ə|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ᵏǀ|ṵ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ
### |ᵏǀ|ṵ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |n|ə|
#-> nə
### |n|ə|
#-> nə
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |ᵏǀ|ṵ| |t|ṵ| |n|ə||ɾ|ə̰| |b|i|
#-> ᵏǀṵ tṵ nəɾə̰ bi

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ᵏǀ|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|n|ə|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ᵏǀṵ tṵ nəɾə̰ bi</p>
+  <p>قۡٓ تٓ نرٓ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀṵ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tṵ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ᵏǀṵ tṵ nəɾə̰ bi
#-> ᵏǀṵ tṵ nəɾə̰ bi

Hide workings for example 13.

قۡٓ تٓ نرٓ ب۔

[ᵏǀṵ tṵ nəɾə̰ bi]

ᵏǀṵ
2.sing tṵ
1excl.sing.SUBJ nə
love -ɾə̰
active bi
indicative

“I love you.”

(13)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ə|f|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">|ai|d|a|</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|f|ɯ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə|f|ṵ|
#-> əfṵ
### |ə|f|ṵ|
#-> əfṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ai|d|a|
#-> aida
### |ai|d|a|
#-> aida
### |f|ɯ|
#-> fɯ
### |f|ɯ|
#-> fɯ
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ə|f|ṵ| |ɳ||ai|d|a| |f|ɯ|
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳəfṵ ɳaida fɯ

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ə|f|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">|ai|d|a|</word>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|f|ɯ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;əfṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵ ɳəfṵ ɳaida fɯ</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓ ڹفٓ ڹيد ف</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>əfṵ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aida</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fɯ</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵ ɳəfṵ ɳaida fɯ
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳəfṵ ɳaida fɯ

Hide workings for example 14.

طٓسٓ ڹفٓ ڹيد ف

[tˤa̰sṵ ɳəfṵ ɳaida fɯ]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM əfṵ
table ɳ-
NOM aida
surface fɯ
in

“on the table”

(14)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ə|nˤ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">|ə̰|k|ḭ|</word>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|j|ai|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə|nˤ|i|
#-> ənˤi
### |ə|nˤ|i|
#-> ənˤi
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə̰|k|ḭ|
#-> ə̰kḭ
### |ə̰|k|ḭ|
#-> ə̰kḭ
### |j|ai|
#-> jai
### |j|ai|
#-> jai
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ə|nˤ|i| |ɳ||ə̰|k|ḭ| |j|ai|
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳənˤi ɳə̰kḭ jai

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ə|nˤ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">|ə̰|k|ḭ|</word>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|j|ai|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ənˤi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ə̰kḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵ ɳənˤi ɳə̰kḭ jai</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓ ڹنٓ ڹٓكٓ يي</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ənˤi</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ə̰kḭ</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jai</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵ ɳənˤi ɳə̰kḭ jai
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳənˤi ɳə̰kḭ jai

Hide workings for example 15.

طٓسٓ ڹنٓ ڹٓكٓ يي

[tˤa̰sṵ ɳənˤi ɳə̰kḭ jai]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM ənˤi
box ɳ-
NOM ə̰kḭ
inside jai
to

“into the box”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module markowner: No change.

module addgender: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes: No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number">|h|u|</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|ʃ|a|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |ʃ|a|
#-> ʃa
### |ʃ|a|
#-> ʃa
### |h|u| |ʃ|a|
#-> hu ʃa

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number">|h|u|</word>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|ʃ|a|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>hu ʃa</p>
+  <p>ح شة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### hu ʃa
#-> hu ʃa

Hide workings for example 16.

ح شة

[hu ʃa]

hu
1excl.sing ʃa
COMIT

“with me”

(16)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Aicha has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Aicha.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ṵ|f|ṵ|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">|tˤ|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ṵ|f|ṵ|
#-> ṵfṵ
### |ṵ|f|ṵ|
#-> ṵfṵ
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |tˤ|ɯ̰|
#-> tˤɯ̰
### |tˤ|ɯ̰|
#-> tˤɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ṵ|f|ṵ| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |m||i|j|a̰| |w|ḭ| |tˤ|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳṵfṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mija̰ wḭ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ṵ|f|ṵ|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">|tˤ|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ṵfṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ija̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵ ɳṵfṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mija̰ wḭ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓ ڹٓفٓ طٓسٓفٓ ميٓ وٓ طٓرٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ṵfṵ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ija̰</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤɯ̰</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵ ɳṵfṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mija̰ wḭ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳṵfṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mija̰ wḭ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 17.

طٓسٓ ڹٓفٓ طٓسٓفٓ ميٓ وٓ طٓرٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵ ɳṵfṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ mija̰ wḭ tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM ṵfṵ
jaguar tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc m-
ACC ija̰
hunter wḭ
3.sing.neut.SUBJ tˤɯ̰
kill -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(17)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|a|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ə|ɾ|ṵ|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|ḭ|nˤ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">|b|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ḭ|m|a|
#-> ḭma
### |ḭ|m|a|
#-> ḭma
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ə|ɾ|ṵ|
#-> əɾṵ
### |ə|ɾ|ṵ|
#-> əɾṵ
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ḭ|nˤ|ṵ|
#-> ḭnˤṵ
### |ḭ|nˤ|ṵ|
#-> ḭnˤṵ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |b|ɯ̰|
#-> bɯ̰
### |b|ɯ̰|
#-> bɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ḭ|m|a| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ᵏǀˤ||i|j|a̰| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||sˤ|ə| |ᵏǀˤ||ə|ɾ|ṵ| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |m||ḭ|nˤ|ṵ| |w|ḭ| |b|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭma tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤəɾṵ tˤa̰sṵ mḭnˤṵ wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|a|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ə|ɾ|ṵ|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|ḭ|nˤ|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">|b|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ija̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;əɾṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭnˤṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭma tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤəɾṵ tˤa̰sṵ mḭnˤṵ wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓ ڹٓم طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓيٓ طٓسٓص قۡٓرٓ طٓسٓ مٓنٓٓ وٓ بٓرٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭma</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ija̰</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sˤə</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>əɾṵ</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭnˤṵ</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bɯ̰</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭma tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤəɾṵ tˤa̰sṵ mḭnˤṵ wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭma tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤəɾṵ tˤa̰sṵ mḭnˤṵ wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 18.

طٓسٓ ڹٓم طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓيٓ طٓسٓص قۡٓرٓ طٓسٓ مٓنٓٓ وٓ بٓرٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭma tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤija̰ tˤa̰sṵsˤə ᵏǀˤəɾṵ tˤa̰sṵ mḭnˤṵ wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM ḭma
lion tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ᵏǀˤ-
GEN ija̰
hunter tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -sˤə
fem ᵏǀˤ-
GEN əɾṵ
daughter tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing m-
ACC ḭnˤṵ
dog wḭ
3.sing.neut.SUBJ bɯ̰
eat -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(18)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Aicha reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Aicha expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀ|ṵ|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ḭ|j|a̰|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|ə̰|t|ḭ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ᵏǀ|ṵ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ
### |ᵏǀ|ṵ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|
#-> it͡ʃḭ
### |i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|
#-> it͡ʃḭ
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ᵏǀˤ|-
#-> ᵏǀˤ-
### |ḭ|j|a̰|
#-> ḭja̰
### |ḭ|j|a̰|
#-> ḭja̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ə̰|t|ḭ|
#-> ə̰tḭ
### |ə̰|t|ḭ|
#-> ə̰tḭ
### |ᵏǀ|ṵ| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ᵏǀˤ||i|t͡ʃ|ḭ| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ᵏǀˤ||ḭ|j|a̰| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ɳ||ə̰|t|ḭ|
#-> ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤit͡ʃḭ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤḭja̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰tḭ

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀ|ṵ|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|i|t͡ʃ|ḭ|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|ᵏǀˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ḭ|j|a̰|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|ə̰|t|ḭ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;it͡ʃḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭja̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ə̰tḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤit͡ʃḭ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤḭja̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰tḭ</p>
+  <p>قۡٓ طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓچٓ طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓٓيٓ طٓسٓفٓ ڹٓتٓ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀṵ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>it͡ʃḭ</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀˤ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭja̰</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ə̰tḭ</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤit͡ʃḭ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤḭja̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰tḭ
#-> ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤit͡ʃḭ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤḭja̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰tḭ

Hide workings for example 19.

قۡٓ طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓچٓ طٓسٓفٓ قۡٓٓيٓ طٓسٓفٓ ڹٓتٓ

[ᵏǀṵ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤit͡ʃḭ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ᵏǀˤḭja̰ tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳə̰tḭ]

ᵏǀṵ
2.sing tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ᵏǀˤ-
GEN it͡ʃḭ
son tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ᵏǀˤ-
GEN ḭja̰
friend tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ɳ-
NOM ə̰tḭ
book

“your son’s friend’s book”

(19)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ṵ|f|ṵ|</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|a|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|a|ɲ|a|</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|a|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ḭ|m|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">|tˤ|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |i|j|a̰|
#-> ija̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ṵ|f|ṵ|
#-> ṵfṵ
### |ṵ|f|ṵ|
#-> ṵfṵ
### |k|a|
#-> ka
### |k|a|
#-> ka
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|ɲ|a|
#-> aɲa
### |a|ɲ|a|
#-> aɲa
### |k|a|
#-> ka
### |k|a|
#-> ka
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### -|t|i|
#-> -ti
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ḭ|m|a|
#-> ḭma
### |ḭ|m|a|
#-> ḭma
### |tˤ|ɯ̰|
#-> tˤɯ̰
### |tˤ|ɯ̰|
#-> tˤɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ɳ||i|j|a̰| |tˤ|a̰||t|i| |m||ṵ|f|ṵ| |k|a| |tˤ|a̰||t|i| |m||a|ɲ|a| |k|a| |tˤ|a̰||t|i| |m||ḭ|m|a| |tˤ|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳija̰ tˤa̰ti mṵfṵ ka tˤa̰ti maɲa ka tˤa̰ti mḭma tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|i|j|a̰|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ṵ|f|ṵ|</word>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|a|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|a|ɲ|a|</word>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|a|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ḭ|m|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">|tˤ|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ija̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ṵfṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aɲa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳija̰ tˤa̰ti mṵfṵ ka tˤa̰ti maɲa ka tˤa̰ti mḭma tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓفٓ ڹيٓ طٓت مٓفٓ ك طٓت مڃ ك طٓت مٓم طٓرٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ija̰</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ti</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ṵfṵ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ka</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ti</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aɲa</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ka</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ti</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭma</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤɯ̰</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳija̰ tˤa̰ti mṵfṵ ka tˤa̰ti maɲa ka tˤa̰ti mḭma tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳija̰ tˤa̰ti mṵfṵ ka tˤa̰ti maɲa ka tˤa̰ti mḭma tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 20.

طٓسٓفٓ ڹيٓ طٓت مٓفٓ ك طٓت مڃ ك طٓت مٓم طٓرٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳija̰ tˤa̰ti mṵfṵ ka tˤa̰ti maɲa ka tˤa̰ti mḭma tˤɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ɳ-
NOM ija̰
hunter tˤa̰
the -ti
plur m-
ACC ṵfṵ
jaguar ka
and tˤa̰
the -ti
plur m-
ACC aɲa
tiger ka
and tˤa̰
the -ti
plur m-
ACC ḭma
lion tˤɯ̰
kill -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(20)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Aicha provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Aicha forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ḭ|m|ə|
#-> ḭmə
### |ḭ|m|ə|
#-> ḭmə
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t͡ɕ|ṵ|
#-> t͡ɕṵ
### |t͡ɕ|ṵ|
#-> t͡ɕṵ
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |m||ḭ|m|ə| |t|ṵ| |t͡ɕ|ṵ||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵ mḭmə tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭmə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵ mḭmə tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓ مٓم تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭmə</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tṵ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕṵ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵ mḭmə tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵ mḭmə tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 21.

طٓسٓ مٓم تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵ mḭmə tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing m-
ACC ḭmə
cat tṵ
1excl.sing.SUBJ t͡ɕṵ
pat -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“I patted the cat.”

(21)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭmə,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;udˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mudˤə</p>
+  <p>تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓم, ص وٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ مضة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tṵ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕṵ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭmə,</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤa</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤai</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>udˤə</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mudˤə
#-> tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mudˤə

Hide workings for example 22.

تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓم، ص وٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ مضة۔

[tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mudˤə]

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(22)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

addaffixes:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+            <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+            <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+            <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+              <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+              <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+              <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|b|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t͡ɕ|ṵ|
#-> t͡ɕṵ
### |t͡ɕ|ṵ|
#-> t͡ɕṵ
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ḭ|m|ə|,
#-> ḭmə,
### |ḭ|m|ə|,
#-> ḭmə,
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |tˤ|ai|
#-> tˤai
### |tˤ|ai|
#-> tˤai
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |u|dˤ|ə|,
#-> udˤə,
### |u|dˤ|ə|,
#-> udˤə,
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |b|ɯ̰|
#-> bɯ̰
### |b|ɯ̰|
#-> bɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|
#-> ɯ̰t͡ɕu
### |ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|
#-> ɯ̰t͡ɕu
### |t|ṵ| |t͡ɕ|ṵ||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ḭ|m|ə|, |sˤ|a| |w|ḭ| |tˤ|ai||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||u|dˤ|ə|, |sˤ|a| |w|ḭ| |b|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |m||ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|
#-> tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mɯ̰t͡ɕu

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|dˤ|ə|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|b|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭmə,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;udˤə,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɯ̰t͡ɕu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mɯ̰t͡ɕu</p>
+  <p>تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓم, ص وٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹض, ص وٓ بٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ مٓڇ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tṵ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕṵ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭmə,</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤa</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤai</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>udˤə,</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤa</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bɯ̰</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɯ̰t͡ɕu</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mɯ̰t͡ɕu
#-> tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mɯ̰t͡ɕu

Hide workings for example 23.

تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓم، ص وٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹض، ص وٓ بٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ مٓڇ۔

[tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ mɯ̰t͡ɕu]

tṵ
1excl.sing.SUBJ t͡ɕṵ
pat -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM ḭmə,
cat sˤa
RELPRON wḭ
3.sing.neut.SUBJ tˤai
catch -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing ɳ-
NOM udˤə,
mouse sˤa
RELPRON wḭ
3.sing.neut.SUBJ bɯ̰
eat -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing m-
ACC ɯ̰t͡ɕu
cheese

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(23)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
-                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+            <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+            <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+            <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
+              <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
+                <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+                <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+                <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|ɯ̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|j|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|h|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t͡ɕ|ṵ|
#-> t͡ɕṵ
### |t͡ɕ|ṵ|
#-> t͡ɕṵ
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ḭ|m|ə|,
#-> ḭmə,
### |ḭ|m|ə|,
#-> ḭmə,
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |tˤ|ai|
#-> tˤai
### |tˤ|ai|
#-> tˤai
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |u|dˤ|ə|,
#-> udˤə,
### |u|dˤ|ə|,
#-> udˤə,
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |w|ḭ|
#-> wḭ
### |b|ɯ̰|
#-> bɯ̰
### |b|ɯ̰|
#-> bɯ̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|,
#-> ɯ̰t͡ɕu,
### |ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|,
#-> ɯ̰t͡ɕu,
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |sˤ|a|
#-> sˤa
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |t|ṵ|
#-> tṵ
### |j|au|
#-> jau
### |j|au|
#-> jau
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |t|ṵ| |t͡ɕ|ṵ||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ḭ|m|ə|, |sˤ|a| |w|ḭ| |tˤ|ai||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||u|dˤ|ə|, |sˤ|a| |w|ḭ| |b|ɯ̰||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ| |ɳ||ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|, |sˤ|a| |t|ṵ| |j|au||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |h|u|
#-> tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳɯ̰t͡ɕu, sˤa tṵ jauɾə̰ ɖə bi hu

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|t͡ɕ|ṵ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ḭ|m|ə|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|tˤ|ai|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|dˤ|ə|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|dˤ|ə|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">|w|ḭ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|ɯ̰|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɯ̰|t͡ɕ|u|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">|sˤ|a|</word>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|t|ṵ|</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|j|au|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|h|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭmə,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;udˤə,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wḭ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bɯ̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɯ̰t͡ɕu,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳɯ̰t͡ɕu, sˤa tṵ jauɾə̰ ɖə bi hu</p>
+  <p>تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓم, ص وٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹض, ص وٓ بٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓڇ, ص تٓ يورٓ ڈ ب ح</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tṵ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕṵ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭmə,</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤa</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤai</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>udˤə,</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤa</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wḭ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bɯ̰</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɯ̰t͡ɕu,</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤa</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tṵ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jau</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳɯ̰t͡ɕu, sˤa tṵ jauɾə̰ ɖə bi hu
#-> tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳɯ̰t͡ɕu, sˤa tṵ jauɾə̰ ɖə bi hu

Hide workings for example 24.

تٓ ڇٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓم، ص وٓ طيرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹض، ص وٓ بٓرٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓ ڹٓڇ، ص تٓ يورٓ ڈ ب ح۔

[tṵ t͡ɕṵɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳḭmə, sˤa wḭ tˤaiɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳudˤə, sˤa wḭ bɯ̰ɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵ ɳɯ̰t͡ɕu, sˤa tṵ jauɾə̰ ɖə bi hu]

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(24)

Complementation Strategies

Aicha forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun: No change.

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner">
          <subs>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner">
+        <np role="owner" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" case="GEN">
+        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <subs>
          <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          </np>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          </vp>
        </subs>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active

addaffixes:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|ṵ|m|u|</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|nˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ḭ|d|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ai|s|a|</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|d|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|nˤ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">|au|nˤ|ə|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">|sˤ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ɳ|-
#-> ɳ-
### |ṵ|m|u|
#-> ṵmu
### |ṵ|m|u|
#-> ṵmu
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### -|sˤ|ə|
#-> -sˤə
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |ḭ|d|a̰|
#-> ḭda̰
### |ḭ|d|a̰|
#-> ḭda̰
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |ai|s|a|
#-> aisa
### |d|u|
#-> du
### |d|u|
#-> du
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### |tˤ|a̰|
#-> tˤa̰
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|s|ṵ|
#-> -sṵ
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### -|f|ə̰|
#-> -fə̰
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |au|nˤ|ə|
#-> aunˤə
### |au|nˤ|ə|
#-> aunˤə
### |sˤ|i|
#-> sˤi
### |sˤ|i|
#-> sˤi
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### -|ɾ|ə̰|
#-> -ɾə̰
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |ɖ|ə|
#-> ɖə
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |b|i|
#-> bi
### |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |ɳ||ṵ|m|u| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||sˤ|ə| |nˤ||ḭ|d|a̰| |m||ai|s|a| |d|u||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i| |tˤ|a̰||s|ṵ||f|ə̰| |nˤ||au|nˤ|ə| |sˤ|i||ɾ|ə̰| |ɖ|ə| |b|i|
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳṵmu tˤa̰sṵsˤə nˤḭda̰ maisa duɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵfə̰ nˤaunˤə sˤiɾə̰ ɖə bi

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɳ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|ṵ|m|u|</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|sˤ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|nˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ḭ|d|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|m|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ai|s|a|</word>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|d|u|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">|tˤ|a̰|</word>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|s|ṵ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|f|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|nˤ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="masc">|au|nˤ|ə|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.masc">|sˤ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɾ|ə̰|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɖ|ə|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|b|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ṵmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ḭda̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aisa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;du&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˤa̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sṵ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˤ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aunˤə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾə̰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳṵmu tˤa̰sṵsˤə nˤḭda̰ maisa duɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵfə̰ nˤaunˤə sˤiɾə̰ ɖə bi</p>
+  <p>طٓسٓفٓ ڹٓم طٓسٓص نٓٓدٓ ميس درٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓفٓ نٓونٓ صرٓ ڈ ب</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳ-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ṵmu</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sˤə</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˤ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ḭda̰</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aisa</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>du</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˤa̰</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sṵ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fə̰</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˤ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aunˤə</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤi</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾə̰</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖə</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bi</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳṵmu tˤa̰sṵsˤə nˤḭda̰ maisa duɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵfə̰ nˤaunˤə sˤiɾə̰ ɖə bi
#-> tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳṵmu tˤa̰sṵsˤə nˤḭda̰ maisa duɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵfə̰ nˤaunˤə sˤiɾə̰ ɖə bi

Hide workings for example 25.

طٓسٓفٓ ڹٓم طٓسٓص نٓٓدٓ ميس درٓ ڈ ب طٓسٓفٓ نٓونٓ صرٓ ڈ ب۔

[tˤa̰sṵfə̰ ɳṵmu tˤa̰sṵsˤə nˤḭda̰ maisa duɾə̰ ɖə bi tˤa̰sṵfə̰ nˤaunˤə sˤiɾə̰ ɖə bi]

tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc ɳ-
NOM ṵmu
boy tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -sˤə
fem nˤ-
DAT ḭda̰
girl m-
ACC aisa
apple du
give -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative tˤa̰
the -sṵ
sing -fə̰
masc nˤ-
DAT aunˤə
teacher sˤi
surprise -ɾə̰
active ɖə
PAST bi
indicative

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(25)

Quotes

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Miscellaneous

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Aicha / Aicha–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/30ZVF

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

How to cite this grammar:

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Aicha. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 28 April 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/30ZVF

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-30ZVF,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Aicha}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/30ZVF}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 28 April 2026}
}

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