A Grammar of Tulu

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Tulu language (the 101st one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Tulu.

Typological Profile

It has a rich system of noun classes, the VSO basic order, common globally but unusual in many families and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Tulu has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 32 phonemes.

It has an extensive and fully contrastive palatal series, a notable dental–alveolar contrast across several manners, a strongly reduced sibilant system and a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Tulu. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	vel. labial	pal. labial	vel. dental	pal. dental	vel. alveolar	pal. alveolar	postalveolar	vel. lateral	pal. lateral	palatal	vel. velar	pal. velar	glottal
stop	pˠ	pʲ			tˠ	tʲ					kˠ	kʲ
nasal	mˠ	mʲ			nˠ	nʲ					ŋˠ	ŋʲ
trill/tap/flap					rˠ	rʲ
fricative	fˠ	fʲ	θˠ	θʲ	sˠ	sʲ					xˠ	xʲ	h
approximant	ʋˠ	ʋʲ						lˠ	lʲ	j
affricate					t͡sˠ	t͡sʲ	t͡ʃ

Vowels

Tulu has 9 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has phonologically distinctive back unrounded vowels and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Tulu. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	central	back unrounded	back rounded
close	i		ɯ	u
mid	e		ɤ	o
open		a

Stress and Tones

Tulu has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Tulu is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/	e /e/	h /h/	i /i/
j /j/	o /o/	u /u/	ơ /ɤ/
ư /ɯ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

ai /ai/	au /au/	dj /t͡ʃ/
fʲ /fʲ/	fˠ /fˠ/	kʲ /kʲ/
kˠ /kˠ/	lʲ /lʲ/	lˠ /lˠ/
mʲ /mʲ/	mˠ /mˠ/	nʲ /nʲ/
nˠ /nˠ/	pʲ /pʲ/	pˠ /pˠ/
rʲ /rʲ/	rˠ /rˠ/	sʲ /sʲ/
sˠ /sˠ/	tʲ /tʲ/	tˠ /tˠ/
t͡sʲ /t͡sʲ/	t͡sˠ /t͡sˠ/	xʲ /xʲ/
xˠ /xˠ/	ŋʲ /ŋʲ/	ŋˠ /ŋˠ/
ʋʲ /ʋʲ/	ʋˠ /ʋˠ/	θʲ /θʲ/
θˠ /θˠ/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Tulu does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Tulu has the following noun classes:

Class cl.1 – for instance: fˠasʲi ‘surface’, fˠưxˠu ‘rope’, heŋʲư ‘stick’, joxˠu ‘farmer’, mʲaulˠi ‘house’, mʲưlˠa ‘teacher’, nˠoha ‘road’, rˠilʲi ‘north’, sˠơlʲa ‘binoculars’, tˠopˠa ‘tower’, t͡sʲơnˠa ‘net’, ŋʲepˠu ‘hunter’, ŋˠulˠi ‘umbrella’, ŋˠumˠư ‘book’, ʋʲafˠi ‘machine’, ʋˠamʲi ‘top’, ʋˠasˠu ‘west’, ʋˠinˠư ‘knife’, θʲơnʲa ‘east’, θˠut͡sʲư ‘brick’.

Class cl.2 – for instance: djaŋʲư ‘idea’, djiju ‘bosom’, jaulʲi ‘liver’, jơŋʲa ‘mouth’, kˠanʲu ‘face’, lʲifˠa ‘fat’, lˠofˠu ‘fingernail’, mʲot͡sˠư ‘eye’, nʲasʲa ‘colour’, pˠot͡sʲư ‘leg’, rˠeθʲa ‘tongue’, sʲưxʲu ‘foot’, tʲirˠư ‘bone’, tˠikˠi ‘land’, xʲasˠi ‘ear’, xʲiθʲa ‘back’, ŋˠauθˠi ‘belly’, ʋʲit͡sʲi ‘heart’, θʲaʋʲa ‘breast’, θʲomˠi ‘wing’.

Class cl.3 – for instance: fʲaxˠi ‘wife’, fʲaŋʲu ‘mountain’, fʲuŋʲi ‘mother’, hưlʲi ‘human being’, kʲetˠa ‘son’, mʲơtʲi ‘friend’, mˠưdja ‘neighbour’, nʲuŋˠi ‘people’, pˠaxˠa ‘boy’, sʲaut͡sʲa ‘woman’, tˠiŋʲi ‘child’, tˠưlˠư ‘Tulu’, t͡sʲamˠa ‘girl’, xˠautˠi ‘daughter’, xˠauʋʲa ‘father’, ŋʲiʋʲa ‘husband’, ʋˠeʋʲi ‘manner’, θʲenʲa ‘God’, θˠoθʲa ‘man’.

Class cl.4 – for instance: fʲaujư ‘cloud’, fʲơt͡sˠi ‘lion’, kʲưxʲi ‘star’, mʲaifˠa ‘sun’, nʲoŋˠu ‘dog’, nʲơnˠi ‘mouse’, nˠoθʲư ‘fish’, pʲumˠi ‘bed’, pˠarˠi ‘chair’, rʲosˠư ‘worm’, rʲơtˠa ‘wind’, sˠixʲi ‘sky’, t͡sʲơkˠu ‘mammal’, xˠafʲa ‘louse’, ŋʲơfʲư ‘table’, ŋˠafˠu ‘tiger’, ʋˠut͡sʲu ‘lamb’, θʲepʲi ‘moon’, θʲiθˠu ‘animal’, θˠơtˠa ‘earth’.

Class cl.5 – for instance: djaiŋˠi ‘fight’, fʲikʲi ‘fruit’, hoxʲư ‘leaf’, jơdja ‘box’, kˠanˠi ‘water’, lʲauʋʲi ‘mortar’, lʲifˠu ‘root’, mˠufˠi ‘flower’, mˠưkʲi ‘jaguar’, nˠaukʲa ‘forest’, sʲưsʲư ‘apple’, tʲaipˠu ‘wheat’, tˠexˠa ‘grass’, t͡sʲaxʲư ‘tree’, t͡sʲisˠu ‘snake’, t͡sˠemʲa ‘bark’, xʲerʲư ‘plain’, ʋʲefʲa ‘bottle’, ʋˠirˠa ‘urine’, θˠimˠa ‘seed’.

Class cl.6 – for instance: hưsʲa ‘horn’, kˠaʋʲi ‘lake’, kˠơŋˠi ‘day’, lʲopˠa ‘year’, pʲưpʲi ‘egg’, rʲaʋˠư ‘sea’, rʲơpʲi ‘night’, xʲokʲu ‘feather’, ʋʲiθˠu ‘river’, ʋˠurˠa ‘time’, θʲưt͡sˠa ‘meat’, θˠapˠư ‘stone’, θˠoθʲu ‘cheese’.

Class cl.7 – for instance: djilˠư ‘dust’, djut͡sˠa ‘snow’, fˠipʲu ‘speech’, jeθˠi ‘language’, juʋˠi ‘name’, kʲifˠu ‘smoke’, kˠaurˠa ‘fog’, lʲaurˠu ‘slime’, lˠomʲư ‘dialect’, mʲerʲa ‘rain’, mʲơnʲa ‘sound’, nˠaiθʲu ‘faeces’, nˠutʲi ‘ash’, pˠơʋˠu ‘fire’, t͡sʲilʲi ‘city’, ŋˠinʲư ‘embrace’, ʋʲarˠi ‘salt’, ʋʲưfʲi ‘breath’, ʋˠixʲu ‘sand’, θʲuŋʲi ‘money’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Tulu can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <relp>
+        <vp tam="pres-state">
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+        </vp>
+        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
+      </relp>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="pres-state">
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-      <relp>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
-      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES

addaffixes:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
-      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-        </vp>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|sʲ|au|t͡sʲ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|ʋˠ|i|nˠ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|lˠ|i|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|nˠ|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">|fʲ|-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|u|mˠ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|au|</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|tˠ|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4" comma="after">|j|ɤ|nˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|i|ʋˠ|
#-> pʲiʋˠ
### |pʲ|i|ʋˠ|
#-> pʲiʋˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |sʲ|au|t͡sʲ|a|
#-> sʲaut͡sʲa
### |sʲ|au|t͡sʲ|a|
#-> sʲaut͡sʲa
### |ʋˠ|i|nˠ|ɯ|
#-> ʋˠinˠɯ
### |ʋˠ|i|nˠ|ɯ|
#-> ʋˠinˠɯ
### |lˠ|i|
#-> lˠi
### |lˠ|i|
#-> lˠi
### |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|
#-> nʲɤnˠi
### |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|
#-> nʲɤnˠi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### |nˠ|au|
#-> nˠau
### |nˠ|au|
#-> nˠau
### |fʲ|-
#-> fʲ-
### |fʲ|-
#-> fʲ-
### |u|mˠ|-
#-> umˠ-
### |u|mˠ|-
#-> umˠ-
### |au|,
#-> au,
### |au|,
#-> au,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### -|tˠ|ɯ|
#-> -tˠɯ
### -|tˠ|ɯ|
#-> -tˠɯ
### |j|ɤ|nˠ|
#-> jɤnˠ
### |j|ɤ|nˠ|
#-> jɤnˠ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |j|ɯ| |pʲ|i|ʋˠ||i| |sʲ|au|t͡sʲ|a| |ʋˠ|i|nˠ|ɯ| |lˠ|i| |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i||t͡sʲ|i| |nˠ|au| |fʲ||u|mˠ||au|, |h|u||tˠ|ɯ| |j|ɤ|nˠ||ɯ|
#-> jɯ pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠɯ lˠi nʲɤnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠɯ jɤnˠɯ

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|sʲ|au|t͡sʲ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|ʋˠ|i|nˠ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|lˠ|i|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|nˠ|au|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">|fʲ|-</thingy>
    <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|u|mˠ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|au|</word>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|au|,</word>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|tˠ|ɯ|</thingy>
    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur.cl.4" comma="after">|j|ɤ|nˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲiʋˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sʲaut͡sʲa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋˠinˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nʲɤnˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡sʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˠau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fʲ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;umˠ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;au,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-tˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɤnˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠɯ lˠi nʲɤnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠɯ jɤnˠɯ</p>
+  <p>jư pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠư Lˠi nʲơnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠư jơnˠư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲiʋˠ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sʲaut͡sʲa</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋˠinˠɯ</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lˠi</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nʲɤnˠi</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡sʲi</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˠau</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fʲ-</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>umˠ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>au,</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-tˠɯ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɤnˠ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠɯ lˠi nʲɤnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠɯ jɤnˠɯ
#-> jɯ pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠɯ lˠi nʲɤnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠɯ jɤnˠɯ

Hide workings for example 1.

Jư pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠư Lˠi nʲơnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠư jơnˠư.

[jɯ pʲiʋˠi sʲaut͡sʲa ʋˠinˠɯ lˠi nʲɤnˠit͡sʲi nˠau fʲumˠau, hutˠɯ jɤnˠɯ]

jɯ
indicative pʲiʋˠ
catch -i
PAST sʲaut͡sʲa
woman ʋˠinˠɯ
knife lˠi
COMIT nʲɤnˠi
mouse -t͡sʲi
plur nˠau
three fʲ-
cl.4 umˠ-
plur au,
yon hu
RELPRON -tˠɯ
plur jɤnˠ
blind -ɯ
PRES

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Tulu consists of first, an optional prefix expressing case, comprising mˠư- /mˠɯ-/ ‘DAT’, sˠi- /sˠi-/ ‘INS’, nˠa- /nˠa-/ ‘VOC’, sˠư- /sˠɯ-/ ‘ALL’, ja- /ja-/ ‘LOC’, fʲa- /fʲa-/ ‘ABL’ and lʲu- /lʲu-/ ‘PART’; second, the root; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -t͡sʲi /-t͡sʲi/ ‘plur’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: six prefixes, namely pˠi- /pˠi-/ ‘little’, sʲư- /sʲɯ-/ ‘big’, fˠư- /fˠɯ-/ ‘old’, t͡sʲa- /t͡sʲa-/ ‘new’, θˠa- /θˠa-/ ‘good’ and lʲư- /lʲɯ-/ ‘bad’, and five circumfixes, namely dju-pˠ /t͡ʃu-pˠ/ ‘have’, fʲu-sʲ /fʲu-sʲ/ ‘use’, sʲa-nˠ /sʲa-nˠ/ ‘see’, mˠi-mʲ /mˠi-mʲ/ ‘make’ and pˠi-rʲ /pˠi-rʲ/ ‘break’

The Adjective

In Tulu, the adjective has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising lˠ- /lˠ-/ ‘sing’ and mˠ- /mˠ-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.

Numerals

The numeral in Tulu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Tulu, the determiner has the following structure: first, an obligatory prefix expressing gender, comprising t͡sˠ- /t͡sˠ-/ ‘cl.1’, kʲ- /kʲ-/ ‘cl.2’, mˠ- /mˠ-/ ‘cl.3’, fʲ- /fʲ-/ ‘cl.4’, j- /j-/ ‘cl.5’, sʲ- /sʲ-/ ‘cl.6’ and t͡sʲ- /t͡sʲ-/ ‘cl.7’; second, an optional prefix expressing number, comprising umˠ- /umˠ-/ ‘plur’; and finally, third, the root.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Tulu has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -tˠư /-tˠɯ/ ‘plur’.

initial XML:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
      <noun>tiger</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>be</verb>
      <adj>happy</adj>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <noun>tiger</noun>
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>be</verb>
-      <adj>happy</adj>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for happy/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for happy/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES

addaffixes:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
-  <s connector="because">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">|rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|tʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|lʲ|a|fˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|
#-> rʲɯt͡sˠ
### |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|
#-> rʲɯt͡sˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|
#-> ŋˠafˠu
### |ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|
#-> ŋˠafˠu
### |tʲ|u|
#-> tʲu
### |tʲ|u|
#-> tʲu
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |lʲ|a|fˠ|
#-> lʲafˠ
### |lʲ|a|fˠ|
#-> lʲafˠ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |j|ɯ| |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ||i| |ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u| |tʲ|u| |j|ɯ| |lʲ|a|fˠ||ɯ|
#-> jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jɯ lʲafˠɯ

removetags:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.4">|rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|tʲ|u|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|lʲ|a|fˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rʲɯt͡sˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋˠafˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;because&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lʲafˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;happy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jɯ lʲafˠɯ</p>
+  <p>jư rʲưt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jư lʲafˠư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rʲɯt͡sˠ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋˠafˠu</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʲu</o>
+      <g>because</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lʲafˠ</o>
+      <g>happy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jɯ lʲafˠɯ
#-> jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jɯ lʲafˠɯ

Hide workings for example 2.

Jư rʲưt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jư lʲafˠư.

[jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋˠafˠu tʲu jɯ lʲafˠɯ]

jɯ
indicative rʲɯt͡sˠ
kill -i
PAST ŋˠafˠu
tiger tʲu
because jɯ
indicative lʲafˠ
happy -ɯ
PRES

“Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.”

(2)

Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.3/pron/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |j|ɯ| |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ||ɯ| |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʲɯfʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˠo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo</p>
+  <p>jư tʲưfʲư t͡sˠo</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʲɯfʲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˠo</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.3</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo

Hide workings for example 3.

Jư tʲưfʲư t͡sˠo.

[jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo]

jɯ
indicative tʲɯfʲ
love -ɯ
PRES t͡sˠo
3.sing.cl.3

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(3)

But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |j|ɯ| |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ||ɯ| |t͡sˠ|o| |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo t͡sˠo

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʲɯfʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˠo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˠo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo t͡sˠo</p>
+  <p>jư tʲưfʲư t͡sˠo t͡sˠo</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʲɯfʲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˠo</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.3</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˠo</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.3</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo t͡sˠo
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo t͡sˠo

Hide workings for example 4.

Jư tʲưfʲư t͡sˠo t͡sˠo.

[jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo t͡sˠo]

jɯ
indicative tʲɯfʲ
love -ɯ
PRES t͡sˠo
3.sing.cl.3 t͡sˠo
3.sing.cl.3

“He loves her.”

(4)

And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʲɯfʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˠo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo</p>
+  <p>jư tʲưfʲư t͡sˠo</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʲɯfʲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˠo</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.3</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo

Hide workings for example 5.

Jư tʲưfʲư t͡sˠo.

[jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ t͡sˠo]

jɯ
indicative tʲɯfʲ
love -ɯ
PRES t͡sˠo
3.sing.cl.3

“He loves her.”

(5)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Fafi hates Kahnu.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ʋˠ|a|rˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Fafi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|fʲ|a|fʲ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Kahnu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|xʲ|ɤ|nˠ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |ʋˠ|a|rˠ|
#-> ʋˠarˠ
### |ʋˠ|a|rˠ|
#-> ʋˠarˠ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |fʲ|a|fʲ|i|
#-> fʲafʲi
### |fʲ|a|fʲ|i|
#-> fʲafʲi
### |xʲ|ɤ|nˠ|ɯ|
#-> xʲɤnˠɯ
### |xʲ|ɤ|nˠ|ɯ|
#-> xʲɤnˠɯ
### |j|ɯ| |ʋˠ|a|rˠ||ɯ| |fʲ|a|fʲ|i| |xʲ|ɤ|nˠ|ɯ|
#-> jɯ ʋˠarˠɯ fʲafʲi xʲɤnˠɯ

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Fafi hates Kahnu.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ʋˠ|a|rˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="Fafi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|fʲ|a|fʲ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="Kahnu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|xʲ|ɤ|nˠ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋˠarˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fʲafʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Fafi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xʲɤnˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Kahnu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ ʋˠarˠɯ fʲafʲi xʲɤnˠɯ</p>
+  <p>jư ʋˠarˠư Fʲafʲi Xʲơnˠư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋˠarˠ</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fʲafʲi</o>
+      <g>Fafi</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xʲɤnˠɯ</o>
+      <g>Kahnu</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ ʋˠarˠɯ fʲafʲi xʲɤnˠɯ
#-> jɯ ʋˠarˠɯ fʲafʲi xʲɤnˠɯ

Hide workings for example 6.

Jư ʋˠarˠư Fʲafʲi Xʲơnˠư.

[jɯ ʋˠarˠɯ fʲafʲi xʲɤnˠɯ]

jɯ
indicative ʋˠarˠ
hate -ɯ
PRES fʲafʲi
Fafi xʲɤnˠɯ
Kahnu

“Fafi hates Kahnu.”

(6)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">|pˠ|a|xˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |pˠ|a|xˠ|a|
#-> pˠaxˠa
### |pˠ|a|xˠ|a|
#-> pˠaxˠa
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |pˠ|a|xˠ|a| |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">|pˠ|a|xˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pˠaxˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sʲɯsʲɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ</p>
+  <p>pˠaxˠa sʲưsʲư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>pˠaxˠa</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sʲɯsʲɯ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ
#-> pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ

Hide workings for example 7.

pˠaxˠa sʲưsʲư

[pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ]

pˠaxˠa
boy sʲɯsʲɯ
apple

“the boy’s apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.3/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |t͡sˠ|o|
#-> t͡sˠo
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |t͡sˠ|o| |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> t͡sˠo sʲɯsʲɯ

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">|t͡sˠ|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˠo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sʲɯsʲɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡sˠo sʲɯsʲɯ</p>
+  <p>t͡sˠo sʲưsʲư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˠo</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.3</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sʲɯsʲɯ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### t͡sˠo sʲɯsʲɯ
#-> t͡sˠo sʲɯsʲɯ

Hide workings for example 8.

t͡sˠo sʲưsʲư

[t͡sˠo sʲɯsʲɯ]

t͡sˠo
3.sing.cl.3 sʲɯsʲɯ
apple

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(8)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|fˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |fˠ|u|
#-> fˠu
### |fˠ|u|
#-> fˠu
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |fˠ|u| |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> fˠu sʲɯsʲɯ

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|fˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sʲɯsʲɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>fˠu sʲɯsʲɯ</p>
+  <p>fˠu sʲưsʲư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>fˠu</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sʲɯsʲɯ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### fˠu sʲɯsʲɯ
#-> fˠu sʲɯsʲɯ

Hide workings for example 9.

fˠu sʲưsʲư

[fˠu sʲɯsʲɯ]

fˠu
1excl.sing sʲɯsʲɯ
apple

“my apple”

(9)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing" role="subj">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing" role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing" role="subj">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.3" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|sˠ|ɤ|ʋʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|xˠ|au|tˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|j|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|mˠ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|kʲ|e|tˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |sˠ|ɤ|ʋʲ|
#-> sˠɤʋʲ
### |sˠ|ɤ|ʋʲ|
#-> sˠɤʋʲ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |xˠ|au|tˠ|i|
#-> xˠautˠi
### |xˠ|au|tˠ|i|
#-> xˠautˠi
### |j|o|
#-> jo
### |j|o|
#-> jo
### |mˠ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> mˠɯt͡ʃa
### |mˠ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> mˠɯt͡ʃa
### |kʲ|e|tˠ|a|
#-> kʲetˠa
### |kʲ|e|tˠ|a|
#-> kʲetˠa
### |j|ɯ| |sˠ|ɤ|ʋʲ||i| |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u| |xˠ|au|tˠ|i| |j|o| |mˠ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|a| |kʲ|e|tˠ|a|
#-> jɯ sˠɤʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠɯt͡ʃa kʲetˠa

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|sˠ|ɤ|ʋʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|xˠ|au|tˠ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|j|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|mˠ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|kʲ|e|tˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˠɤʋʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋʲepˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xˠautˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mˠɯt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʲetˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ sˠɤʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠɯt͡ʃa kʲetˠa</p>
+  <p>jư sˠơʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠưdja kʲetˠa</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˠɤʋʲ</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋʲepˠu</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xˠautˠi</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jo</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mˠɯt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʲetˠa</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ sˠɤʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠɯt͡ʃa kʲetˠa
#-> jɯ sˠɤʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠɯt͡ʃa kʲetˠa

Hide workings for example 10.

Jư sˠơʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠưdja kʲetˠa.

[jɯ sˠɤʋʲi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi jo mˠɯt͡ʃa kʲetˠa]

jɯ
indicative sˠɤʋʲ
kiss -i
PAST ŋʲepˠu
hunter xˠautˠi
daughter jo
2.sing mˠɯt͡ʃa
neighbour kʲetˠa
son

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(10)

Derivation

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋˠut͡sʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʋˠut͡sʲu</p>
+  <p>ʋˠut͡sʲu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋˠut͡sʲu</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ʋˠut͡sʲu
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu

Hide workings for example 11.

ʋˠut͡sʲu

[ʋˠut͡sʲu]

ʋˠut͡sʲu
lamb

“a lamb”

(11)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">|pˠ||i|||-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-||||</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |pˠ||i|||-
#-> pˠi-
### |pˠ||i|||-
#-> pˠi-
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### -||||
#-> -
### -||||
#-> -
### |pˠ||i||||ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|||||
#-> pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">|pˠ||i|||-</thingy>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-||||</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pˠi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little₁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋˠut͡sʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little₂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu</p>
+  <p>pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>pˠi-</o>
+      <g>little₁</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋˠut͡sʲu</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-</o>
+      <g>little₂</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu
#-> pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu

Hide workings for example 12.

pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu

[pˠiʋˠut͡sʲu]

pˠi-
little₁ ʋˠut͡sʲu
lamb -
little₂

“a little lamb”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>have</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>lamb</noun>
      <adj>little</adj>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>have</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>lamb</noun>
-      <adj>little</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

submodule transform_verb_obj

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
-      </word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">|t͡ʃ||u|||-</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">|pˠ||i|||-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-||||</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|||pˠ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |t͡ʃ||u|||-
#-> t͡ʃu-
### |t͡ʃ||u|||-
#-> t͡ʃu-
### |pˠ||i|||-
#-> pˠi-
### |pˠ||i|||-
#-> pˠi-
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### -||||
#-> -
### -||||
#-> -
### -|||pˠ|
#-> -pˠ
### -|||pˠ|
#-> -pˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |j|ɯ| |t͡ʃ||u||||pˠ||i||||ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u||||||||pˠ||i|
#-> jɯ t͡ʃupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi

removetags:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">|t͡ʃ||u|||-</thingy>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">|pˠ||i|||-</thingy>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-||||</thingy>
    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|||pˠ|</thingy>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have₁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pˠi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little₁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋˠut͡sʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little₂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-pˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have₂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ t͡ʃupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi</p>
+  <p>jư djupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃu-</o>
+      <g>have₁</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pˠi-</o>
+      <g>little₁</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋˠut͡sʲu</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-</o>
+      <g>little₂</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-pˠ</o>
+      <g>have₂</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ t͡ʃupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi
#-> jɯ t͡ʃupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi

Hide workings for example 13.

Jư djupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi.

[jɯ t͡ʃupˠiʋˠut͡sʲupˠi]

jɯ
indicative t͡ʃu-
have₁ pˠi-
little₁ ʋˠut͡sʲu
lamb -
little₂ -pˠ
have₂ -i
PAST

“She had a little lamb.”

(13)

This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>lamb</noun>
      <adj>black</adj>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>lamb</noun>
-      <adj>black</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <relp>
+        <vp tam="pres-state">
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
+        </vp>
+        <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
        </np>
+      </relp>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="pres-state">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
        <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="pres-state">
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
        <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <relp>
+    <np locus="number" id="parent">
+      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
-        <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np locus="number" id="parent">
-      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
+    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.3" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-        </vp>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4" comma="after">|tˠ|ɤ|nˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|
#-> ʋˠut͡sʲu
### -,
#-> -,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |tˠ|ɤ|nˠ|
#-> tˠɤnˠ
### |tˠ|ɤ|nˠ|
#-> tˠɤnˠ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |j|ɯ| |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ||i| |ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|, |h|u| |tˠ|ɤ|nˠ||ɯ|
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠɤnˠɯ

removetags:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">|ʋˠ|u|t͡sʲ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.4" comma="after">|tˠ|ɤ|nˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʲɯfʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋˠut͡sʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tˠɤnˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;black&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ tʲɯfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠɤnˠɯ</p>
+  <p>jư tʲưfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠơnˠư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʲɯfʲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋˠut͡sʲu</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tˠɤnˠ</o>
+      <g>black</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ tʲɯfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠɤnˠɯ
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠɤnˠɯ

Hide workings for example 14.

Jư tʲưfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠơnˠư.

[jɯ tʲɯfʲi ʋˠut͡sʲu, hu tˠɤnˠɯ]

jɯ
indicative tʲɯfʲ
love -i
PAST ʋˠut͡sʲu
lamb hu
RELPRON tˠɤnˠ
black -ɯ
PRES

“She loved a black lamb.”

(14)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Tulu fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing negation, comprising kˠu /kˠu/ ‘NEG’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising jư /jɯ/ ‘indicative’, mˠi /mˠi/ ‘conditional’ and nʲa /nʲa/ ‘optative’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing question, comprising mʲa /mʲa/ ‘Q’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an optional prefix expressing voice, comprising ʋʲư- /ʋʲɯ-/ ‘passive’; second, the root; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing ta, comprising -ư /-ɯ/ ‘PRES’ and -i /-i/ ‘PAST’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five suffixes, namely -irʲ /-irʲ/ ‘begin’, -anˠ /-anˠ/ ‘stop’, -iʋʲ /-iʋʲ/ ‘continue’, -ifˠ /-ifˠ/ ‘try’ and -iθˠ /-iθˠ/ ‘start’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender: No change.

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">|j|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|
#-> tʲɯfʲ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### -|ɯ|
#-> -ɯ
### |j|o|
#-> jo
### |j|o|
#-> jo
### |j|ɯ| |tʲ|ɯ|fʲ||ɯ| |j|o|
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ jo

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|tʲ|ɯ|fʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">|j|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʲɯfʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PRES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ jo</p>
+  <p>jư tʲưfʲư jo</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʲɯfʲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɯ</o>
+      <g>PRES</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jo</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ jo
#-> jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ jo

Hide workings for example 15.

Jư tʲưfʲư jo.

[jɯ tʲɯfʲɯ jo]

jɯ
indicative tʲɯfʲ
love -ɯ
PRES jo
2.sing

“I love you.”

(15)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ŋʲ|ɤ|fʲ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">|fˠ|a|sʲ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|mˠ|ɯ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ŋʲ|ɤ|fʲ|ɯ|
#-> ŋʲɤfʲɯ
### |ŋʲ|ɤ|fʲ|ɯ|
#-> ŋʲɤfʲɯ
### |fˠ|a|sʲ|i|
#-> fˠasʲi
### |fˠ|a|sʲ|i|
#-> fˠasʲi
### |mˠ|ɯ|
#-> mˠɯ
### |mˠ|ɯ|
#-> mˠɯ
### |ŋʲ|ɤ|fʲ|ɯ| |fˠ|a|sʲ|i| |mˠ|ɯ|
#-> ŋʲɤfʲɯ fˠasʲi mˠɯ

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|ŋʲ|ɤ|fʲ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">|fˠ|a|sʲ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|mˠ|ɯ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋʲɤfʲɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fˠasʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ŋʲɤfʲɯ fˠasʲi mˠɯ</p>
+  <p>ŋʲơfʲư fˠasʲi mˠư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋʲɤfʲɯ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fˠasʲi</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mˠɯ</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ŋʲɤfʲɯ fˠasʲi mˠɯ
#-> ŋʲɤfʲɯ fˠasʲi mˠɯ

Hide workings for example 16.

ŋʲơfʲư fˠasʲi mˠư

[ŋʲɤfʲɯ fˠasʲi mˠɯ]

ŋʲɤfʲɯ
table fˠasʲi
surface mˠɯ
in

“on the table”

(16)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">|j|ɤ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">|θʲ|i|tʲ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|θʲ|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɤ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> jɤt͡ʃa
### |j|ɤ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> jɤt͡ʃa
### |θʲ|i|tʲ|a|
#-> θʲitʲa
### |θʲ|i|tʲ|a|
#-> θʲitʲa
### |θʲ|u|
#-> θʲu
### |θʲ|u|
#-> θʲu
### |j|ɤ|t͡ʃ|a| |θʲ|i|tʲ|a| |θʲ|u|
#-> jɤt͡ʃa θʲitʲa θʲu

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">|j|ɤ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">|θʲ|i|tʲ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|θʲ|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɤt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θʲitʲa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɤt͡ʃa θʲitʲa θʲu</p>
+  <p>jơdja θʲitʲa θʲu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɤt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θʲitʲa</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θʲu</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɤt͡ʃa θʲitʲa θʲu
#-> jɤt͡ʃa θʲitʲa θʲu

Hide workings for example 17.

jơdja θʲitʲa θʲu

[jɤt͡ʃa θʲitʲa θʲu]

jɤt͡ʃa
box θʲitʲa
inside θʲu
to

“into the box”

(17)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender: No change.

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number">|fˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|lˠ|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |fˠ|u|
#-> fˠu
### |fˠ|u|
#-> fˠu
### |lˠ|i|
#-> lˠi
### |lˠ|i|
#-> lˠi
### |fˠ|u| |lˠ|i|
#-> fˠu lˠi

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number">|fˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|lˠ|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>fˠu lˠi</p>
+  <p>fˠu Lˠi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>fˠu</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lˠi</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### fˠu lˠi
#-> fˠu lˠi

Hide workings for example 18.

fˠu Lˠi

[fˠu lˠi]

fˠu
1excl.sing lˠi
COMIT

“with me”

(18)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

The basic constituent order of Tulu is Verb–Subject–Object (VSO). Clauses begin with the verb, followed by the subject, with the object in final position. This pattern is attested among various verb-initial languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Tulu.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">|mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|
#-> rʲɯt͡sˠ
### |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|
#-> rʲɯt͡sˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|
#-> mˠɯkʲi
### |mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|
#-> mˠɯkʲi
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |j|ɯ| |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ||i| |mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i| |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi mˠɯkʲi ŋʲepˠu

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">|mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rʲɯt͡sˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mˠɯkʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋʲepˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi mˠɯkʲi ŋʲepˠu</p>
+  <p>jư rʲưt͡sˠi mˠưkʲi ŋʲepˠu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rʲɯt͡sˠ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mˠɯkʲi</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋʲepˠu</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi mˠɯkʲi ŋʲepˠu
#-> jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi mˠɯkʲi ŋʲepˠu

Hide workings for example 19.

Jư rʲưt͡sˠi mˠưkʲi ŋʲepˠu.

[jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi mˠɯkʲi ŋʲepˠu]

jɯ
indicative rʲɯt͡sˠ
kill -i
PAST mˠɯkʲi
jaguar ŋʲepˠu
hunter

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing" role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|xˠ|au|tˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|o|ŋˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|
#-> t͡ʃɤfˠ
### |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|
#-> t͡ʃɤfˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|
#-> fʲɤt͡sˠi
### |fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|
#-> fʲɤt͡sˠi
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |xˠ|au|tˠ|i|
#-> xˠautˠi
### |xˠ|au|tˠ|i|
#-> xˠautˠi
### |nʲ|o|ŋˠ|u|
#-> nʲoŋˠu
### |nʲ|o|ŋˠ|u|
#-> nʲoŋˠu
### |j|ɯ| |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ||i| |fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i| |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u| |xˠ|au|tˠ|i| |nʲ|o|ŋˠ|u|
#-> jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi fʲɤt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|xˠ|au|tˠ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|o|ŋˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃɤfˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fʲɤt͡sˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋʲepˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xˠautˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nʲoŋˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi fʲɤt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu</p>
+  <p>jư djơfˠi fʲơt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃɤfˠ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fʲɤt͡sˠi</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋʲepˠu</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xˠautˠi</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nʲoŋˠu</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi fʲɤt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu
#-> jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi fʲɤt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu

Hide workings for example 20.

Jư djơfˠi fʲơt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu.

[jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi fʲɤt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu xˠautˠi nʲoŋˠu]

jɯ
indicative t͡ʃɤfˠ
eat -i
PAST fʲɤt͡sˠi
lion ŋʲepˠu
hunter xˠautˠi
daughter nʲoŋˠu
dog

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(20)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Tulu reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Tulu expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-    </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|j|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|kʲ|e|tˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|mʲ|ɤ|tʲ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">|ŋˠ|u|mˠ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|o|
#-> jo
### |j|o|
#-> jo
### |kʲ|e|tˠ|a|
#-> kʲetˠa
### |kʲ|e|tˠ|a|
#-> kʲetˠa
### |mʲ|ɤ|tʲ|i|
#-> mʲɤtʲi
### |mʲ|ɤ|tʲ|i|
#-> mʲɤtʲi
### |ŋˠ|u|mˠ|ɯ|
#-> ŋˠumˠɯ
### |ŋˠ|u|mˠ|ɯ|
#-> ŋˠumˠɯ
### |j|o| |kʲ|e|tˠ|a| |mʲ|ɤ|tʲ|i| |ŋˠ|u|mˠ|ɯ|
#-> jo kʲetˠa mʲɤtʲi ŋˠumˠɯ

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|j|o|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|kʲ|e|tˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">|mʲ|ɤ|tʲ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">|ŋˠ|u|mˠ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʲetˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mʲɤtʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋˠumˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jo kʲetˠa mʲɤtʲi ŋˠumˠɯ</p>
+  <p>jo kʲetˠa mʲơtʲi ŋˠumˠư</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jo</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʲetˠa</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mʲɤtʲi</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋˠumˠɯ</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jo kʲetˠa mʲɤtʲi ŋˠumˠɯ
#-> jo kʲetˠa mʲɤtʲi ŋˠumˠɯ

Hide workings for example 21.

jo kʲetˠa mʲơtʲi ŋˠumˠư

[jo kʲetˠa mʲɤtʲi ŋˠumˠɯ]

jo
2.sing kʲetˠa
son mʲɤtʲi
friend ŋˠumˠɯ
book

“your son’s friend’s book”

(21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur

addaffixes:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">|rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">|mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kˠ|ɯ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">|ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kˠ|ɯ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">|fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|
#-> rʲɯt͡sˠ
### |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|
#-> rʲɯt͡sˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|
#-> ŋʲepˠu
### |mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|
#-> mˠɯkʲi
### |mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|
#-> mˠɯkʲi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### |kˠ|ɯ|
#-> kˠɯ
### |kˠ|ɯ|
#-> kˠɯ
### |ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|
#-> ŋˠafˠu
### |ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|
#-> ŋˠafˠu
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### |kˠ|ɯ|
#-> kˠɯ
### |kˠ|ɯ|
#-> kˠɯ
### |fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|
#-> fʲɤt͡sˠi
### |fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|
#-> fʲɤt͡sˠi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### -|t͡sʲ|i|
#-> -t͡sʲi
### |j|ɯ| |rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ||i| |ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u| |mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i||t͡sʲ|i| |kˠ|ɯ| |ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u||t͡sʲ|i| |kˠ|ɯ| |fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i||t͡sʲ|i|
#-> jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠɯkʲit͡sʲi kˠɯ ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠɯ fʲɤt͡sˠit͡sʲi

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.plur.cl.4">|rʲ|ɯ|t͡sˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|ŋʲ|e|pˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.5" role="obj" tr="rheme">|mˠ|ɯ|kʲ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kˠ|ɯ|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">|ŋˠ|a|fˠ|u|</word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kˠ|ɯ|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">|fʲ|ɤ|t͡sˠ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|t͡sʲ|i|</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rʲɯt͡sˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋʲepˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mˠɯkʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡sʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋˠafˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡sʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kˠɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fʲɤt͡sˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡sʲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠɯkʲit͡sʲi kˠɯ ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠɯ fʲɤt͡sˠit͡sʲi</p>
+  <p>jư rʲưt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠưkʲit͡sʲi kˠư ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠư fʲơt͡sˠit͡sʲi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rʲɯt͡sˠ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋʲepˠu</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mˠɯkʲi</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡sʲi</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kˠɯ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋˠafˠu</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡sʲi</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kˠɯ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fʲɤt͡sˠi</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡sʲi</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠɯkʲit͡sʲi kˠɯ ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠɯ fʲɤt͡sˠit͡sʲi
#-> jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠɯkʲit͡sʲi kˠɯ ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠɯ fʲɤt͡sˠit͡sʲi

Hide workings for example 22.

Jư rʲưt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠưkʲit͡sʲi kˠư ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠư fʲơt͡sˠit͡sʲi.

[jɯ rʲɯt͡sˠi ŋʲepˠu mˠɯkʲit͡sʲi kˠɯ ŋˠafˠut͡sʲi kˠɯ fʲɤt͡sˠit͡sʲi]

jɯ
indicative rʲɯt͡sˠ
kill -i
PAST ŋʲepˠu
hunter mˠɯkʲi
jaguar -t͡sʲi
plur kˠɯ
and ŋˠafˠu
tiger -t͡sʲi
plur kˠɯ
and fʲɤt͡sˠi
lion -t͡sʲi
plur

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Tulu provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Tulu forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|a|kʲ|
#-> pʲakʲ
### |pʲ|a|kʲ|
#-> pʲakʲ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> lʲalˠa
### |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> lʲalˠa
### |j|ɯ| |pʲ|a|kʲ||i| |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲakʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lʲalˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa</p>
+  <p>jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲakʲ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lʲalˠa</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa

Hide workings for example 23.

Jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa.

[jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa]

jɯ
indicative pʲakʲ
pat -i
PAST lʲalˠa
cat

“I patted the cat.”

(23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" comma="after">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" comma="after">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲakʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lʲalˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲiʋˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nʲɤnˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi</p>
+  <p>jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jư pʲiʋˠi nʲơnˠi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲakʲ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lʲalˠa</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲiʋˠ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nʲɤnˠi</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi

Hide workings for example 24.

Jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jư pʲiʋˠi nʲơnˠi.

[jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi]

jɯ
indicative pʲakʲ
pat -i
PAST lʲalˠa
cat hu
RELPRON jɯ
indicative pʲiʋˠ
catch -i
PAST nʲɤnˠi
mouse

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+            <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+              <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+              <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" comma="after">|θˠ|o|θʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|a|kʲ|
#-> pʲakʲ
### |pʲ|a|kʲ|
#-> pʲakʲ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> lʲalˠa
### |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> lʲalˠa
### -,
#-> -,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|i|ʋˠ|
#-> pʲiʋˠ
### |pʲ|i|ʋˠ|
#-> pʲiʋˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|
#-> nʲɤnˠi
### |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|
#-> nʲɤnˠi
### -,
#-> -,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|
#-> t͡ʃɤfˠ
### |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|
#-> t͡ʃɤfˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |θˠ|o|θʲ|u|
#-> θˠoθʲu
### |θˠ|o|θʲ|u|
#-> θˠoθʲu
### |j|ɯ| |pʲ|a|kʲ||i| |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|, |h|u| |j|ɯ| |pʲ|i|ʋˠ||i| |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|, |h|u| |j|ɯ| |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ||i| |θˠ|o|θʲ|u|
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" comma="after">|θˠ|o|θʲ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲakʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lʲalˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲiʋˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nʲɤnˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃɤfˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θˠoθʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu</p>
+  <p>jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jư pʲiʋˠi nʲơnˠi, hu jư djơfˠi θˠoθʲu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲakʲ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lʲalˠa</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲiʋˠ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nʲɤnˠi</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃɤfˠ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θˠoθʲu</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu

Hide workings for example 25.

Jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jư pʲiʋˠi nʲơnˠi, hu jư djơfˠi θˠoθʲu.

[jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu]

jɯ
indicative pʲakʲ
pat -i
PAST lʲalˠa
cat hu
RELPRON jɯ
indicative pʲiʋˠ
catch -i
PAST nʲɤnˠi
mouse hu
RELPRON jɯ
indicative t͡ʃɤfˠ
eat -i
PAST θˠoθʲu
cheese

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
+                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+            <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
+              <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+              <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+              <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
+                <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6"/>
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">|t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6">|θˠ|o|θʲ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|ɤ|sˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after">|fˠ|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|a|kʲ|
#-> pʲakʲ
### |pʲ|a|kʲ|
#-> pʲakʲ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> lʲalˠa
### |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|
#-> lʲalˠa
### -,
#-> -,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|i|ʋˠ|
#-> pʲiʋˠ
### |pʲ|i|ʋˠ|
#-> pʲiʋˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|
#-> nʲɤnˠi
### |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|
#-> nʲɤnˠi
### -,
#-> -,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|
#-> t͡ʃɤfˠ
### |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|
#-> t͡ʃɤfˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |θˠ|o|θʲ|u|
#-> θˠoθʲu
### |θˠ|o|θʲ|u|
#-> θˠoθʲu
### -,
#-> -,
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |pʲ|ɤ|sˠ|
#-> pʲɤsˠ
### |pʲ|ɤ|sˠ|
#-> pʲɤsˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |fˠ|u|
#-> fˠu
### |fˠ|u|
#-> fˠu
### |j|ɯ| |pʲ|a|kʲ||i| |lʲ|a|lˠ|a|, |h|u| |j|ɯ| |pʲ|i|ʋˠ||i| |nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|, |h|u| |j|ɯ| |t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ||i| |θˠ|o|θʲ|u|, |h|u| |j|ɯ| |pʲ|ɤ|sˠ||i| |fˠ|u|
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jɯ pʲɤsˠi fˠu

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|a|kʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|lʲ|a|lˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">|pʲ|i|ʋˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">|nʲ|ɤ|nˠ|i|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.4">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.4">|t͡ʃ|ɤ|fˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6">|θˠ|o|θʲ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.6">|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">|pʲ|ɤ|sˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.3" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after">|fˠ|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲakʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lʲalˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲiʋˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nʲɤnˠi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃɤfˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θˠoθʲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pʲɤsˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fˠu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jɯ pʲɤsˠi fˠu</p>
+  <p>jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jư pʲiʋˠi nʲơnˠi, hu jư djơfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jư pʲơsˠi fˠu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲakʲ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lʲalˠa</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲiʋˠ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nʲɤnˠi</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃɤfˠ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θˠoθʲu</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-,</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pʲɤsˠ</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fˠu</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jɯ pʲɤsˠi fˠu
#-> jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jɯ pʲɤsˠi fˠu

Hide workings for example 26.

Jư pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jư pʲiʋˠi nʲơnˠi, hu jư djơfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jư pʲơsˠi fˠu.

[jɯ pʲakʲi lʲalˠa, hu jɯ pʲiʋˠi nʲɤnˠi, hu jɯ t͡ʃɤfˠi θˠoθʲu, hu jɯ pʲɤsˠi fˠu]

jɯ
indicative pʲakʲ
pat -i
PAST lʲalˠa
cat hu
RELPRON jɯ
indicative pʲiʋˠ
catch -i
PAST nʲɤnˠi
mouse hu
RELPRON jɯ
indicative t͡ʃɤfˠ
eat -i
PAST θˠoθʲu
cheese hu
RELPRON jɯ
indicative pʲɤsˠ
buy -i
PAST fˠu
1excl.sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(26)

Complementation Strategies

Tulu marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb: No change.

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">|nˠ|o|xˠ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">|mʲ|o|xʲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|pˠ|a|xˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|t͡sʲ|a|mˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|mʲ|ɯ|lˠ|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |nˠ|o|xˠ|
#-> nˠoxˠ
### |nˠ|o|xˠ|
#-> nˠoxˠ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |j|ɯ|
#-> jɯ
### |mʲ|o|xʲ|
#-> mʲoxʲ
### |mʲ|o|xʲ|
#-> mʲoxʲ
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### |pˠ|a|xˠ|a|
#-> pˠaxˠa
### |pˠ|a|xˠ|a|
#-> pˠaxˠa
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|
#-> sʲɯsʲɯ
### |t͡sʲ|a|mˠ|a|
#-> t͡sʲamˠa
### |t͡sʲ|a|mˠ|a|
#-> t͡sʲamˠa
### |mʲ|ɯ|lˠ|a|
#-> mʲɯlˠa
### |mʲ|ɯ|lˠ|a|
#-> mʲɯlˠa
### |j|ɯ| |nˠ|o|xˠ||i| |j|ɯ| |mʲ|o|xʲ||i| |pˠ|a|xˠ|a| |sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ| |t͡sʲ|a|mˠ|a| |mʲ|ɯ|lˠ|a|
#-> jɯ nˠoxˠi jɯ mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ t͡sʲamˠa mʲɯlˠa

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">|nˠ|o|xˠ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|j|ɯ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.3">|mʲ|o|xʲ|</word>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|pˠ|a|xˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.5">|sʲ|ɯ|sʲ|ɯ|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.3">|t͡sʲ|a|mˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">|mʲ|ɯ|lˠ|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˠoxˠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mʲoxʲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pˠaxˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sʲɯsʲɯ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sʲamˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mʲɯlˠa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jɯ nˠoxˠi jɯ mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ t͡sʲamˠa mʲɯlˠa</p>
+  <p>jư nˠoxˠi jư mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲưsʲư t͡sʲamˠa mʲưlˠa</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˠoxˠ</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jɯ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mʲoxʲ</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pˠaxˠa</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sʲɯsʲɯ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sʲamˠa</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mʲɯlˠa</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### jɯ nˠoxˠi jɯ mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ t͡sʲamˠa mʲɯlˠa
#-> jɯ nˠoxˠi jɯ mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ t͡sʲamˠa mʲɯlˠa

Hide workings for example 27.

Jư nˠoxˠi jư mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲưsʲư t͡sʲamˠa mʲưlˠa.

[jɯ nˠoxˠi jɯ mʲoxʲi pˠaxˠa sʲɯsʲɯ t͡sʲamˠa mʲɯlˠa]

jɯ
indicative nˠoxˠ
surprise -i
PAST jɯ
indicative mʲoxʲ
give -i
PAST pˠaxˠa
boy sʲɯsʲɯ
apple t͡sʲamˠa
girl mʲɯlˠa
teacher

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(27)

Quotes

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Miscellaneous

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Tulu / Tulu–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/32DTU

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

How to cite this grammar:

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Tulu. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 1 May 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/32DTU

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-32DTU,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Tulu}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/32DTU}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 1 May 2026}
}

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