A Grammar of Shi
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Shi language (the 103rd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Shi.
Typological Profile
It has a highly marked collection of glottal, uvular, pharyngeal or epiglottal contrasts, a full set of ejective articulations, a richly elaborated system of click consonants, proper polysynthesis and a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Shi has an astonishing 319 consonant phonemes, exceeding any consonant system known to the author. The inventory is remarkably extensive.
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition, a richly developed retroflex subsystem, an extensive and fully contrastive palatal series, a highly marked collection of glottal, uvular, pharyngeal or epiglottal contrasts and an exceptionally large and contrastive set of fricatives.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Shi. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| vel. labial | pal. labial | phar. labial | vel. dental | pal. dental | lab. dental | phar. dental | vel. alveolar | pal. alveolar | lab. alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | vel. postalveolar | pal. postalveolar | vel. lateral | pal. lateral | palatal | vel. retroflex | pal. retroflex | vel. velar | pal. velar | lab. velar | phar. velar | vel. uvular | pal. uvular | lab. uvular | phar. uvular | vel. pharyngeal | pal. pharyngeal | vel. epiglottal | pal. epiglottal | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | pˠ bˠ | pʲ bʲ | pˤ bˤ | dˠ tˠ | dʲ tʲ | dʷ tʷ | dˤ tˤ | ɖˠ ʈˠ | ɖʲ ʈʲ | kˠ ɡˠ | kʲ ɡʲ | kʷ ɡʷ | kˤ ɡˤ | qˠ ɢˠ | qʲ ɢʲ | qʷ ɢʷ | qˤ ɢˤ | ʡˠ | ʡʲ | ʔ | ||||||||||||
| aspirated stop | pʰˠ | pʰʲ | pʰˤ | tʰˠ | tʰʲ | tʰʷ | tʰˤ | ʈʰˠ | ʈʰʲ | kʰˠ | kʰʲ | kʰʷ | kʰˤ | |||||||||||||||||||
| preaspirated stop | hpˠ | hpʲ | hpˤ | htˠ | htʲ | htʷ | htˤ | hʈˠ | hʈʲ | hkˠ | hkʲ | hkʷ | hkˤ | |||||||||||||||||||
| breathy stop | bʱˠ | bʱʲ | bʱˤ | dʱˠ | dʱʲ | dʱʷ | dʱˤ | ɖʱˠ | ɖʱʲ | gʱˠ | gʱʲ | gʱʷ | gʱˤ | |||||||||||||||||||
| ejective stop | pˠʼ | pʲʼ | pˤʼ | tˠʼ | tʲʼ | tʷʼ | tˤʼ | ʈˠʼ | ʈʲʼ | kˠʼ | kʲʼ | kʷʼ | kˤʼ | qˠʼ | qʲʼ | qʷʼ | qˤʼ | |||||||||||||||
| nasal | mˠ m̥ˠ | mʲ m̥ʲ | mˤ m̥ˤ | nˠ n̥ˠ | nʲ n̥ʲ | nʷ n̥ʷ | nˤ n̥ˤ | ɳˠ ɳ̥ˠ | ɳʲ ɳ̥ʲ | ŋˠ ŋ̥ˠ | ŋʲ ŋ̥ʲ | ŋʷ ŋ̥ʷ | ŋˤ ŋ̥ˤ | ɴˠ | ɴʲ | ɴʷ | ɴˤ | |||||||||||||||
| trill/tap/flap | r̥ˠ ɾˠ | r̥ʲ ɾʲ | r̥ʷ ɾʷ | r̥ˤ ɾˤ | ɺˠ | ɺʲ | ɽˠ | ɽʲ | ʜˠ | ʜʲ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| fricative | ɸˠ βˠ | ɸʲ βʲ | ɸˤ βˤ | ðˠ θˠ | ðʲ θʲ | ðʷ θʷ | ðˤ θˤ | sˠ zˠ | sʲ zʲ | sʷ zʷ | sˤ zˤ | ʃˠ ʒˠ | ʃʲ ʒʲ | ɬˠ ɮˠ | ɬʲ ɮʲ | ʂˠ ʐˠ | ʂʲ ʐʲ | xˠ ɣˠ | xʲ ɣʲ | xʷ ɣʷ | xˤ ɣˤ | ʁˠ χˠ | ʁʲ χʲ | ʁʷ χʷ | ʁˤ χˤ | ħˠ ʕˠ | ħʲ ʕʲ | h ɦ | ||||
| approximant | ʋˠ | ʋʲ | ʋˤ | ɹˠ | ɹʲ | ɹʷ | ɹˤ | ɭˠ | ɭʲ | j | ɻˠ | ɻʲ | ɰˠ | ɰʲ | ɰʷ | ɰˤ | ||||||||||||||||
| affricate | p͡fˠ | p͡fʲ | p͡fˤ | d͡zˠ t͡sˠ | d͡zʲ t͡sʲ | d͡zʷ t͡sʷ | d͡zˤ t͡sˤ | d͡ʒ t͡ʃ | tɬˠ | tɬʲ | d͡ʐˠ t͡ʂˠ | d͡ʐʲ t͡ʂʲ | k͡xˠ | k͡xʲ | k͡xʷ | k͡xˤ | q͡χˠ | q͡χʲ | q͡χʷ | q͡χˤ | ||||||||||||
| implosive | ɓˠ | ɓʲ | ɓˤ | ɗˠ | ɗʲ | ɗʷ | ɗˤ | ʄˠ | ʄʲ | ɠˠ | ɠʲ | ɠʷ | ɠˤ | ʛˠ | ʛʲ | ʛʷ | ʛˤ | |||||||||||||||
| click | ᵏǀˠ ᵏǀʰˠ | ᵏǀʲ ᵏǀʰʲ | ᵏǀʷ ᵏǀʰʷ | ᵏǀˤ ᵏǀʰˤ | ᵏǃˠ ᵏǃʰˠ | ᵏǃʲ ᵏǃʰʲ | ᵏǃʷ ᵏǃʰʷ | ᵏǃˤ ᵏǃʰˤ | ᵏǁˠ ᵏǁʰˠ | ᵏǁʲ ᵏǁʰʲ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ejective click | ᵏǀˠʼ | ᵏǀʲʼ | ᵏǀʷʼ | ᵏǀˤʼ | ᵏǃˠʼ | ᵏǃʲʼ | ᵏǃʷʼ | ᵏǃˤʼ | ᵏǁˠʼ | ᵏǁʲʼ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| click, nasal | ᵑǀˠ | ᵑǀʲ | ᵑǀʷ | ᵑǀˤ | ᵑǃˠ | ᵑǃʲ | ᵑǃʷ | ᵑǃˤ | ᵑǁˠ | ᵑǁʲ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ejective click, nasal | ᵑǀˠʼ | ᵑǀʲʼ | ᵑǀʷʼ | ᵑǀˤʼ | ᵑǃˠʼ | ᵑǃʲʼ | ᵑǃʷʼ | ᵑǃˤʼ | ᵑǁˠʼ | ᵑǁʲʼ |
Vowels
Shi has more than 14 vowel qualities. This constitutes an exceptionally rich vowel inventory, with numerous distinct categories represented in the chart.
It has a fully developed system of nasal vowels matching the oral height distinctions, a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a highly marked system where syllables may lack audible vowels entirely, a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness and a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Shi. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | i i# | ɨ ɨ# | u u# |
| close-mid | e e# | ɘ ɘ# | o o# |
| open-mid | ɛ ɛ# | ɜ ɜ# | ɔ ɔ# |
| open | a a# |
Stress and Tones
Shi has phonemic stress and 6 lexical tones. Each lexical item carries a tonal specification associated with the first vowel of the root, which determines the overall tonal contour of the word.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /i#/, /u/ becomes /u#/, /ɨ/ becomes /ɨ#/, /e/ becomes /e#/, /o/ becomes /o#/, /ɘ/ becomes /ɘ#/, /ɛ/ becomes /ɛ#/, /ɔ/ becomes /ɔ#/, /ɜ/ becomes /ɜ#/, /a/ becomes /a#/.
Writing System
Introduction
Shi is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /a/ | e /ɛ/ | h /h/ | i /i/ |
| j /d͡ʒ/ | o /ɔ/ | q /ʔ/ | u /u/ |
| y /j/ | è /ɜ/ | é /e/ | ë /ɘ/ |
| ï /ɨ/ | ó /o/ | ɦ /ɦ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| aa /aː/ | ai /ai/ | an /a#/ |
| anan /a#ː/ | au /au/ | bʱʲ /bʱʲ/ |
| bʱˠ /bʱˠ/ | bʱˤ /bʱˤ/ | bʲ /bʲ/ |
| bˠ /bˠ/ | bˤ /bˤ/ | dj /t͡ʃ/ |
| dʱʲ /dʱʲ/ | dʱʷ /dʱʷ/ | dʱˠ /dʱˠ/ |
| dʱˤ /dʱˤ/ | dʲ /dʲ/ | dʷ /dʷ/ |
| dˠ /dˠ/ | dˤ /dˤ/ | d͡zʲ /d͡zʲ/ |
| d͡zʷ /d͡zʷ/ | d͡zˠ /d͡zˠ/ | d͡zˤ /d͡zˤ/ |
| d͡ʐʲ /d͡ʐʲ/ | d͡ʐˠ /d͡ʐˠ/ | ee /ɛː/ |
| en /ɛ#/ | enen /ɛ#ː/ | fʲ /fʲ/ |
| fˠ /fˠ/ | fˤ /fˤ/ | gʱʲ /gʱʲ/ |
| gʱʷ /gʱʷ/ | gʱˠ /gʱˠ/ | gʱˤ /gʱˤ/ |
| hkʲ /hkʲ/ | hkʷ /hkʷ/ | hkˠ /hkˠ/ |
| hkˤ /hkˤ/ | hpʲ /hpʲ/ | hpˠ /hpˠ/ |
| hpˤ /hpˤ/ | htʲ /htʲ/ | htʷ /htʷ/ |
| htˠ /htˠ/ | htˤ /htˤ/ | hʈʲ /hʈʲ/ |
| hʈˠ /hʈˠ/ | ii /iː/ | in /i#/ |
| inin /i#ː/ | kʰʲ /kʰʲ/ | kʰˠ /kʰˠ/ |
| kʰˤ /kʰˤ/ | kʲ /kʲ/ | kʼʲ /kʼʲ/ |
| kʼʷ /kʼʷ/ | kʼˠ /kʼˠ/ | kʼˤ /kʼˤ/ |
| kˠ /kˠ/ | kˤ /kˤ/ | k͡xʲ /k͡xʲ/ |
| k͡xʷ /k͡xʷ/ | k͡xˠ /k͡xˠ/ | k͡xˤ /k͡xˤ/ |
| lʲ /lʲ/ | lˠ /lˠ/ | mʲ /mʲ/ |
| mˠ /mˠ/ | mˤ /mˤ/ | m̥ʲ /m̥ʲ/ |
| m̥ˠ /m̥ˠ/ | m̥ˤ /m̥ˤ/ | nʲ /nʲ/ |
| nʷ /nʷ/ | nˠ /nˠ/ | nˤ /nˤ/ |
| n̥ʲ /n̥ʲ/ | n̥ʷ /n̥ʷ/ | n̥ˠ /n̥ˠ/ |
| n̥ˤ /n̥ˤ/ | on /ɔ#/ | onon /ɔ#ː/ |
| oo /ɔː/ | pʰʲ /pʰʲ/ | pʰˠ /pʰˠ/ |
| pʰˤ /pʰˤ/ | pʲ /pʲ/ | pʼʲ /pʼʲ/ |
| pʼˠ /pʼˠ/ | pʼˤ /pʼˤ/ | pˠ /pˠ/ |
| pˤ /pˤ/ | p͡fʲ /p͡fʲ/ | p͡fˠ /p͡fˠ/ |
| p͡fˤ /p͡fˤ/ | qu /kʷ/ | quh /kʰʷ/ |
| qʲ /qʲ/ | qʷ /qʷ/ | qʼʲ /qʼʲ/ |
| qʼʷ /qʼʷ/ | qʼˠ /qʼˠ/ | qʼˤ /qʼˤ/ |
| qˠ /qˠ/ | qˤ /qˤ/ | q͡χʲ /q͡χʲ/ |
| q͡χʷ /q͡χʷ/ | q͡χˠ /q͡χˠ/ | q͡χˤ /q͡χˤ/ |
| rʲ /rʲ/ | rʷ /rʷ/ | rˠ /rˠ/ |
| rˤ /rˤ/ | r̥ʲ /r̥ʲ/ | r̥ʷ /r̥ʷ/ |
| r̥ˠ /r̥ˠ/ | r̥ˤ /r̥ˤ/ | sʲ /sʲ/ |
| sʷ /sʷ/ | sˠ /sˠ/ | sˤ /sˤ/ |
| tɬʲ /tɬʲ/ | tɬˠ /tɬˠ/ | tʰʲ /tʰʲ/ |
| tʰʷ /tʰʷ/ | tʰˠ /tʰˠ/ | tʰˤ /tʰˤ/ |
| tʲ /tʲ/ | tʷ /tʷ/ | tʼʲ /tʼʲ/ |
| tʼʷ /tʼʷ/ | tʼˠ /tʼˠ/ | tʼˤ /tʼˤ/ |
| tˠ /tˠ/ | tˤ /tˤ/ | t͡sʲ /t͡sʲ/ |
| t͡sʷ /t͡sʷ/ | t͡sˠ /t͡sˠ/ | t͡sˤ /t͡sˤ/ |
| t͡ʂʲ /t͡ʂʲ/ | t͡ʂˠ /t͡ʂˠ/ | un /u#/ |
| unun /u#ː/ | uu /uː/ | vʲ /vʲ/ |
| vˠ /vˠ/ | vˤ /vˤ/ | xʲ /xʲ/ |
| xʷ /xʷ/ | xˠ /xˠ/ | xˤ /xˤ/ |
| zʲ /zʲ/ | zʷ /zʷ/ | zˠ /zˠ/ |
| zˤ /zˤ/ | èn /ɜ#/ | ènèn /ɜ#ː/ |
| èè /ɜː/ | én /e#/ | énén /e#ː/ |
| éé /eː/ | ën /ɘ#/ | ënën /ɘ#ː/ |
| ëë /ɘː/ | ïn /ɨ#/ | ïnïn /ɨ#ː/ |
| ïï /ɨː/ | ðʲ /ðʲ/ | ðʷ /ðʷ/ |
| ðˠ /ðˠ/ | ðˤ /ðˤ/ | ón /o#/ |
| ónón /o#ː/ | óó /oː/ | ħʲ /ħʲ/ |
| ħˠ /ħˠ/ | ŋʲ /ŋʲ/ | ŋʷ /ŋʷ/ |
| ŋˠ /ŋˠ/ | ŋˤ /ŋˤ/ | ŋ̥ʲ /ŋ̥ʲ/ |
| ŋ̥ʷ /ŋ̥ʷ/ | ŋ̥ˠ /ŋ̥ˠ/ | ŋ̥ˤ /ŋ̥ˤ/ |
| ɓʲ /ɓʲ/ | ɓˠ /ɓˠ/ | ɓˤ /ɓˤ/ |
| ɔi /ɔi/ | ɖʱʲ /ɖʱʲ/ | ɖʱˠ /ɖʱˠ/ |
| ɖʲ /ɖʲ/ | ɖˠ /ɖˠ/ | ɗʲ /ɗʲ/ |
| ɗʷ /ɗʷ/ | ɗˠ /ɗˠ/ | ɗˤ /ɗˤ/ |
| ɠʲ /ɠʲ/ | ɠʷ /ɠʷ/ | ɠˠ /ɠˠ/ |
| ɠˤ /ɠˤ/ | ɡʲ /ɡʲ/ | ɡʷ /ɡʷ/ |
| ɡˠ /ɡˠ/ | ɡˤ /ɡˤ/ | ɢʲ /ɢʲ/ |
| ɢʷ /ɢʷ/ | ɢˠ /ɢˠ/ | ɢˤ /ɢˤ/ |
| ɣʲ /ɣʲ/ | ɣʷ /ɣʷ/ | ɣˠ /ɣˠ/ |
| ɣˤ /ɣˤ/ | ɥʲ /ɥʲ/ | ɥˠ /ɥˠ/ |
| ɥˤ /ɥˤ/ | ɬʲ /ɬʲ/ | ɬˠ /ɬˠ/ |
| ɭʲ /ɭʲ/ | ɭˠ /ɭˠ/ | ɮʲ /ɮʲ/ |
| ɮˠ /ɮˠ/ | ɰʲ /ɰʲ/ | ɰʷ /ɰʷ/ |
| ɰˠ /ɰˠ/ | ɰˤ /ɰˤ/ | ɳʲ /ɳʲ/ |
| ɳˠ /ɳˠ/ | ɳ̥ʲ /ɳ̥ʲ/ | ɳ̥ˠ /ɳ̥ˠ/ |
| ɴʲ /ɴʲ/ | ɴʷ /ɴʷ/ | ɴˠ /ɴˠ/ |
| ɴˤ /ɴˤ/ | ɸʲ /ɸʲ/ | ɸˠ /ɸˠ/ |
| ɸˤ /ɸˤ/ | ɹʲ /ɹʲ/ | ɹʷ /ɹʷ/ |
| ɹˠ /ɹˠ/ | ɹˤ /ɹˤ/ | ɺʲ /ɺʲ/ |
| ɺˠ /ɺˠ/ | ɻʲ /ɻʲ/ | ɻˠ /ɻˠ/ |
| ɽʲ /ɽʲ/ | ɽˠ /ɽˠ/ | ɾʲ /ɾʲ/ |
| ɾʷ /ɾʷ/ | ɾˠ /ɾˠ/ | ɾˤ /ɾˤ/ |
| ʁʲ /ʁʲ/ | ʁʷ /ʁʷ/ | ʁˠ /ʁˠ/ |
| ʁˤ /ʁˤ/ | ʂʲ /ʂʲ/ | ʂˠ /ʂˠ/ |
| ʃʲ /ʃʲ/ | ʃˠ /ʃˠ/ | ʄʲ /ʄʲ/ |
| ʄˠ /ʄˠ/ | ʈʰʲ /ʈʰʲ/ | ʈʰˠ /ʈʰˠ/ |
| ʈʲ /ʈʲ/ | ʈʼʲ /ʈʼʲ/ | ʈʼˠ /ʈʼˠ/ |
| ʈˠ /ʈˠ/ | ʋʲ /ʋʲ/ | ʋˠ /ʋˠ/ |
| ʋˤ /ʋˤ/ | ʐʲ /ʐʲ/ | ʐˠ /ʐˠ/ |
| ʒʲ /ʒʲ/ | ʒˠ /ʒˠ/ | ʕʲ /ʕʲ/ |
| ʕˠ /ʕˠ/ | ʛʲ /ʛʲ/ | ʛʷ /ʛʷ/ |
| ʛˠ /ʛˠ/ | ʛˤ /ʛˤ/ | ʜʲ /ʜʲ/ |
| ʜˠ /ʜˠ/ | ʡʲ /ʡʲ/ | ʡˠ /ʡˠ/ |
| βʲ /βʲ/ | βˠ /βˠ/ | βˤ /βˤ/ |
| θʲ /θʲ/ | θʷ /θʷ/ | θˠ /θˠ/ |
| θˤ /θˤ/ | χʲ /χʲ/ | χʷ /χʷ/ |
| χˠ /χˠ/ | χˤ /χˤ/ | ᵏǀʰʲ /ᵏǀʰʲ/ |
| ᵏǀʰʷ /ᵏǀʰʷ/ | ᵏǀʰˠ /ᵏǀʰˠ/ | ᵏǀʰˤ /ᵏǀʰˤ/ |
| ᵏǀʲ /ᵏǀʲ/ | ᵏǀʷ /ᵏǀʷ/ | ᵏǀʼʲ /ᵏǀʼʲ/ |
| ᵏǀʼʷ /ᵏǀʼʷ/ | ᵏǀʼˠ /ᵏǀʼˠ/ | ᵏǀʼˤ /ᵏǀʼˤ/ |
| ᵏǀˠ /ᵏǀˠ/ | ᵏǀˤ /ᵏǀˤ/ | ᵏǁʰʲ /ᵏǁʰʲ/ |
| ᵏǁʰˠ /ᵏǁʰˠ/ | ᵏǁʲ /ᵏǁʲ/ | ᵏǁʼʲ /ᵏǁʼʲ/ |
| ᵏǁʼˠ /ᵏǁʼˠ/ | ᵏǁˠ /ᵏǁˠ/ | ᵏǃʰʲ /ᵏǃʰʲ/ |
| ᵏǃʰʷ /ᵏǃʰʷ/ | ᵏǃʰˠ /ᵏǃʰˠ/ | ᵏǃʰˤ /ᵏǃʰˤ/ |
| ᵏǃʲ /ᵏǃʲ/ | ᵏǃʷ /ᵏǃʷ/ | ᵏǃʼʲ /ᵏǃʼʲ/ |
| ᵏǃʼʷ /ᵏǃʼʷ/ | ᵏǃʼˠ /ᵏǃʼˠ/ | ᵏǃʼˤ /ᵏǃʼˤ/ |
| ᵏǃˠ /ᵏǃˠ/ | ᵏǃˤ /ᵏǃˤ/ | ᵑǀʲ /ᵑǀʲ/ |
| ᵑǀʷ /ᵑǀʷ/ | ᵑǀʼʲ /ᵑǀʼʲ/ | ᵑǀʼʷ /ᵑǀʼʷ/ |
| ᵑǀʼˠ /ᵑǀʼˠ/ | ᵑǀʼˤ /ᵑǀʼˤ/ | ᵑǀˠ /ᵑǀˠ/ |
| ᵑǀˤ /ᵑǀˤ/ | ᵑǁʲ /ᵑǁʲ/ | ᵑǁʼʲ /ᵑǁʼʲ/ |
| ᵑǁʼˠ /ᵑǁʼˠ/ | ᵑǁˠ /ᵑǁˠ/ | ᵑǃʲ /ᵑǃʲ/ |
| ᵑǃʷ /ᵑǃʷ/ | ᵑǃʼʲ /ᵑǃʼʲ/ | ᵑǃʼʷ /ᵑǃʼʷ/ |
| ᵑǃʼˠ /ᵑǃʼˠ/ | ᵑǃʼˤ /ᵑǃʼˤ/ | ᵑǃˠ /ᵑǃˠ/ |
| ᵑǃˤ /ᵑǃˤ/ |
Diacritics
| ◌̀ /꜒꜖/ | ◌́ /꜖꜒/ | ◌̃ /̰꜒/ | ◌̄ /꜒/ |
| ◌̉ /̰꜖/ | ◌̠ /꜖/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Shi does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Shi has the following genders:
Gender fem – for instance: dʱʷë̃ ‘tail’, dʲ́ ‘hair’, hkʷé̃ ‘dialect’, htʲónón̠ ‘back’, kʼʲɔí ‘language’, nʷïï̉ ‘moon’, n̥ˠènèn̠ ‘stick’, tʰˠè̠ ‘city’, tʷiñ ‘head’, tʼˤũ ‘cloud’, zˤĩ ‘bosom’, ŋ̥ʲanan̠ ‘tooth’, ŋ̥ʲi̠ ‘star’, ɭˠaả ‘wife’, ɰˠïï̉ ‘sand’, ɳˠiì ‘fat’, ɻˠù ‘binoculars’, ʐʲa̠ ‘wind’, ᵑǃʼʲënën̄ ‘eye’, ᵑǃˠả ‘slime’.
Gender masc – for instance: bˠón̉ ‘dog’, dˤiñ ‘bird’, hpˤò ‘brick’, htʷénéń ‘knife’, pˠà ‘cheese’, qʲaũ ‘umbrella’, tˤó́ ‘blood’, ɡˤenen̉ ‘sea’, ɸˠèǹ ‘grass’, ɾʷen̄ ‘bottle’, ɾˠuủ ‘bark’, ʁʲan̄ ‘hunter’, ʁˠénéñ ‘boy’, ʜˠa̠ ‘stone’, βˤaǹ ‘fish’, ᵏǀʷ̃ ‘tower’, ᵏǀʼʷènèn̄ ‘son’, ᵏǃʰʷaỉ ‘egg’, ᵑǀʼˤónóǹ ‘river’, ᵑǃˤiì ‘wing’.
Gender neut – for instance: dʱˤin̄ ‘book’, dʲinin̉ ‘seed’, mˠoò ‘earth’, nʷo̠ ‘name’, pʰʲĩ ‘surface’, tʲënën̄ ‘snake’, t͡ʂʲỉ ‘north’, ðʲà ‘west’, ɓʲun̉ ‘child’, ɸˠó́ ‘night’, ɹˤèn̄ ‘box’, ɻʲïn̉ ‘colour’, ʂʲiỉ ‘Shi’, ʃʲ̃ ‘tiger’, ʄˠón̠ ‘top’, ʈʲï̉ ‘rope’, ʐˠẻ ‘ash’, ʕˠunuǹ ‘faeces’, ᵏǀˤ́ ‘human being’, ᵏǃʼˠenen̠ ‘dust’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Shi can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|βʲ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|xʲ|ɔi|꜖|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|htʷ|e#ː|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut">|d͡zʲ|o|</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|pʰʲ|u#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ʡʲ|ɘ|꜖꜒|</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɭˠ|o#ː|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur">|ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|βʲ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|βʲ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|xʲ|ɔi|꜖|</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|htʷ|e#ː|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|htʷ|e##ː|꜖꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut">|d͡zʲ|o|</thingy> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|pʰʲ|u#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|pʰʲ|u##|̰꜒|</word> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ʡʲ|ɘ|꜖꜒|</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɭˠ|o#ː|̰꜖|</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɭˠ|o##ː|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur">|ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |βʲ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> βʲu##ː꜒꜖
### |βʲ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> βʲu##ː꜒꜖
### |xʲ|ɔi|꜖|
#-> xʲɔi꜖
### |xʲ|ɔi|꜖|
#-> xʲɔi꜖
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |htʷ|e##ː|꜖꜒|
#-> htʷe##ː꜖꜒
### |htʷ|e##ː|꜖꜒|
#-> htʷe##ː꜖꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |d͡zʲ|o|
#-> d͡zʲo
### |d͡zʲ|o|
#-> d͡zʲo
### |pʰʲ|u##|̰꜒|
#-> pʰʲu##̰꜒
### |pʰʲ|u##|̰꜒|
#-> pʰʲu##̰꜒
### |ʡʲ|ɘ|꜖꜒|
#-> ʡʲɘ꜖꜒
### |ʡʲ|ɘ|꜖꜒|
#-> ʡʲɘ꜖꜒
### |ɭˠ|o##ː|̰꜖|
#-> ɭˠo##ː̰꜖
### |ɭˠ|o##ː|̰꜖|
#-> ɭˠo##ː̰꜖
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖
### |ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ᵏǃˤᵊ
### |ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ᵏǃˤᵊ
### |tʼˠ|u#||βʲ|u##ː|꜒꜖| |xʲ|ɔi|꜖| |tʼˠ|u#||htʷ|e##ː|꜖꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |h|ɘ##|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |d͡zʲ|o| |pʰʲ|u##|̰꜒| |ʡʲ|ɘ|꜖꜒| |ɭˠ|o##ː|̰꜖| |tʼˠ|u||ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖| |ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> tʼˠu#βʲu##ː꜒꜖ xʲɔi꜖ tʼˠu#htʷe##ː꜖꜒ bʲɔ#ː hɘ##̰꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# d͡zʲo pʰʲu##̰꜒ ʡʲɘ꜖꜒ ɭˠo##ː̰꜖ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|βʲ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|xʲ|ɔi|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|htʷ|e##ː|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut">|d͡zʲ|o|</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|pʰʲ|u##|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ʡʲ|ɘ|꜖꜒|</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɭˠ|o##ː|̰꜖|</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur">|ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">βʲũ̃ː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʲɔi꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">htʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɘ̰̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zʲo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡʲɘ꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɬʲa꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.plur</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠũβʲũ̃ː꜒꜖ xʲɔi꜖ tʼˠũhtʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ d͡zʲo pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒ ʡʲɘ꜖꜒ ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ</p>
+ <p>tʼˠunβʲun#ː̀ Xʲɔi̠ tʼˠunhtʷén#ː́ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin d͡zʲó pʰʲun#̃ ʡʲë́ ɭˠón#ː̉ tʼˠuɬʲà ᵏǃˤ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>βʲũ̃ː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʲɔi꜖</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>htʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɘ̰̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>d͡zʲo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʡʲɘ꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɬʲa꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃˤᵊ</o>
+ <g>ACC.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠũβʲũ̃ː꜒꜖ xʲɔi꜖ tʼˠũhtʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ d͡zʲo pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒ ʡʲɘ꜖꜒ ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ#-> tʼˠũβʲũ̃ː꜒꜖ xʲɔi꜖ tʼˠũhtʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ d͡zʲo pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒ ʡʲɘ꜖꜒ ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ
Tʼˠunβʲun#ː̀ Xʲɔi̠ tʼˠunhtʷén#ː́ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin d͡zʲó pʰʲun#̃ ʡʲë́ ɭˠón#ː̉ tʼˠuɬʲà ᵏǃˤ. [tʼˠũβʲũ̃ː꜒꜖ xʲɔi꜖ tʼˠũhtʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ d͡zʲo pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒ ʡʲɘ꜖꜒ ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ] tʼˠũ- def βʲũ̃ː꜒꜖ woman xʲɔi꜖ COMIT tʼˠũ- def htʷẽ̃ː꜖꜒ knife bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing hɘ̰̃̃꜒ catch kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative d͡zʲo 3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut pʰʲṵ̃̃꜒ yon ʡʲɘ꜖꜒ three ɭˠõ̃ː̰꜖ blind tʼˠu- def ɬʲa꜒꜖ mouse ᵏǃˤᵊ ACC.plur “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing case.number. a clitic expressing case.number, comprising bʲonon /bʲɔ#ː/ ‘NOM.sing’, htˤo /htˤɔ/ ‘NOM.plur’, ʜˠa /ʜˠa/ ‘ACC.sing’, ᵏǃˤ /ᵏǃˤᵊ/ ‘ACC.plur’, ʁˤ /ʁˤᵊ/ ‘GEN.sing’, ʄˠè /ʄˠɜ/ ‘GEN.plur’, ɽˠanan /ɽˠa#ː/ ‘DAT.sing’, ᵑǀˤo /ᵑǀˤɔ/ ‘DAT.plur’, ᵏǃʲi /ᵏǃʲi/ ‘INS.sing’, ᵏǀʼʲónón /ᵏǀʼʲo#ː/ ‘INS.plur’, ɢˤé /ɢˤe/ ‘VOC.sing’, ᵑǃˠe /ᵑǃˠɛ/ ‘VOC.plur’, ɦ /ɦᵊ/ ‘ALL.sing’, ɾˤi /ɾˤi/ ‘ALL.plur’, ʛˤii /ʛˤiː/ ‘LOC.sing’, t͡ʂˠenen /t͡ʂˠɛ#ː/ ‘LOC.plur’, sʲo /sʲɔ/ ‘ABL.sing’, pˠo /pˠɔ/ ‘ABL.plur’, quhén /kʰʷe#/ ‘PART.sing’ and ᵑǃʼʲonon /ᵑǃʼʲɔ#ː/ ‘PART.plur’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Shi.
The Noun
The noun in Shi consists of an optional prefix expressing def, comprising tʼˠu- /tʼˠu-/ ‘def’ followed by the root.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 39 suffixes, namely -dʱˠi /-dʱˠi/ ‘little’, -ɾˤëë /-ɾˤɘː/ ‘big’, -quhin /-kʰʷi#/ ‘old’, -ɴˠe /-ɴˠɛ/ ‘new’, -pʰˤin /-pʰˤi#/ ‘good’, -ɖˠe /-ɖˠɛ/ ‘bad’, -nʷonon /-nʷɔ#ː/ ‘make’, -ʡʲon /-ʡʲɔ#/ ‘help’, -r̥ˤin /-r̥ˤi#/ ‘have’, -χʲun /-χʲu#/ ‘use’, -ɠʲoo /-ɠʲɔː/ ‘see’, -tʼʲunun /-tʼʲu#ː/ ‘break’, -ʁʷën /-ʁʷɘ#/ ‘eat’, -tˤonon /-tˤɔ#ː/ ‘drink’, -ðˤëë /-ðˤɘː/ ‘wear’, -tʼˠi /-tʼˠi/ ‘own’, -ʕˠee /-ʕˠɛː/ ‘contain’, -r̥ˤó /-r̥ˤo/ ‘hold’, -t͡ʂˠë /-t͡ʂˠɘ/ ‘lack’, -sʷa /-sʷa/ ‘touch’, -ʄʲï /-ʄʲɨ/ ‘carry’, -χˤu /-χˤu/ ‘find’, -n̥ʲënën /-n̥ʲɘ#ː/ ‘hunt’, -k͡xʲan /-k͡xʲa#/ ‘guard’, -lʲënën /-lʲɘ#ː/ ‘search’, -ɻˠa /-ɻˠa/ ‘learn’, -ʈʰˠéé /-ʈʰˠeː/ ‘teach’, -d͡zˠï /-d͡zˠɨ/ ‘follow’, -ɮʲinin /-ɮʲi#ː/ ‘chase’, -hkʷii /-hkʷiː/ ‘build’, -lʲ /-lʲᵊ/ ‘burn’, -βʲonon /-βʲɔ#ː/ ‘hit’, -ɮˠe /-ɮˠɛ/ ‘take’, -ʋˤo /-ʋˤɔ/ ‘cut’, -gʱʷa /-gʱʷa/ ‘hear’, -ðˤ /-ðˤᵊ/ ‘know’, -ħʲó /-ħʲo/ ‘love’, -χʲéé /-χʲeː/ ‘protect’ and -χʲe /-χʲɛ/ ‘possess’
The Adjective
In Shi, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising -dʱˠi /-dʱˠi/ ‘masc’ and -ħʲé /-ħʲe/ ‘fem’.
Numerals
The numeral in Shi stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Shi stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Shi stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for happy/adj/gender/optional
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ʈʲ|a|꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur">|htˤ|ɔ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut">|ɓʲ|ᵊ|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ɹʷ|o|̰꜒|</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵏǁʼʲ|ɘ|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ᵑǁʼˠ|ai|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ʈʲ|a|꜖|#-> ʈʲa꜖
### |ʈʲ|a|꜖|
#-> ʈʲa꜖
### |htˤ|ɔ|
#-> htˤɔ
### |htˤ|ɔ|
#-> htˤɔ
### |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> k͡xˤɜ̰꜖
### |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> k͡xˤɜ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɓʲ|ᵊ|
#-> ɓʲᵊ
### |ɓʲ|ᵊ|
#-> ɓʲᵊ
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|
#-> ʃʲᵊ̰꜒
### |ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|
#-> ʃʲᵊ̰꜒
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ɹʷ|o|̰꜒|
#-> ɹʷo̰꜒
### |ɹʷ|o|̰꜒|
#-> ɹʷo̰꜒
### |ᵏǁʼʲ|ɘ|̰꜒|
#-> ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒
### |ᵏǁʼʲ|ɘ|̰꜒|
#-> ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒
### |ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|
#-> ħʲɨ̰꜖
### |ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|
#-> ħʲɨ̰꜖
### |ᵑǁʼˠ|ai|̰꜒|
#-> ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒
### |ᵑǁʼˠ|ai|̰꜒|
#-> ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ʈʲ|a|꜖| |htˤ|ɔ| |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ɓʲ|ᵊ| |tʼˠ|u||ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒| |ʜˠ|a| |ɹʷ|o|̰꜒| |ᵏǁʼʲ|ɘ|̰꜒| |ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖| |ᵑǁʼˠ|ai|̰꜒| |hpˤ|i#|
#-> ʈʲa꜖ htˤɔ k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ɓʲᵊ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ ʜˠa ɹʷo̰꜒ ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒ ħʲɨ̰꜖ ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒ hpˤi#
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ʈʲ|a|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.plur">|htˤ|ɔ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.3.sing.neut">|ɓʲ|ᵊ|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ɹʷ|o|̰꜒|</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵏǁʼʲ|ɘ|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ᵑǁʼˠ|ai|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʲa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">htˤɔ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xˤɜ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓʲᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃʲᵊ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹʷo̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ħʲɨ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ʈʲa꜖ htˤɔ k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲᵊ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ ʜˠa ɹʷo̰꜒ ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒ ħʲɨ̰꜖ ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒ hpˤĩ</p>
+ <p>ʈʲa̠ htˤo k͡xˤè̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɓʲ tʼˠuʃʲ̃ ʜˠa ɹʷó̃ ᵏǁʼʲë̃ ħʲï̉ ᵑǁʼˠaĩ hpˤin</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈʲa꜖</o>
+ <g>1excl.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>htˤɔ</o>
+ <g>NOM.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xˤɜ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓʲᵊ</o>
+ <g>1excl.plur.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃʲᵊ̰꜒</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹʷo̰꜒</o>
+ <g>because</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒</o>
+ <g>1incl.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ħʲɨ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒</o>
+ <g>happy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ʈʲa꜖ htˤɔ k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲᵊ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ ʜˠa ɹʷo̰꜒ ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒ ħʲɨ̰꜖ ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒ hpˤĩ#-> ʈʲa꜖ htˤɔ k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲᵊ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ ʜˠa ɹʷo̰꜒ ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒ ħʲɨ̰꜖ ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒ hpˤĩ
Ʈʲa̠ htˤo k͡xˤè̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɓʲ tʼˠuʃʲ̃ ʜˠa ɹʷó̃ ᵏǁʼʲë̃ ħʲï̉ ᵑǁʼˠaĩ hpˤin. [ʈʲa꜖ htˤɔ k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲᵊ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ ʜˠa ɹʷo̰꜒ ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒ ħʲɨ̰꜖ ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒ hpˤĩ] ʈʲa꜖ 1excl.plur htˤɔ NOM.plur k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kill kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ɓʲᵊ 1excl.plur.3.sing.neut tʼˠu- def ʃʲᵊ̰꜒ tiger ʜˠa ACC.sing ɹʷo̰꜒ because ᵏǁʼʲɘ̰꜒ 1incl.plur ħʲɨ̰꜖ be ᵑǁʼˠaḭ꜒ happy hpˤĩ indicative “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o|||||</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o#|||||</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### -|ħʲ||o#|||||
#-> -ħʲo#
### -|ħʲ||o#|||||
#-> -ħʲo#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɮˠ|e##|꜒||ħʲ||o#||||| |hpˤ|i#|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ɮˠe##꜒ħʲo# hpˤi#
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o#|||||</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɮˠẽ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ħʲõ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ</p>
+ <p>ɹˠun#ː̀ bʲonon ɮˠén#̄ħʲón hpˤin</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɮˠẽ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ħʲõ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ#-> ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ
ɹˠun#ː̀ bʲonon ɮˠén#̄ħʲón hpˤin. [ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ] ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ 3.sing.masc bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɮˠẽ̃꜒ girl -ħʲõ love hpˤĩ indicative “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o|||||</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o#|||||</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### -|ħʲ||o#|||||
#-> -ħʲo#
### -|ħʲ||o#|||||
#-> -ħʲo#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɮˠ|e##|꜒||ħʲ||o#||||| |hpˤ|i#|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ɮˠe##꜒ħʲo# hpˤi#
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o#|||||</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɮˠẽ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ħʲõ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ</p>
+ <p>ɹˠun#ː̀ bʲonon ɮˠén#̄ħʲón hpˤin</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɮˠẽ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ħʲõ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ#-> ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ
ɹˠun#ː̀ bʲonon ɮˠén#̄ħʲón hpˤin. [ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ] ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ 3.sing.masc bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɮˠẽ̃꜒ girl -ħʲõ love hpˤĩ indicative “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o|||||</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o#|||||</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### -|ħʲ||o#|||||
#-> -ħʲo#
### -|ħʲ||o#|||||
#-> -ħʲo#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɮˠ|e##|꜒||ħʲ||o#||||| |hpˤ|i#|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ɮˠe##꜒ħʲo# hpˤi#
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ħʲ||o#|||||</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɮˠẽ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ħʲõ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ</p>
+ <p>ɹˠun#ː̀ bʲonon ɮˠén#̄ħʲón hpˤin</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɮˠẽ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ħʲõ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ#-> ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ
ɹˠun#ː̀ bʲonon ɮˠén#̄ħʲón hpˤin. [ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɮˠẽ̃꜒ħʲõ hpˤĩ] ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ 3.sing.masc bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɮˠẽ̃꜒ girl -ħʲõ love hpˤĩ indicative “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Hi hates K."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Hi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʜʲ|i|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǃʼʲ|o#|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem">|βˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="K" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|ᵑǃʼʷ|ɘ|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Hi hates K.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Hi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʜʲ|i|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǃʼʲ|o#|̰꜒|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǃʼʲ|o##|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem">|βˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="K" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|ᵑǃʼʷ|ɘ|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |tʼˠ|u|-#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ʜʲ|i|꜒|
#-> ʜʲi꜒
### |ʜʲ|i|꜒|
#-> ʜʲi꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ᵏǃʼʲ|o##|̰꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʼʲo##̰꜒
### |ᵏǃʼʲ|o##|̰꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʼʲo##̰꜒
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |βˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> βˤɘ#ː
### |βˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> βˤɘ#ː
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ᵑǃʼʷ|ɘ|꜖꜒|
#-> ᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒
### |ᵑǃʼʷ|ɘ|꜖꜒|
#-> ᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |tʼˠ|u||ʜʲ|i|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ᵏǃʼʲ|o##|̰꜒| |hpˤ|i#| |βˤ|ɘ#ː| |tʼˠ|u||ᵑǃʼʷ|ɘ|꜖꜒| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> tʼˠuʜʲi꜒ bʲɔ#ː ᵏǃʼʲo##̰꜒ hpˤi# βˤɘ#ː tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Hi hates K.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Hi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʜʲ|i|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǃʼʲ|o##|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem">|βˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="K" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|ᵑǃʼʷ|ɘ|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜʲi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">Hi</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">βˤɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">K</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠuʜʲi꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒ hpˤĩ βˤɘ̃ː tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>tʼˠuʜʲī bʲonon ᵏǃʼʲón#̃ hpˤin βˤënën tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷë́ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜʲi꜒</o>
+ <g>Hi</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒</o>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>βˤɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>K</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠuʜʲi꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒ hpˤĩ βˤɘ̃ː tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒ ʜˠa#-> tʼˠuʜʲi꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒ hpˤĩ βˤɘ̃ː tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒ ʜˠa
Tʼˠuʜʲī bʲonon ᵏǃʼʲón#̃ hpˤin βˤënën tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷë́ ʜˠa. [tʼˠuʜʲi꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒ hpˤĩ βˤɘ̃ː tʼˠuᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒ ʜˠa] tʼˠu- def ʜʲi꜒ Hi bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ᵏǃʼʲõ̰̃꜒ hate hpˤĩ indicative βˤɘ̃ː 3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem tʼˠu- def ᵑǃʼʷɘ꜖꜒ K ʜˠa ACC.sing “Hi hates K.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </example>About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e#ː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e#ː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|
#-> ʁˠe##ː̰꜒
### |ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|
#-> ʁˠe##ː̰꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |tʼˠ|u#||ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒| |tʼˠ|u||j|ɔː|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> tʼˠu#ʁˠe##ː̰꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɔː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>tʼˠunʁˠén#ː̃ tʼˠuyoò bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɔː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː#-> tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː
tʼˠunʁˠén#ː̃ tʼˠuyoò bʲonon [tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː] tʼˠũ- def ʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ boy tʼˠu- def jɔː꜒꜖ apple bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɹˠ|u#ː|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖| |tʼˠ|u||j|ɔː|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> ɹˠu##ː꜒꜖ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɹˠ|u##ː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɔː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>ɹˠun#ː̀ tʼˠuyoò bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɔː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː#-> ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː
ɹˠun#ː̀ tʼˠuyoò bʲonon [ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː] ɹˠũ̃ː꜒꜖ 3.sing.masc tʼˠu- def jɔː꜒꜖ apple bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |tʼˠ|u||j|ɔː|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɔː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ tʼˠuyoò bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɔː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː
ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ tʼˠuyoò bʲonon [ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠujɔː꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː] ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing tʼˠu- def jɔː꜒꜖ apple bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|k͡xˠ|a|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|qʲ|ɘ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|k͡xˠ|a|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|qʲ|ɘ|̰꜖|</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|
#-> ʁˤɛ̰꜖
### |ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|
#-> ʁˤɛ̰꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |k͡xˠ|a|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xˠa̰꜒
### |k͡xˠ|a|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xˠa̰꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> pʰˤɘ#ː
### |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> pʰˤɘ#ː
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |qʲ|ɘ|̰꜖|
#-> qʲɘ̰꜖
### |qʲ|ɘ|̰꜖|
#-> qʲɘ̰꜖
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʼʷɜ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʼʷɜ##ː꜒
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |tʼˠ|u#||ʁʲ|a##|꜒| |tʼˠ|u||ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |k͡xˠ|a|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː| |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒| |tʼˠ|u||qʲ|ɘ|̰꜖| |tʼˠ|u#||ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> tʼˠu#ʁʲa##꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ bʲɔ#ː k͡xˠa̰꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# pʰˤɘ#ː k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠuqʲɘ̰꜖ tʼˠu#ᵏǀʼʷɜ##ː꜒ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|k͡xˠ|a|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|qʲ|ɘ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁʲã̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˤɛ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xˠa̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰˤɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xʲṵ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʲɘ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˠa̰꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠuqʲɘ̰꜖ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ tʼˠuʁˤẻ bʲonon k͡xˠã kʰˠënën hpˤin pʰˤënën k͡xʲũ tʼˠuqʲë̉ tʼˠunᵏǀʼʷèn#ː̄ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁʲã̃꜒</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁˤɛ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xˠa̰꜒</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pʰˤɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xʲṵ꜒</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>qʲɘ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˠa̰꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠuqʲɘ̰꜖ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ ʜˠa#-> tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˠa̰꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠuqʲɘ̰꜖ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ ʜˠa
Tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ tʼˠuʁˤẻ bʲonon k͡xˠã kʰˠënën hpˤin pʰˤënën k͡xʲũ tʼˠuqʲë̉ tʼˠunᵏǀʼʷèn#ː̄ ʜˠa. [tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˠa̰꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠuqʲɘ̰꜖ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ ʜˠa] tʼˠũ- def ʁʲã̃꜒ hunter tʼˠu- def ʁˤɛ̰꜖ daughter bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing k͡xˠa̰꜒ kiss kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative pʰˤɘ̃ː 3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut k͡xʲṵ꜒ 2.sing tʼˠu- def qʲɘ̰꜖ neighbour tʼˠũ- def ᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ son ʜˠa ACC.sing “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/def/optional
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒| |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷo##꜒ bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤuː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄ bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤuː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː
dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄ bʲonon [dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː] dʱˤuː̰꜒ a ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ lamb bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “a lamb” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/def/optional
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒| |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒||dʱˠ||i#||||| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷo##꜒dʱˠi# bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤuː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dʱˠĩ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤuː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-dʱˠĩ</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː
dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin bʲonon [dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː] dʱˤuː̰꜒ a ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ lamb -dʱˠĩ little bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “a little lamb” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/def/optionaladdaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc">|ħʲ|ɔː|</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc">|ħʲ|ɔː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ħʲ|ɔː|
#-> ħʲɔː
### |ħʲ|ɔː|
#-> ħʲɔː
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ħʲ|ɔː| |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒| |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒||dʱˠ||i#||||| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ħʲɔː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷo##꜒dʱˠi# ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc">|ħʲ|ɔː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠo̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ħʲɔː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤuː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dʱˠĩ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>ᵑǀˤó̀ bʲonon ɹˠó̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ħʲoo dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠo̰꜖</o>
+ <g>have</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ħʲɔː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤuː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-dʱˠĩ</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ ʜˠa#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ ʜˠa
ᵑǀˤó̀ bʲonon ɹˠó̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ħʲoo dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin ʜˠa. [ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ ʜˠa] ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ 3.sing.fem bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɹˠo̰꜖ have kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ħʲɔː 3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc dʱˤuː̰꜒ a ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ lamb -dʱˠĩ little ʜˠa ACC.sing “She had a little lamb.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_verb
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- </np>
- </subs>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> + <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|tʼˤ||iː|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### -|tʼˤ||iː|||||
#-> -tʼˤiː
### -|tʼˤ||iː|||||
#-> -tʼˤiː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖||tʼˤ||iː||||| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ɹˠo̰꜖tʼˤiː kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi#
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy>
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|tʼˤ||iː|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠo̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tʼˤiː</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖tʼˤiː kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ</p>
+ <p>ᵑǀˤó̀ bʲonon ɹˠó̉tʼˤii kʰˠënën hpˤin</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠo̰꜖</o>
+ <g>have</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tʼˤiː</o>
+ <g>want</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖tʼˤiː kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖tʼˤiː kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ
ᵑǀˤó̀ bʲonon ɹˠó̉tʼˤii kʰˠënën hpˤin. [ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖tʼˤiː kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ] ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ 3.sing.fem bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɹˠo̰꜖ have -tʼˤiː want kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/def/optionaladdaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a#|̰꜒|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|
#-> ʈˠa##̰꜒
### |ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|
#-> ʈˠa##̰꜒
### |r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|
#-> r̥ˤa꜖꜒
### |r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|
#-> r̥ˤa꜖꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> pʰˤɘ#ː
### |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> pʰˤɘ#ː
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖| |ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒| |r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː| |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒| |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒||dʱˠ||i#||||| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠa##̰꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# pʰˤɘ#ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷo##꜒dʱˠi# bʲɔ#ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
removetags:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈˠã̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">r̥ˤa꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰˤɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤuː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dʱˠĩ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠo̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</p>
+ <p>ᵑǀˤó̀ ʈˠan#̃ r̥ˤá kʰˠënën hpˤin pʰˤënën dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin bʲonon ɹˠó̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵏǁʰʲïï̠</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈˠã̰̃꜒</o>
+ <g>want</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>r̥ˤa꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>often</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pʰˤɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤuː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-dʱˠĩ</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠo̰꜖</o>
+ <g>have</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
ᵑǀˤó̀ ʈˠan#̃ r̥ˤá kʰˠënën hpˤin pʰˤënën dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin bʲonon ɹˠó̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵏǁʰʲïï̠. [ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖] ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ 3.sing.fem ʈˠã̰̃꜒ want r̥ˤa꜖꜒ often kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative pʰˤɘ̃ː 3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut dʱˤuː̰꜒ a ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ lamb -dʱˠĩ little bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɹˠo̰꜖ have kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ COMP “She often wanted to have a little lamb.” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>think</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>think</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/def/optionaladdaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q">|ʜʲ|ᵊ|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">|vʲ|o#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀˤ|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">|xʲ|ɔi|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q">|ʜʲ|ᵊ|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">|vʲ|o#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀˤ|iː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">|xʲ|ɔi|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a#|̰꜒|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o#|꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i|||||</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ʜʲ|ᵊ|
#-> ʜʲᵊ
### |ʜʲ|ᵊ|
#-> ʜʲᵊ
### |ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|
#-> ħʲɨ̰꜖
### |ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|
#-> ħʲɨ̰꜖
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |vʲ|o#ː|
#-> vʲo#ː
### |vʲ|o#ː|
#-> vʲo#ː
### |ᵏǀˤ|iː|
#-> ᵏǀˤiː
### |ᵏǀˤ|iː|
#-> ᵏǀˤiː
### |xʲ|ɔi|̰꜒|
#-> xʲɔḭ꜒
### |xʲ|ɔi|̰꜒|
#-> xʲɔḭ꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|
#-> ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖
### |ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|
#-> ʈˠa##̰꜒
### |ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|
#-> ʈˠa##̰꜒
### |r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|
#-> r̥ˤa꜖꜒
### |r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|
#-> r̥ˤa꜖꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> pʰˤɘ#ː
### |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|
#-> pʰˤɘ#ː
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|
#-> ᵏǃʷo##꜒
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### -|dʱˠ||i#|||||
#-> -dʱˠi#
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|
#-> ɹˠo̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ʜʲ|ᵊ| |ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖| |hpˤ|i#| |vʲ|o#ː| |ᵏǀˤ|iː| |xʲ|ɔi|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖| |ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒| |r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |pʰˤ|ɘ#ː| |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒| |ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒||dʱˠ||i#||||| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɹˠ|o|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖| |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖| |ʜˠ|a| |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒ bʲɔ#ː ʜʲᵊ ħʲɨ̰꜖ hpˤi# vʲo#ː ᵏǀˤiː xʲɔḭ꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠa##̰꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# pʰˤɘ#ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷo##꜒dʱˠi# bʲɔ#ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="Q">|ʜʲ|ᵊ|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|ħʲ|ɨ|̰꜖|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">|vʲ|o#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀˤ|iː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">|xʲ|ɔi|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|ᵑǀˤ|o|꜒꜖|</word>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|ʈˠ|a##|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|r̥ˤ|a|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut">|pʰˤ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ᵏǃʷ|o##|꜒|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|dʱˠ||i#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɹˠ|o|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xʲṵ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜʲᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ħʲɨ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">vʲõː</span><br><span class="gls">NEG</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀˤiː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʲɔḭ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">think</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈˠã̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">r̥ˤa꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰˤɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤuː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dʱˠĩ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˠo̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>k͡xʲṵ꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ʜʲᵊ ħʲɨ̰꜖ hpˤĩ vʲõː ᵏǀˤiː xʲɔḭ꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>k͡xʲũ bʲonon ʜʲ ħʲï̉ hpˤin vʲónón ᵏǀˤii xʲɔĩ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵑǀˤó̀ ʈˠan#̃ r̥ˤá kʰˠënën hpˤin pʰˤënën dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin bʲonon ɹˠó̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xʲṵ꜒</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜʲᵊ</o>
+ <g>Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ħʲɨ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>vʲõː</o>
+ <g>NEG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀˤiː</o>
+ <g>2.sing.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʲɔḭ꜒</o>
+ <g>think</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈˠã̰̃꜒</o>
+ <g>want</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>r̥ˤa꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>often</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pʰˤɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤuː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-dʱˠĩ</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˠo̰꜖</o>
+ <g>have</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### k͡xʲṵ꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ʜʲᵊ ħʲɨ̰꜖ hpˤĩ vʲõː ᵏǀˤiː xʲɔḭ꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ʜʲᵊ ħʲɨ̰꜖ hpˤĩ vʲõː ᵏǀˤiː xʲɔḭ꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa
K͡xʲũ bʲonon ʜʲ ħʲï̉ hpˤin vʲónón ᵏǀˤii xʲɔĩ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵑǀˤó̀ ʈˠan#̃ r̥ˤá kʰˠënën hpˤin pʰˤënën dʱˤuũ ᵏǃʷón#̄dʱˠin bʲonon ɹˠó̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ ʜˠa? [k͡xʲṵ꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ʜʲᵊ ħʲɨ̰꜖ hpˤĩ vʲõː ᵏǀˤiː xʲɔḭ꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ ʈˠã̰̃꜒ r̥ˤa꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ pʰˤɘ̃ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒dʱˠĩ bʲɔ̃ː ɹˠo̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ ʜˠa] k͡xʲṵ꜒ 2.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ʜʲᵊ Q ħʲɨ̰꜖ be hpˤĩ indicative vʲõː NEG ᵏǀˤiː 2.sing.3.sing.neut xʲɔḭ꜒ think kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ᵑǀˤo꜒꜖ 3.sing.fem ʈˠã̰̃꜒ want r̥ˤa꜖꜒ often kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative pʰˤɘ̃ː 3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut dʱˤuː̰꜒ a ᵏǃʷõ̃꜒ lamb -dʱˠĩ little bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɹˠo̰꜖ have kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ COMP ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ COMP ʜˠa ACC.sing ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ COMP ʜˠa ACC.sing “Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?” | (16) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Shi fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing question, comprising ʜʲ /ʜʲᵊ/ ‘Q’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising kʰˠënën /kʰˠɘ#ː/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing mode, comprising hpˤin /hpˤi#/ ‘indicative’, ᵏǃʰʷe /ᵏǃʰʷɛ/ ‘conditional’ and ʒˠó /ʒˠo/ ‘optative’; fourth, a clitic expressing voice, comprising yèè /jɜː/ ‘passive’; fifth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising vʲónón /vʲo#ː/ ‘NEG’; sixth, a clitic expressing subj.obj, comprising qʲó /qʲo/ ‘1incl.sing.none’, zʲu /zʲu/ ‘1incl.sing.1incl.sing’, mˤón /mˤo#/ ‘1incl.sing.1excl.sing’, ʁˤi /ʁˤi/ ‘1incl.sing.2.sing’, kʰˤén /kʰˤe#/ ‘1incl.sing.3.sing.masc’, ɺˠïï /ɺˠɨː/ ‘1incl.sing.3.sing.fem’, hkʲ /hkʲᵊ/ ‘1incl.sing.3.sing.neut’, hkʷonon /hkʷɔ#ː/ ‘1incl.sing.1incl.plur’, θˠón /θˠo#/ ‘1incl.sing.1excl.plur’, ɴʲï /ɴʲɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.2.plur’, ɹʷé /ɹʷe/ ‘1incl.sing.3.plur.masc’, ŋˠï /ŋˠɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.3.plur.fem’, nʲë /nʲɘ/ ‘1incl.sing.3.plur.neut’, ɴʷ /ɴʷᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.none’, q͡χˤuu /q͡χˤuː/ ‘1excl.sing.1incl.sing’, θˠë /θˠɘ/ ‘1excl.sing.1excl.sing’, ᵑǀʷon /ᵑǀʷɔ#/ ‘1excl.sing.2.sing’, ɺʲa /ɺʲa/ ‘1excl.sing.3.sing.masc’, ɮˠ /ɮˠᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.3.sing.fem’, nˤ /nˤᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.3.sing.neut’, ɴʷó /ɴʷo/ ‘1excl.sing.1incl.plur’, ɡʷó /ɡʷo/ ‘1excl.sing.1excl.plur’, pʼˠé /pʼˠe/ ‘1excl.sing.2.plur’, ɹʲè /ɹʲɜ/ ‘1excl.sing.3.plur.masc’, ŋ̥ˠaa /ŋ̥ˠaː/ ‘1excl.sing.3.plur.fem’, p͡fʲë /p͡fʲɘ/ ‘1excl.sing.3.plur.neut’, ᵑǁˠ /ᵑǁˠᵊ/ ‘2.sing.none’, tʼˠu /tʼˠu/ ‘2.sing.1incl.sing’, ᵏǃˠo /ᵏǃˠɔ/ ‘2.sing.1excl.sing’, rˤee /rˤɛː/ ‘2.sing.2.sing’, quhïnïn /kʰʷɨ#ː/ ‘2.sing.3.sing.masc’, ᵏǃʲën /ᵏǃʲɘ#/ ‘2.sing.3.sing.fem’, ᵏǀˤii /ᵏǀˤiː/ ‘2.sing.3.sing.neut’, θʲi /θʲi/ ‘2.sing.1incl.plur’, ðˤë /ðˤɘ/ ‘2.sing.1excl.plur’, pʲ /pʲᵊ/ ‘2.sing.2.plur’, ðˠ /ðˠᵊ/ ‘2.sing.3.plur.masc’, ʄʲu /ʄʲu/ ‘2.sing.3.plur.fem’, ŋʲi /ŋʲi/ ‘2.sing.3.plur.neut’, qˠa /qˠa/ ‘3.sing.masc.none’, θʲaa /θʲaː/ ‘3.sing.masc.1incl.sing’, ɓˤóó /ɓˤoː/ ‘3.sing.masc.1excl.sing’, ɡʷa /ɡʷa/ ‘3.sing.masc.2.sing’, ᵑǃˤ /ᵑǃˤᵊ/ ‘3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc’, βˤënën /βˤɘ#ː/ ‘3.sing.masc.3.sing.fem’, ᵏǃʰʷénén /ᵏǃʰʷe#ː/ ‘3.sing.masc.3.sing.neut’, ᵏǃʰʲan /ᵏǃʰʲa#/ ‘3.sing.masc.1incl.plur’, ʁˠa /ʁˠa/ ‘3.sing.masc.1excl.plur’, ʋˠenen /ʋˠɛ#ː/ ‘3.sing.masc.2.plur’, ᵑǀʲii /ᵑǀʲiː/ ‘3.sing.masc.3.plur.masc’, ɬʲi /ɬʲi/ ‘3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem’, ʛʷonon /ʛʷɔ#ː/ ‘3.sing.masc.3.plur.neut’, ɓˠï /ɓˠɨ/ ‘3.sing.fem.none’, θʷo /θʷɔ/ ‘3.sing.fem.1incl.sing’, tʰʲanan /tʰʲa#ː/ ‘3.sing.fem.1excl.sing’, ʕˠe /ʕˠɛ/ ‘3.sing.fem.2.sing’, ħʲoo /ħʲɔː/ ‘3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc’, ᵏǀʰʲó /ᵏǀʰʲo/ ‘3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem’, pʰˤënën /pʰˤɘ#ː/ ‘3.sing.fem.3.sing.neut’, tʰʲè /tʰʲɜ/ ‘3.sing.fem.1incl.plur’, ɢˠee /ɢˠɛː/ ‘3.sing.fem.1excl.plur’, ᵏǀˠi /ᵏǀˠi/ ‘3.sing.fem.2.plur’, ᵏǀʰˤi /ᵏǀʰˤi/ ‘3.sing.fem.3.plur.masc’, ᵑǀʼʲaa /ᵑǀʼʲaː/ ‘3.sing.fem.3.plur.fem’, d͡zʲó /d͡zʲo/ ‘3.sing.fem.3.plur.neut’, ɴʲén /ɴʲe#/ ‘3.sing.neut.none’, ɣʲa /ɣʲa/ ‘3.sing.neut.1incl.sing’, ɠˠïï /ɠˠɨː/ ‘3.sing.neut.1excl.sing’, rˠi /rˠi/ ‘3.sing.neut.2.sing’, dʷe /dʷɛ/ ‘3.sing.neut.3.sing.masc’, ʕˠé /ʕˠe/ ‘3.sing.neut.3.sing.fem’, ɓˤ /ɓˤᵊ/ ‘3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut’, ᵏǀʼʲi /ᵏǀʼʲi/ ‘3.sing.neut.1incl.plur’, hpˠë /hpˠɘ/ ‘3.sing.neut.1excl.plur’, rʷi /rʷi/ ‘3.sing.neut.2.plur’, hkˤë /hkˤɘ/ ‘3.sing.neut.3.plur.masc’, ɣʷa /ɣʷa/ ‘3.sing.neut.3.plur.fem’, vˤënën /vˤɘ#ː/ ‘3.sing.neut.3.plur.neut’, ɸʲan /ɸʲa#/ ‘1incl.plur.none’, tˠaa /tˠaː/ ‘1incl.plur.1incl.sing’, tʷa /tʷa/ ‘1incl.plur.1excl.sing’, bʲe /bʲɛ/ ‘1incl.plur.2.sing’, ɽˠën /ɽˠɘ#/ ‘1incl.plur.3.sing.masc’, qʼʷó /qʼʷo/ ‘1incl.plur.3.sing.fem’, xˤé /xˤe/ ‘1incl.plur.3.sing.neut’, ᵑǀʼʲe /ᵑǀʼʲɛ/ ‘1incl.plur.1incl.plur’, ᵑǁʼʲóó /ᵑǁʼʲoː/ ‘1incl.plur.1excl.plur’, kʼˤé /kʼˤe/ ‘1incl.plur.2.plur’, ðˤó /ðˤo/ ‘1incl.plur.3.plur.masc’, hʈʲen /hʈʲɛ#/ ‘1incl.plur.3.plur.fem’, tʰˠuu /tʰˠuː/ ‘1incl.plur.3.plur.neut’, ʈˠun /ʈˠu#/ ‘1excl.plur.none’, ᵏǃʰʷee /ᵏǃʰʷɛː/ ‘1excl.plur.1incl.sing’, htʷënën /htʷɘ#ː/ ‘1excl.plur.1excl.sing’, kʲè /kʲɜ/ ‘1excl.plur.2.sing’, βˤa /βˤa/ ‘1excl.plur.3.sing.masc’, n̥ˠe /n̥ˠɛ/ ‘1excl.plur.3.sing.fem’, ɓʲ /ɓʲᵊ/ ‘1excl.plur.3.sing.neut’, ᵑǁʼʲaa /ᵑǁʼʲaː/ ‘1excl.plur.1incl.plur’, gʱʷèè /gʱʷɜː/ ‘1excl.plur.1excl.plur’, fʲunun /fʲu#ː/ ‘1excl.plur.2.plur’, kˤi /kˤi/ ‘1excl.plur.3.plur.masc’, r̥ˤé /r̥ˤe/ ‘1excl.plur.3.plur.fem’, ŋ̥ˠan /ŋ̥ˠa#/ ‘1excl.plur.3.plur.neut’, ᵏǃˤunun /ᵏǃˤu#ː/ ‘2.plur.none’, r̥ʷee /r̥ʷɛː/ ‘2.plur.1incl.sing’, ɺˠa /ɺˠa/ ‘2.plur.1excl.sing’, ɗʷe /ɗʷɛ/ ‘2.plur.2.sing’, p͡fʲ /p͡fʲᵊ/ ‘2.plur.3.sing.masc’, qʷe /qʷɛ/ ‘2.plur.3.sing.fem’, nˤëë /nˤɘː/ ‘2.plur.3.sing.neut’, ʐʲè /ʐʲɜ/ ‘2.plur.1incl.plur’, ɣʷ /ɣʷᵊ/ ‘2.plur.1excl.plur’, ɳ̥ʲo /ɳ̥ʲɔ/ ‘2.plur.2.plur’, ɴʲi /ɴʲi/ ‘2.plur.3.plur.masc’, ᵑǀʼˤanan /ᵑǀʼˤa#ː/ ‘2.plur.3.plur.fem’, pʰˠé /pʰˠe/ ‘2.plur.3.plur.neut’, ᵏǃˤèè /ᵏǃˤɜː/ ‘3.plur.masc.none’, ʈʰʲëë /ʈʰʲɘː/ ‘3.plur.masc.1incl.sing’, ðˤaa /ðˤaː/ ‘3.plur.masc.1excl.sing’, t͡ʂˠin /t͡ʂˠi#/ ‘3.plur.masc.2.sing’, nʲi /nʲi/ ‘3.plur.masc.3.sing.masc’, ʁʲë /ʁʲɘ/ ‘3.plur.masc.3.sing.fem’, k͡xˤóó /k͡xˤoː/ ‘3.plur.masc.3.sing.neut’, q͡χˠë /q͡χˠɘ/ ‘3.plur.masc.1incl.plur’, tʼʷa /tʼʷa/ ‘3.plur.masc.1excl.plur’, tɬʲ /tɬʲᵊ/ ‘3.plur.masc.2.plur’, ɥˠaa /ɥˠaː/ ‘3.plur.masc.3.plur.masc’, ᵏǀʼʲènèn /ᵏǀʼʲɜ#ː/ ‘3.plur.masc.3.plur.fem’, ɹˠi /ɹˠi/ ‘3.plur.masc.3.plur.neut’, ŋ̥ʲo /ŋ̥ʲɔ/ ‘3.plur.fem.none’, dʱʲen /dʱʲɛ#/ ‘3.plur.fem.1incl.sing’, ɸˤó /ɸˤo/ ‘3.plur.fem.1excl.sing’, ɓʲu /ɓʲu/ ‘3.plur.fem.2.sing’, ᵑǁʼˠëë /ᵑǁʼˠɘː/ ‘3.plur.fem.3.sing.masc’, r̥ʲó /r̥ʲo/ ‘3.plur.fem.3.sing.fem’, ʋˤii /ʋˤiː/ ‘3.plur.fem.3.sing.neut’, djïï /t͡ʃɨː/ ‘3.plur.fem.1incl.plur’, ᵏǃʲa /ᵏǃʲa/ ‘3.plur.fem.1excl.plur’, ɹˠee /ɹˠɛː/ ‘3.plur.fem.2.plur’, ᵏǀˤu /ᵏǀˤu/ ‘3.plur.fem.3.plur.masc’, ᵏǀˠ /ᵏǀˠᵊ/ ‘3.plur.fem.3.plur.fem’, pʰʲé /pʰʲe/ ‘3.plur.fem.3.plur.neut’, ᵏǃʰʲé /ᵏǃʰʲe/ ‘3.plur.neut.none’, t͡sˠón /t͡sˠo#/ ‘3.plur.neut.1incl.sing’, nˤen /nˤɛ#/ ‘3.plur.neut.1excl.sing’, ᵏǀʼˠi /ᵏǀʼˠi/ ‘3.plur.neut.2.sing’, k͡xˤa /k͡xˤa/ ‘3.plur.neut.3.sing.masc’, ŋ̥ˠe /ŋ̥ˠɛ/ ‘3.plur.neut.3.sing.fem’, dˤóó /dˤoː/ ‘3.plur.neut.3.sing.neut’, fʲee /fʲɛː/ ‘3.plur.neut.1incl.plur’, ᵑǃʼˤi /ᵑǃʼˤi/ ‘3.plur.neut.1excl.plur’, dʱˠënën /dʱˠɘ#ː/ ‘3.plur.neut.2.plur’, ᵏǀʲe /ᵏǀʲɛ/ ‘3.plur.neut.3.plur.masc’, ɸˠënën /ɸˠɘ#ː/ ‘3.plur.neut.3.plur.fem’ and ɺˠónón /ɺˠo#ː/ ‘3.plur.neut.3.plur.neut’; and finally, seventh, a clitic expressing indobj, comprising bʱʲènèn /bʱʲɜ#ː/ ‘1incl.sing’, pʲu /pʲu/ ‘1excl.sing’, k͡xˤi /k͡xˤi/ ‘2.sing’, lʲèn /lʲɜ#/ ‘3.sing.masc’, d͡zˠón /d͡zˠo#/ ‘3.sing.fem’, ɓʲonon /ɓʲɔ#ː/ ‘3.sing.neut’, pʰˤi /pʰˤi/ ‘1incl.plur’, ɳ̥ˠèè /ɳ̥ˠɜː/ ‘1excl.plur’, ðʷon /ðʷɔ#/ ‘2.plur’, ɽʲanan /ɽʲa#ː/ ‘3.plur.masc’, dʱˤunun /dʱˤu#ː/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and ʄˠónón /ʄˠo#ː/ ‘3.plur.neut’.
The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: 19 suffixes, namely -rʷe /-rʷɛ/ ‘begin’, -ɡˤonon /-ɡˤɔ#ː/ ‘stop’, -ɳ̥ʲa /-ɳ̥ʲa/ ‘continue’, -ɺʲii /-ɺʲiː/ ‘try’, -dʱˤen /-dʱˤɛ#/ ‘start’, -tʼˤii /-tʼˤiː/ ‘want’, -qʼʲi /-qʼʲi/ ‘can’, -nˠi /-nˠi/ ‘finish’, -htˠëë /-htˠɘː/ ‘need’, -hkˠii /-hkˠiː/ ‘decide’, -lʲïn /-lʲɨ#/ ‘fail’, -ʋʲó /-ʋʲo/ ‘hope’, -rʲè /-rʲɜ/ ‘must’, -ʒʲë /-ʒʲɘ/ ‘pretend’, -rʲï /-rʲɨ/ ‘let’, -xʲo /-xʲɔ/ ‘force’, -ɴˤé /-ɴˤe/ ‘keep’, -tʼʲu /-tʼʲu/ ‘cause’ and -ɰˠe /-ɰˠɛ/ ‘allow’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|mˤ|iː|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing">|ᵑǀʷ|ɔ#|</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|mˤ|iː|꜖꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing">|ᵑǀʷ|ɔ#|</thingy> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |mˤ|iː|꜖꜒|
#-> mˤiː꜖꜒
### |mˤ|iː|꜖꜒|
#-> mˤiː꜖꜒
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵑǀʷ|ɔ#|
#-> ᵑǀʷɔ#
### |ᵑǀʷ|ɔ#|
#-> ᵑǀʷɔ#
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |mˤ|iː|꜖꜒| |hpˤ|i#| |ᵑǀʷ|ɔ#| |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ bʲɔ#ː mˤiː꜖꜒ hpˤi# ᵑǀʷɔ# k͡xʲṵ꜒ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|mˤ|iː|꜖꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.2.sing">|ᵑǀʷ|ɔ#|</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mˤiː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀʷɔ̃</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xʲṵ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː mˤiː꜖꜒ hpˤĩ ᵑǀʷɔ̃ k͡xʲṵ꜒ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon mˤií hpˤin ᵑǀʷon k͡xʲũ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mˤiː꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǀʷɔ̃</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xʲṵ꜒</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː mˤiː꜖꜒ hpˤĩ ᵑǀʷɔ̃ k͡xʲṵ꜒ ʜˠa#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː mˤiː꜖꜒ hpˤĩ ᵑǀʷɔ̃ k͡xʲṵ꜒ ʜˠa
ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon mˤií hpˤin ᵑǀʷon k͡xʲũ ʜˠa. [ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː mˤiː꜖꜒ hpˤĩ ᵑǀʷɔ̃ k͡xʲṵ꜒ ʜˠa] ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing mˤiː꜖꜒ love hpˤĩ indicative ᵑǀʷɔ̃ 1excl.sing.2.sing k͡xʲṵ꜒ 2.sing ʜˠa ACC.sing “I love you.” | (17) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|d͡ʐˠ|au|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|ᵑǁʼˠ|i#ː|̰꜒|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|d͡ʐˠ|au|꜖꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|ᵑǁʼˠ|i#ː|̰꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|ᵑǁʼˠ|i##ː|̰꜒|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |d͡ʐˠ|au|꜖꜒|#-> d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒
### |d͡ʐˠ|au|꜖꜒|
#-> d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ᵑǁʼˠ|i##ː|̰꜒|
#-> ᵑǁʼˠi##ː̰꜒
### |ᵑǁʼˠ|i##ː|̰꜒|
#-> ᵑǁʼˠi##ː̰꜒
### |d͡ʐˠ|au|꜖꜒| |tʼˠ|u#||ᵑǁʼˠ|i##ː|̰꜒|
#-> d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒ tʼˠu#ᵑǁʼˠi##ː̰꜒
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|d͡ʐˠ|au|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|ᵑǁʼˠ|i##ː|̰꜒|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span></p>
+ <p>d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒ tʼˠũᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒</p>
+ <p>d͡ʐˠaú tʼˠunᵑǁʼˠin#ː̃</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒ tʼˠũᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒#-> d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒ tʼˠũᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒
d͡ʐˠaú tʼˠunᵑǁʼˠin#ː̃ [d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒ tʼˠũᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒] d͡ʐˠau꜖꜒ in_surface tʼˠũ- def ᵑǁʼˠĩ̃ː̰꜒ table “on the table” | (18) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|kʼʷ|ɔː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ɹˤ|ɜ#|꜒|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|kʼʷ|ɔː|꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ɹˤ|ɜ#|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ɹˤ|ɜ##|꜒|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |kʼʷ|ɔː|꜒|#-> kʼʷɔː꜒
### |kʼʷ|ɔː|꜒|
#-> kʼʷɔː꜒
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ɹˤ|ɜ##|꜒|
#-> ɹˤɜ##꜒
### |ɹˤ|ɜ##|꜒|
#-> ɹˤɜ##꜒
### |kʼʷ|ɔː|꜒| |tʼˠ|u#||ɹˤ|ɜ##|꜒|
#-> kʼʷɔː꜒ tʼˠu#ɹˤɜ##꜒
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|kʼʷ|ɔː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|ɹˤ|ɜ##|꜒|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷɔː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɹˤɜ̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span></p>
+ <p>kʼʷɔː꜒ tʼˠũɹˤɜ̃̃꜒</p>
+ <p>kʼʷoō tʼˠunɹˤèn#̄</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʼʷɔː꜒</o>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɹˤɜ̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### kʼʷɔː꜒ tʼˠũɹˤɜ̃̃꜒#-> kʼʷɔː꜒ tʼˠũɹˤɜ̃̃꜒
kʼʷoō tʼˠunɹˤèn#̄ [kʼʷɔː꜒ tʼˠũɹˤɜ̃̃꜒] kʼʷɔː꜒ to_inside tʼˠũ- def ɹˤɜ̃̃꜒ box “into the box” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|xʲ|ɔi|꜖|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|xʲ|ɔi|꜖|</word>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |xʲ|ɔi|꜖|#-> xʲɔi꜖
### |xʲ|ɔi|꜖|
#-> xʲɔi꜖
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |xʲ|ɔi|꜖| |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> xʲɔi꜖ ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|xʲ|ɔi|꜖|</word>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʲɔi꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>xʲɔi꜖ ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</p>
+ <p>Xʲɔi̠ ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʲɔi꜖</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### xʲɔi꜖ ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒#-> xʲɔi꜖ ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒
Xʲɔi̠ ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ [xʲɔi꜖ ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒] xʲɔi꜖ COMIT ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing “with me” | (20) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Shi employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Shi.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc">|ħʲ|ɔː|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc">|ħʲ|ɔː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |tʼˠ|u|-#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> ɰʲɜ̰꜖
### |ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> ɰʲɜ̰꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> k͡xˤɜ̰꜖
### |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> k͡xˤɜ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ħʲ|ɔː|
#-> ħʲɔː
### |ħʲ|ɔː|
#-> ħʲɔː
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |tʼˠ|u||ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ħʲ|ɔː| |tʼˠ|u#||ʁʲ|a##|꜒| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ bʲɔ#ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ħʲɔː tʼˠu#ʁʲa##꜒ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc">|ħʲ|ɔː|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɰʲɜ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xˤɜ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ħʲɔː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁʲã̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>tʼˠuɰʲè̉ bʲonon k͡xˤè̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ħʲoo tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɰʲɜ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xˤɜ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ħʲɔː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁʲã̃꜒</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ ʜˠa#-> tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ ʜˠa
Tʼˠuɰʲè̉ bʲonon k͡xˤè̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ħʲoo tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ ʜˠa. [tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ħʲɔː tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ ʜˠa] tʼˠu- def ɰʲɜ̰꜖ jaguar bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kill kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ħʲɔː 3.sing.fem.3.sing.masc tʼˠũ- def ʁʲã̃꜒ hunter ʜˠa ACC.sing “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (21) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing" case="ACC">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing" case="ACC">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing" case="ACC">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ#|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʰʲ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|bˠ|o#|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ#|꜖꜒|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʰʲ|o|</thingy>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|bˠ|o#|̰꜖|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|bˠ|o##|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |tʼˠ|u|-#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|
#-> ɰʷɛ꜒꜖
### |ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|
#-> ɰʷɛ꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʲɛ##꜖꜒
### |ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʲɛ##꜖꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|o|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲo
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|o|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲo
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|
#-> ʁˤɛ̰꜖
### |ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|
#-> ʁˤɛ̰꜖
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |bˠ|o##|̰꜖|
#-> bˠo##̰꜖
### |bˠ|o##|̰꜖|
#-> bˠo##̰꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |tʼˠ|u||ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ᵏǀʰʲ|o| |tʼˠ|u#||ʁʲ|a##|꜒| |tʼˠ|u||ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖| |tʼˠ|u#||bˠ|o##|̰꜖| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ᵏǀʲɛ##꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ᵏǀʰʲo tʼˠu#ʁʲa##꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ tʼˠu#bˠo##̰꜖ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem">|ᵏǀʰʲ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|ʁˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|bˠ|o##|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɰʷɛ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁʲã̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˤɛ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bˠõ̰̃꜖</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǀʰʲo tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ tʼˠũbˠõ̰̃꜖ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>tʼˠuɰʷè bʲonon ᵏǀʲen#́ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵏǀʰʲó tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ tʼˠuʁˤẻ tʼˠunbˠón#̉ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɰʷɛ꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁʲã̃꜒</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁˤɛ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bˠõ̰̃꜖</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǀʰʲo tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ tʼˠũbˠõ̰̃꜖ ʜˠa#-> tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǀʰʲo tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ tʼˠũbˠõ̰̃꜖ ʜˠa
Tʼˠuɰʷè bʲonon ᵏǀʲen#́ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵏǀʰʲó tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ tʼˠuʁˤẻ tʼˠunbˠón#̉ ʜˠa. [tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵏǀʰʲo tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ tʼˠuʁˤɛ̰꜖ tʼˠũbˠõ̰̃꜖ ʜˠa] tʼˠu- def ɰʷɛ꜒꜖ lion bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ eat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ᵏǀʰʲo 3.sing.fem.3.sing.fem tʼˠũ- def ʁʲã̃꜒ hunter tʼˠu- def ʁˤɛ̰꜖ daughter tʼˠũ- def bˠõ̰̃꜖ dog ʜˠa ACC.sing “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (22) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Shi reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Shi expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> </example>About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|n̥ʷ|ɔ#ː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|dʱˤ|i#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ#ː|꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|n̥ʷ|ɔ#ː|̰꜒|</word>
- <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|dʱˤ|i#|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|n̥ʷ|ɔ##ː|̰꜒|</word>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|dʱˤ|i##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʼʷɜ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʼʷɜ##ː꜒
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |n̥ʷ|ɔ##ː|̰꜒|
#-> n̥ʷɔ##ː̰꜒
### |n̥ʷ|ɔ##ː|̰꜒|
#-> n̥ʷɔ##ː̰꜒
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |dʱˤ|i##|꜒|
#-> dʱˤi##꜒
### |dʱˤ|i##|꜒|
#-> dʱˤi##꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒| |tʼˠ|u#||ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒| |tʼˠ|u#||n̥ʷ|ɔ##ː|̰꜒| |tʼˠ|u#||dʱˤ|i##|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠu#ᵏǀʼʷɜ##ː꜒ tʼˠu#n̥ʷɔ##ː̰꜒ tʼˠu#dʱˤi##꜒ bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|k͡xʲ|u|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|ᵏǀʼʷ|ɜ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|n̥ʷ|ɔ##ː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|dʱˤ|i##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xʲṵ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤĩ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠũn̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠũdʱˤĩ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>k͡xʲũ tʼˠunᵏǀʼʷèn#ː̄ tʼˠunn̥ʷon#ː̃ tʼˠundʱˤin#̄ bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xʲṵ꜒</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤĩ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠũn̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠũdʱˤĩ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː#-> k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠũn̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠũdʱˤĩ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː
k͡xʲũ tʼˠunᵏǀʼʷèn#ː̄ tʼˠunn̥ʷon#ː̃ tʼˠundʱˤin#̄ bʲonon [k͡xʲṵ꜒ tʼˠũᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ tʼˠũn̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒ tʼˠũdʱˤĩ̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː] k͡xʲṵ꜒ 2.sing tʼˠũ- def ᵏǀʼʷɜ̃̃ː꜒ son tʼˠũ- def n̥ʷɔ̃̃ː̰꜒ friend tʼˠũ- def dʱˤĩ̃꜒ book bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “your son’s friend’s book” | (23) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem">|ɬʲ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur">|ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem">|ɬʲ|i|</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word> <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|</word> <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|</word> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur">|ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |ʁʲ|a##|꜒|
#-> ʁʲa##꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> k͡xˤɜ̰꜖
### |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> k͡xˤɜ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɬʲ|i|
#-> ɬʲi
### |ɬʲ|i|
#-> ɬʲi
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> ɰʲɜ̰꜖
### |ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|
#-> ɰʲɜ̰꜖
### |pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|
#-> pʼˤɔː꜖꜒
### |pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|
#-> pʼˤɔː꜖꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|
#-> ʃʲᵊ̰꜒
### |ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|
#-> ʃʲᵊ̰꜒
### |pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|
#-> pʼˤɔː꜖꜒
### |pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|
#-> pʼˤɔː꜖꜒
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|
#-> ɰʷɛ꜒꜖
### |ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|
#-> ɰʷɛ꜒꜖
### |ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ᵏǃˤᵊ
### |ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ᵏǃˤᵊ
### |tʼˠ|u#||ʁʲ|a##|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ɬʲ|i| |tʼˠ|u||ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖| |pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒| |tʼˠ|u||ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒| |pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒| |tʼˠ|u||ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖| |ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> tʼˠu#ʁʲa##꜒ bʲɔ#ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁʲ|a##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.fem">|k͡xˤ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem">|ɬʲ|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɰʲ|ɜ|̰꜖|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʃʲ|ᵊ|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|pʼˤ|ɔː|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɰʷ|ɛ|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.plur">|ᵏǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁʲã̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xˤɜ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɬʲi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɰʲɜ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʼˤɔː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃʲᵊ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʼˤɔː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɰʷɛ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.plur</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ</p>
+ <p>tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ bʲonon k͡xˤè̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲè̉ pʼˤoó tʼˠuʃʲ̃ pʼˤoó tʼˠuɰʷè ᵏǃˤ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁʲã̃꜒</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k͡xˤɜ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɬʲi</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɰʲɜ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pʼˤɔː꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃʲᵊ̰꜒</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pʼˤɔː꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɰʷɛ꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǃˤᵊ</o>
+ <g>ACC.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ#-> tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ
Tʼˠunʁʲan#̄ bʲonon k͡xˤè̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲè̉ pʼˤoó tʼˠuʃʲ̃ pʼˤoó tʼˠuɰʷè ᵏǃˤ. [tʼˠũʁʲã̃꜒ bʲɔ̃ː k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɬʲi tʼˠuɰʲɜ̰꜖ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuʃʲᵊ̰꜒ pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ tʼˠuɰʷɛ꜒꜖ ᵏǃˤᵊ] tʼˠũ- def ʁʲã̃꜒ hunter bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing k͡xˤɜ̰꜖ kill kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ɬʲi 3.sing.masc.3.plur.fem tʼˠu- def ɰʲɜ̰꜖ jaguar pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ and tʼˠu- def ʃʲᵊ̰꜒ tiger pʼˤɔː꜖꜒ and tʼˠu- def ɰʷɛ꜒꜖ lion ᵏǃˤᵊ ACC.plur “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (24) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Shi provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Shi forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/def/optionalGot def
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut">|nˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut">|nˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |nˤ|ᵊ|
#-> nˤᵊ
### |nˤ|ᵊ|
#-> nˤᵊ
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |nˤ|ᵊ| |tʼˠ|u||ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ bʲɔ#ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# nˤᵊ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.neut">|nˤ|ᵊ|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˠɔ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴˤɛ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ nˤᵊ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin nˤ tʼˠuɴˤẻ ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˠɔ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤᵊ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɴˤɛ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ nˤᵊ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖ ʜˠa#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ nˤᵊ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖ ʜˠa
ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin nˤ tʼˠuɴˤẻ ʜˠa. [ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ nˤᵊ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖ ʜˠa] ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing tˠɔ̰꜖ pat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative nˤᵊ 1excl.sing.3.sing.neut tʼˠu- def ɴˤɛ̰꜖ cat ʜˠa ACC.sing “I patted the cat.” | (25) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut">|ɓˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut">|ɓˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖,
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖,
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɓˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ɓˤᵊ
### |ɓˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ɓˤᵊ
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |tʼˠ|u||ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|, |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |h|ɘ##|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ɓˤ|ᵊ| |tʼˠ|u||ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖| |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ bʲɔ#ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ##꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː hɘ##̰꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ɓˤᵊ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ʜˠa
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut">|ɓˤ|ᵊ|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˠɔ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴˤɛ̰꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɘ̰̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɬʲa꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓˤᵊ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ʜˠa</p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɴˤẻ, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɓˤ tʼˠuɬʲà ʜˠa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˠɔ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɴˤɛ̰꜖,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɘ̰̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓˤᵊ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɬʲa꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓˤᵊ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ʜˠa#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓˤᵊ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ʜˠa
ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɴˤẻ, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɓˤ tʼˠuɬʲà ʜˠa. [ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓˤᵊ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖ ʜˠa] ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing tˠɔ̰꜖ pat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative tʼˠu- def ɴˤɛ̰꜖, cat mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ RELPRON bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing hɘ̰̃̃꜒ catch kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ɓˤᵊ 3.sing.neut.3.sing.neut tʼˠu- def ɬʲa꜒꜖ mouse ʜˠa ACC.sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (26) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" comma="after"/> <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" comma="after"/> - <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> + <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" comma="after">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ʁʷ||ɘ#|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" comma="after">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ʁʷ||ɘ#|||||</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖,
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖,
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖,
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖,
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> pˠa꜒꜖,
### |pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> pˠa꜒꜖,
### -|ʁʷ||ɘ#|||||
#-> -ʁʷɘ#
### -|ʁʷ||ɘ#|||||
#-> -ʁʷɘ#
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |tʼˠ|u||ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|, |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |h|ɘ##|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |tʼˠ|u||ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|, |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,|ʁʷ||ɘ#||||| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ bʲɔ#ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ##꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː hɘ##̰꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ##꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː pˠa꜒꜖,ʁʷɘ# kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi#
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="eat₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy>
- <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" comma="after">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|</word>
+ <word gloss="cheese" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" comma="after">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,</word>
<thingy gloss="eat₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|ʁʷ||ɘ#|||||</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˠɔ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴˤɛ̰꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɘ̰̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɬʲa꜒꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pˠa꜒꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʁʷɘ̃</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː pˠa꜒꜖,ʁʷɘ̃ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ</p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɴˤẻ, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɬʲà, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon pˠà,ʁʷën kʰˠënën hpˤin</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˠɔ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɴˤɛ̰꜖,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɘ̰̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɬʲa꜒꜖,</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pˠa꜒꜖,</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ʁʷɘ̃</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː pˠa꜒꜖,ʁʷɘ̃ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː pˠa꜒꜖,ʁʷɘ̃ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ
ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɴˤẻ, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɬʲà, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon pˠà,ʁʷën kʰˠënën hpˤin. [ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː pˠa꜒꜖,ʁʷɘ̃ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ] ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing tˠɔ̰꜖ pat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative tʼˠu- def ɴˤɛ̰꜖, cat mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ RELPRON bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing hɘ̰̃̃꜒ catch kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative tʼˠu- def ɬʲa꜒꜖, mouse mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ RELPRON bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing pˠa꜒꜖, cheese -ʁʷɘ̃ eat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (27) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+ <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ#|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|ʐʲ|ɘː|̰꜖|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc">|ɺʲ|a|</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ#|꜖꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">|mʲ|ɨ#|꜒꜖|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|ʐʲ|ɘː|̰꜖|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc">|ɺʲ|a|</thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ#ː|꜒|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|
#-> tˠɔ̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖,
### |ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,
#-> ɴˤɛ̰꜖,
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |h|ɘ##|̰꜒|
#-> hɘ##̰꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖,
### |ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> ɬʲa꜒꜖,
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʲɛ##꜖꜒
### |ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʲɛ##꜖꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> pˠa꜒꜖,
### |pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,
#-> pˠa꜒꜖,
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|
#-> mʲɨ##꜒꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʐʲ|ɘː|̰꜖|
#-> ʐʲɘː̰꜖
### |ʐʲ|ɘː|̰꜖|
#-> ʐʲɘː̰꜖
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɺʲ|a|
#-> ɺʲa
### |ɺʲ|a|
#-> ɺʲa
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |tʼˠ|u||ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|, |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |h|ɘ##|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |tʼˠ|u||ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|, |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |tʼˠ|u||pˠ|a|꜒꜖|, |mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖| |ʜˠ|a| |ʐʲ|ɘː|̰꜖| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ɺʲ|a| |ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ bʲɔ#ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ##꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː hɘ##̰꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ##꜒꜖ bʲɔ#ː ᵏǀʲɛ##꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# tʼˠupˠa꜒꜖, mʲɨ##꜒꜖ ʜˠa ʐʲɘː̰꜖ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲɛ##ː꜒ bʲɔ#ː
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|tˠ|ɔ|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɴˤ|ɛ|̰꜖|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|h|ɘ##|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|ɬʲ|a|꜒꜖|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ᵏǀʲ|ɛ##|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">|pˠ|a|꜒꜖|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">|mʲ|ɨ##|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|ʐʲ|ɘː|̰꜖|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.masc">|ɺʲ|a|</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|ᵏǀʰʲ|ɛ##ː|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˠɔ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴˤɛ̰꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɘ̰̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɬʲa꜒꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pˠa꜒꜖,</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐʲɘː̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɺʲa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠupˠa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ ʜˠa ʐʲɘː̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː</p>
+ <p>ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɴˤẻ, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɬʲà, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon ᵏǀʲen#́ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠupˠà, mʲïn#̀ ʜˠa ʐʲëë̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˠɔ̰꜖</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɴˤɛ̰꜖,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɘ̰̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɬʲa꜒꜖,</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pˠa꜒꜖,</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʐʲɘː̰꜖</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɺʲa</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠupˠa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ ʜˠa ʐʲɘː̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː#-> ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠupˠa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ ʜˠa ʐʲɘː̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː
ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon tˠỏ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɴˤẻ, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon hën#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠuɬʲà, mʲïn#̀ bʲonon ᵏǀʲen#́ kʰˠënën hpˤin tʼˠupˠà, mʲïn#̀ ʜˠa ʐʲëë̉ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲen#ː̄ bʲonon. [ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː tˠɔ̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɴˤɛ̰꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː hɘ̰̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠuɬʲa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ bʲɔ̃ː ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ tʼˠupˠa꜒꜖, mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ ʜˠa ʐʲɘː̰꜖ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɺʲa ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ bʲɔ̃ː] ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing tˠɔ̰꜖ pat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative tʼˠu- def ɴˤɛ̰꜖, cat mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ RELPRON bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing hɘ̰̃̃꜒ catch kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative tʼˠu- def ɬʲa꜒꜖, mouse mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ RELPRON bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ᵏǀʲɛ̃̃꜖꜒ eat kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative tʼˠu- def pˠa꜒꜖, cheese mʲɨ̃̃꜒꜖ RELPRON ʜˠa ACC.sing ʐʲɘː̰꜖ buy kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ɺʲa 1excl.sing.3.sing.masc ᵏǀʰʲɛ̃̃ː꜒ 1excl.sing bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (28) |
Complementation Strategies
Shi introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/def/optionalGot def
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/def/optional
Got def
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e#ː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɢʲ|ɘ#ː|꜖꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc">|ᵑǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.INDOBJ">|d͡zˠ|o#|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing">|ɽˠ|a#ː|</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">|kʰʲ|e#|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.INDOBJ">|ɓʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|t͡sˤ|ɔi|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing">|ɽˠ|a#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e#ː|̰꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɢʲ|ɘ#ː|꜖꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɢʲ|ɘ##ː|꜖꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc">|ᵑǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.INDOBJ">|d͡zˠ|o#|</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ɮˠ|e#|꜒|</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing">|ɽˠ|a#ː|</thingy> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">|kʰʲ|e#|̰꜒|</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">|kʰʲ|e##|̰꜒|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.INDOBJ">|ɓʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|t͡sˤ|ɔi|꜒|</word> <thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing">|ɽˠ|a#ː|</thingy> </flat> </example>### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|
#-> ʁˠe##ː̰꜒
### |ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|
#-> ʁˠe##ː̰꜒
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |ɢʲ|ɘ##ː|꜖꜒|
#-> ɢʲɘ##ː꜖꜒
### |ɢʲ|ɘ##ː|꜖꜒|
#-> ɢʲɘ##ː꜖꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ᵑǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ᵑǃˤᵊ
### |ᵑǃˤ|ᵊ|
#-> ᵑǃˤᵊ
### |d͡zˠ|o#|
#-> d͡zˠo#
### |d͡zˠ|o#|
#-> d͡zˠo#
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |tʼˠ|u#|-
#-> tʼˠu#-
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### |ɮˠ|e##|꜒|
#-> ɮˠe##꜒
### |ɽˠ|a#ː|
#-> ɽˠa#ː
### |ɽˠ|a#ː|
#-> ɽˠa#ː
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|
#-> dʱˤuː̰꜒
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |j|ɔː|꜒꜖|
#-> jɔː꜒꜖
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ʜˠ|a|
#-> ʜˠa
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|
#-> ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |bʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> bʲɔ#ː
### |kʰʲ|e##|̰꜒|
#-> kʰʲe##̰꜒
### |kʰʲ|e##|̰꜒|
#-> kʰʲe##̰꜒
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|
#-> kʰˠɘ#ː
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |hpˤ|i#|
#-> hpˤi#
### |ɓʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> ɓʲɔ#ː
### |ɓʲ|ɔ#ː|
#-> ɓʲɔ#ː
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |tʼˠ|u|-
#-> tʼˠu-
### |t͡sˤ|ɔi|꜒|
#-> t͡sˤɔi꜒
### |t͡sˤ|ɔi|꜒|
#-> t͡sˤɔi꜒
### |ɽˠ|a#ː|
#-> ɽˠa#ː
### |ɽˠ|a#ː|
#-> ɽˠa#ː
### |tʼˠ|u#||ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |ɢʲ|ɘ##ː|꜖꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ᵑǃˤ|ᵊ| |d͡zˠ|o#| |tʼˠ|u#||ɮˠ|e##|꜒| |ɽˠ|a#ː| |dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒| |j|ɔː|꜒꜖| |ʜˠ|a| |ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖| |bʲ|ɔ#ː| |kʰʲ|e##|̰꜒| |kʰˠ|ɘ#ː| |hpˤ|i#| |ɓʲ|ɔ#ː| |tʼˠ|u||t͡sˤ|ɔi|꜒| |ɽˠ|a#ː|
#-> tʼˠu#ʁˠe##ː̰꜒ bʲɔ#ː ɢʲɘ##ː꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ᵑǃˤᵊ d͡zˠo# tʼˠu#ɮˠe##꜒ ɽˠa#ː dʱˤuː̰꜒ jɔː꜒꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ bʲɔ#ː kʰʲe##̰꜒ kʰˠɘ#ː hpˤi# ɓʲɔ#ː tʼˠut͡sˤɔi꜒ ɽˠa#ː
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ʁˠ|e##ː|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|ɢʲ|ɘ##ː|꜖꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj.obj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc">|ᵑǃˤ|ᵊ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.INDOBJ">|d͡zˠ|o#|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u#|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ɮˠ|e##|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing">|ɽˠ|a#ː|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|dʱˤ|uː|̰꜒|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|j|ɔː|꜒꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC.sing">|ʜˠ|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">|ᵏǁʰʲ|ɨː|꜖|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM.sing">|bʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">|kʰʲ|e##|̰꜒|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|kʰˠ|ɘ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|hpˤ|i#|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.INDOBJ">|ɓʲ|ɔ#ː|</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|tʼˠ|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|t͡sˤ|ɔi|꜒|</word>
<thingy type="npcase.number" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT.sing">|ɽˠ|a#ː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǃˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zˠõ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.INDOBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠũ-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɮˠẽ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽˠãː</span><br><span class="gls">DAT.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱˤuː̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɔː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʜˠa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">NOM.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˠɘ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hpˤĩ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓʲɔ̃ː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.INDOBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˠu-</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽˠãː</span><br><span class="gls">DAT.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǃˤᵊ d͡zˠõ tʼˠũɮˠẽ̃꜒ ɽˠãː dʱˤuː̰꜒ jɔː꜒꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ bʲɔ̃ː kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲɔ̃ː tʼˠut͡sˤɔi꜒ ɽˠãː</p>
+ <p>tʼˠunʁˠén#ː̃ bʲonon ɢʲën#ː́ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵑǃˤ d͡zˠón tʼˠunɮˠén#̄ ɽˠanan dʱˤuũ yoò ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ bʲonon kʰʲén#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɓʲonon tʼˠut͡sˤɔī ɽˠanan</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵑǃˤᵊ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>d͡zˠõ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.INDOBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠũ-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɮˠẽ̃꜒</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɽˠãː</o>
+ <g>DAT.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dʱˤuː̰꜒</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɔː꜒꜖</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʜˠa</o>
+ <g>ACC.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>NOM.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʰˠɘ̃ː</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hpˤĩ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓʲɔ̃ː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.INDOBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tʼˠu-</o>
+ <g>def</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡sˤɔi꜒</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɽˠãː</o>
+ <g>DAT.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǃˤᵊ d͡zˠõ tʼˠũɮˠẽ̃꜒ ɽˠãː dʱˤuː̰꜒ jɔː꜒꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ bʲɔ̃ː kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲɔ̃ː tʼˠut͡sˤɔi꜒ ɽˠãː#-> tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǃˤᵊ d͡zˠõ tʼˠũɮˠẽ̃꜒ ɽˠãː dʱˤuː̰꜒ jɔː꜒꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ bʲɔ̃ː kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲɔ̃ː tʼˠut͡sˤɔi꜒ ɽˠãː
Tʼˠunʁˠén#ː̃ bʲonon ɢʲën#ː́ kʰˠënën hpˤin ᵑǃˤ d͡zˠón tʼˠunɮˠén#̄ ɽˠanan dʱˤuũ yoò ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲïï̠ bʲonon kʰʲén#̃ kʰˠënën hpˤin ɓʲonon tʼˠut͡sˤɔī ɽˠanan. [tʼˠũʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ bʲɔ̃ː ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ᵑǃˤᵊ d͡zˠõ tʼˠũɮˠẽ̃꜒ ɽˠãː dʱˤuː̰꜒ jɔː꜒꜖ ʜˠa ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ bʲɔ̃ː kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒ kʰˠɘ̃ː hpˤĩ ɓʲɔ̃ː tʼˠut͡sˤɔi꜒ ɽˠãː] tʼˠũ- def ʁˠẽ̃ː̰꜒ boy bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing ɢʲɘ̃̃ː꜖꜒ give kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ᵑǃˤᵊ 3.sing.masc.3.sing.masc d͡zˠõ 3.sing.fem.INDOBJ tʼˠũ- def ɮˠẽ̃꜒ girl ɽˠãː DAT.sing dʱˤuː̰꜒ a jɔː꜒꜖ apple ʜˠa ACC.sing ᵏǁʰʲɨː꜖ COMP bʲɔ̃ː NOM.sing kʰʲḛ̃̃꜒ surprise kʰˠɘ̃ː PAST hpˤĩ indicative ɓʲɔ̃ː 3.sing.neut.INDOBJ tʼˠu- def t͡sˤɔi꜒ teacher ɽˠãː DAT.sing “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (29) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Shi / Shi–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/32THN
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Shi. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 3 May 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/32THN
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-32THN,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Shi}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/32THN}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 3 May 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.07 seconds.