A Grammar of Kata
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Kata language (the 122nd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Kata.
Typological Profile
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition, a small but genuine set of click consonants and a relatively uncommon VOS word order.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Kata has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 28 phonemes.
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition, a strikingly small set of lateral and rhotic consonants, a modest (but clearly contrastive) set of labialised consonants, a small but genuine set of click consonants and a complete absence of laryngeal consonants.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Kata. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | palatal | retroflex | velar | lab. velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | b | d t | ɖ ʈ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | |||
| ejective stop | kʼ | kʷʼ | ||||||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ɳ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||
| trill/tap/flap | ɽ | |||||||
| fricative | f | s | ʃ | ʂ | ||||
| approximant | ʋ | j | ||||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | |||||||
| click | ᵏǀ | |||||||
| click, nasal | ᵑǀ |
Vowels
Kata has 3 vowel qualities. This constitutes a relatively small inventory, with contrasts limited to the vowel categories displayed in the chart. The phonological system relies primarily on these few qualities to encode vocalic distinctions.
It has a vertical vowel system in which backness distinctions are largely absent and a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Kata. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| central | |
|---|---|
| close | ɨ |
| mid | ə |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Kata has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Kata is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.
The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ə /ə/ | а /a/ | б /b/ | в /ʋ/ |
| г /ɡ/ | д /d/ | д̇ /ɖ/ | к /k/ |
| м /m/ | н /n/ | н̇ /ɳ/ | р̇ /ɽ/ |
| с /s/ | с̇ /ʂ/ | т /t/ | т̇ /ʈ/ |
| ф /f/ | ч /t͡ʃ/ | ш /ʃ/ | ы /ɨ/ |
| ј /j/ | њ /ɲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| гв /ɡʷ/ | кв /kʷ/ | къ /kʼ/ |
| къв /kʼʷ/ | ҁн /ᵑǀ/ | ҁт /ᵏǀ/ |
| ӈв /ŋʷ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Kata does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Kata has the following genders:
Gender fem – for instance: вафа ‘snake’, гəњы ‘breath’, гваӈа ‘daughter’, къаквы ‘binoculars’, къвəја ‘child’, къваӈва ‘sky’, сəна ‘inside’, сəфа ‘moon’, с̇əгвə ‘forest’, с̇аны ‘sound’, с̇ас̇а ‘animal’, сычə ‘speech’, т̇əша ‘idea’, тыка ‘louse’, фафə ‘mother’, шəвы ‘lake’, јынə ‘surface’, ҁтакə ‘rope’, ӈабə ‘urine’, ӈан̇ə ‘south’.
Gender masc – for instance: выӈа ‘snow’, гəдə ‘name’, гвады ‘boy’, дəња ‘husband’, дакъа ‘night’, квəква ‘time’, кваӈа ‘fruit’, нəња ‘son’, тəњы ‘human being’, т̇аја ‘dust’, тат̇ə ‘father’, фəты ‘neighbour’, чəн̇ə ‘wind’, чатə ‘apple’, чања ‘day’, шəњə ‘sand’, јəсə ‘cat’, њат̇ə ‘ice’, ҁнас̇а ‘ash’, ҁтакъа ‘sun’.
Gender neut – for instance: гваӈы ‘feather’, д̇ыда ‘ear’, дадə ‘foot’, кəты ‘wild boar’, кəја ‘liver’, квыд̇а ‘river’, квыӈа ‘wing’, къəба ‘city’, къвыња ‘tooth’, маты ‘mouth’, нəмə ‘money’, с̇ага ‘hand’, с̇акъə ‘bone’, сасы ‘fish’, сафы ‘bird’, чыша ‘tail’, ҁтəва ‘blood’, ҁтаса ‘rain’, ӈəкы ‘faeces’, ӈашə ‘breast’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Kata can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ </np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ">|s|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|a|ˈ|d|a|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ʈ|a|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ɖ|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|j|ə|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |s|ə|
#-> sə
### |s|ə|
#-> sə
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|d|a|
#-> ˈɡada
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|d|a|
#-> ˈɡada
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### |ʈ|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈʈa
### |ʈ|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈʈa
### |ɖ|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈɖə
### |ɖ|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈɖə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |ᵏǀ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|
#-> ˈᵏǀajɨ
### |ᵏǀ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|
#-> ˈᵏǀajɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə
### |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈɡasə
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈɡasə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |j|ɨ| |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |s|ə| |ɡ|a|ˈ|d|a| |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə||f|a||b|a| |ʈ|a|ˈ| |ɖ|ə|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |ᵏǀ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |j|ə|ˈ| |ɡ|a|ˈ|s|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə|
#-> jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ mɨ sə ˈɡada ˈkʷatəfaba ˈʈa ˈɖəkʼə ˈᵏǀajɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈjə ˈɡasə ˈfɨkʼə
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ">|s|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|a|ˈ|d|a|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ʈ|a|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ɖ|ə|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|j|ə|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲɨsa</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡada</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷatə</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ba</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈa</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɖə</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀajɨ</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjə</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡasə</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ mɨ sə ˈɡada ˈkʷatəfaba ˈʈa ˈɖəkʼə ˈᵏǀajɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈjə ˈɡasə ˈfɨkʼə</p>
+ <p>јы њысачы мы сə гада кватəфаба т̇а д̇əкъə ҁтајы фыкъə Јə гасə фыкъə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɲɨsa</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>sə</o>
+ <g>3.plur.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡada</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷatə</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ba</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʈa</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɖə</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀajɨ</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjə</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡasə</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ mɨ sə ˈɡada ˈkʷatəfaba ˈʈa ˈɖəkʼə ˈᵏǀajɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈjə ˈɡasə ˈfɨkʼə#-> jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ mɨ sə ˈɡada ˈkʷatəfaba ˈʈa ˈɖəkʼə ˈᵏǀajɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈjə ˈɡasə ˈfɨkʼə
Јы њысачы мы сə гада кватəфаба т̇а д̇əкъə ҁтајы фыкъə Јə гасə фыкъə. [jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ mɨ sə ˈɡada ˈkʷatəfaba ˈʈa ˈɖəkʼə ˈᵏǀajɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈjə ˈɡasə ˈfɨkʼə] jɨ PAST ˈɲɨsa catch -t͡ʃɨ indicative mɨ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ sə 3.plur.fem.OBJ ˈɡada blind ˈkʷatə mouse -fa ACC -ba plur ˈʈa three ˈɖə yon -kʼə fem ˈᵏǀajɨ woman ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈjə COMIT ˈɡasə knife ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising къа /kʼa/ ‘1incl.sing’, ка /ka/ ‘1excl.sing’, јə /jə/ ‘2.sing’, квы /kʷɨ/ ‘3.sing.masc’, њə /ɲə/ ‘3.sing.fem’, та /ta/ ‘3.sing.neut’, къвə /kʼʷə/ ‘1incl.plur’, чы /t͡ʃɨ/ ‘1excl.plur’, ква /kʷa/ ‘2.plur’, да /da/ ‘3.plur.masc’, вы /ʋɨ/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and мə /mə/ ‘3.plur.neut’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Kata.
The Noun
The noun in Kata consists of first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -гə /-ɡə/ ‘ERG’, -фа /-fa/ ‘ACC’, -јə /-jə/ ‘GEN’, -къы /-kʼɨ/ ‘DAT’, -њы /-ɲɨ/ ‘INS’, -мы /-mɨ/ ‘VOC’, -да /-da/ ‘ALL’, -нə /-nə/ ‘LOC’, -тə /-tə/ ‘ABL’ and -сы /-sɨ/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -ба /-ba/ ‘plur’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -къə /-kʼə/ ‘little’ and -бы /-bɨ/ ‘big’
The Adjective
The adjective in Kata stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Kata stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Kata, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising -да /-da/ ‘masc’ and -къə /-kʼə/ ‘fem’.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Kata stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="masc"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">|s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|b|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|m|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|b|ə|ˈ|kʼ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|
#-> ˈsaɡʷa
### |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|
#-> ˈsaɡʷa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |b|ɨ|
#-> bɨ
### |b|ɨ|
#-> bɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|
#-> ˈtɨʂa
### |t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|
#-> ˈtɨʂa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |m|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈmə
### |m|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈmə
### |b|ə|ˈ|kʼ|ə|
#-> ˈbəkʼə
### |b|ə|ˈ|kʼ|ə|
#-> ˈbəkʼə
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|ə|
#-> ˈkʼʷɨʋə
### |kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|ə|
#-> ˈkʼʷɨʋə
### |t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> t͡ʃɨ
### |t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> t͡ʃɨ
### |j|ɨ| |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |b|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |m|ə|ˈ| |b|ə|ˈ|kʼ|ə||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|ə| |t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ bɨ ŋʷə ˈtɨʂafa ˈfɨkʼə ˈmə ˈbəkʼət͡ʃɨ ˈkʼʷɨʋə t͡ʃɨ
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">|s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|b|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|m|ə|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|b|ə|ˈ|kʼ|ə|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|ə|</word>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsaɡʷa</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɨʂa</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmə</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbəkʼə</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼʷɨʋə</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.SUBJ</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ bɨ ŋʷə ˈtɨʂafa ˈfɨkʼə ˈmə ˈbəkʼət͡ʃɨ ˈkʼʷɨʋə t͡ʃɨ</p>
+ <p>јы сагвачы бы ӈвə тыс̇афа фыкъə мə бəкъəчы къвывə чы</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsaɡʷa</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.plur.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtɨʂa</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmə</o>
+ <g>because</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbəkʼə</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼʷɨʋə</o>
+ <g>happy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ bɨ ŋʷə ˈtɨʂafa ˈfɨkʼə ˈmə ˈbəkʼət͡ʃɨ ˈkʼʷɨʋə t͡ʃɨ#-> jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ bɨ ŋʷə ˈtɨʂafa ˈfɨkʼə ˈmə ˈbəkʼət͡ʃɨ ˈkʼʷɨʋə t͡ʃɨ
Јы сагвачы бы ӈвə тыс̇афа фыкъə мə бəкъəчы къвывə чы. [jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ bɨ ŋʷə ˈtɨʂafa ˈfɨkʼə ˈmə ˈbəkʼət͡ʃɨ ˈkʼʷɨʋə t͡ʃɨ] jɨ PAST ˈsaɡʷa kill -t͡ʃɨ indicative bɨ 1excl.plur.SUBJ ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈtɨʂa tiger -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈmə because ˈbəkʼə be -t͡ʃɨ indicative ˈkʼʷɨʋə happy t͡ʃɨ 1incl.plur.SUBJ “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|#-> ˈdəna
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈdəna
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʷɨ
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdəna</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span></p> + <p>ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ</p> + <p>дəначы ӈвə квы</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈdəna</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷə</o> + <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkʷɨ</o> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ
Дəначы ӈвə квы. [ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ] ˈdəna love -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈkʷɨ 3.sing.fem “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|#-> ˈdəna
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈdəna
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʷɨ
### |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə
### |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ| |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ ˈjə
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdəna</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p> + <p>ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ ˈjə</p> + <p>дəначы ӈвə квы јə</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈdəna</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷə</o> + <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkʷɨ</o> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈjə</o> + <g>3.sing.masc</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ ˈjə
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ ˈjə
Дəначы ӈвə квы јə. [ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ ˈjə] ˈdəna love -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈkʷɨ 3.sing.fem ˈjə 3.sing.masc “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|#-> ˈdəna
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈdəna
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʷɨ
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdəna</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span></p> + <p>ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ</p> + <p>дəначы ӈвə квы</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈdəna</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷə</o> + <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkʷɨ</o> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ
Дəначы ӈвə квы. [ˈdənat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷɨ] ˈdəna love -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈkʷɨ 3.sing.fem “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Sisha hates Tati."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|a|ˈ|b|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Tati" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ʈ|ə|ˈ|ʈ|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sisha" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|s|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|a|ˈ|b|a|#-> ˈsaba
### |s|a|ˈ|b|a|
#-> ˈsaba
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ʈ|ə|ˈ|ʈ|ɨ|
#-> ˈʈəʈɨ
### |ʈ|ə|ˈ|ʈ|ɨ|
#-> ˈʈəʈɨ
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |s|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|ə|
#-> ˈsɨʂə
### |s|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|ə|
#-> ˈsɨʂə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |s|a|ˈ|b|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |ʈ|ə|ˈ|ʈ|ɨ||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |s|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> ˈsabat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈʈəʈɨfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈsɨʂə ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Sisha hates Tati."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|a|ˈ|b|a|</word> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="Tati" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ʈ|ə|ˈ|ʈ|ɨ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="Sisha" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|s|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|ə|</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsaba</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈəʈɨ</span><br><span class="gls">Tati</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsɨʂə</span><br><span class="gls">Sisha</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p> + <p>ˈsabat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈʈəʈɨfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈsɨʂə ˈfɨda</p> + <p>сабачы ӈвə Т̇əт̇ыфа фыкъə Сыс̇ə фыда</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈsaba</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷə</o> + <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʈəʈɨ</o> + <g>Tati</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fa</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfɨ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kʼə</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsɨʂə</o> + <g>Sisha</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfɨ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈsabat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈʈəʈɨfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈsɨʂə ˈfɨda
#-> ˈsabat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈʈəʈɨfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈsɨʂə ˈfɨda
Сабачы ӈвə Т̇əт̇ыфа фыкъə Сыс̇ə фыда. [ˈsabat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈʈəʈɨfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈsɨʂə ˈfɨda] ˈsaba hate -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈʈəʈɨ Tati -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈsɨʂə Sisha ˈfɨ the -da masc “Sisha hates Tati.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|#-> ˈɡʷadɨ
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|
#-> ˈɡʷadɨ
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> ˈɡʷadɨjə ˈfɨda ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡʷadɨ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃatə</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɡʷadɨjə ˈfɨda ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ</p>
+ <p>гвадыјə фыда чатə фыда квы</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡʷadɨ</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃatə</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɡʷadɨjə ˈfɨda ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ#-> ˈɡʷadɨjə ˈfɨda ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ
гвадыјə фыда чатə фыда квы [ˈɡʷadɨjə ˈfɨda ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ] ˈɡʷadɨ boy -jə GEN ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈt͡ʃatə apple ˈfɨ the -da masc kʷɨ 3.sing.masc.POSS “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ə|ˈ|#-> ˈjə
### |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |j|ə|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> ˈjə ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃatə</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈjə ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ</p>
+ <p>јə чатə фыда квы</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃatə</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈjə ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ#-> ˈjə ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ
јə чатə фыда квы [ˈjə ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda kʷɨ] ˈjə 3.sing.masc ˈt͡ʃatə apple ˈfɨ the -da masc kʷɨ 3.sing.masc.POSS “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|k|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |k|a|
#-> ka
### |k|a|
#-> ka
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |k|a|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda ka
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|k|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃatə</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ka</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda ka</p>
+ <p>чатə фыда ка</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃatə</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ka</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda ka#-> ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda ka
чатə фыда ка [ˈt͡ʃatə ˈfɨda ka] ˈt͡ʃatə apple ˈfɨ the -da masc ka 1excl.sing.POSS “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
- </np>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="masc"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">|s|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|ə|ˈ|t|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|j|ə|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">|n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |s|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|a|
#-> ˈsɨʋa
### |s|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|a|
#-> ˈsɨʋa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |f|ə|ˈ|t|ɨ|
#-> ˈfətɨ
### |f|ə|ˈ|t|ɨ|
#-> ˈfətɨ
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ə|
#-> jə
### |j|ə|
#-> jə
### |n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈnəɲa
### |n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈnəɲa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈɡʷaŋa
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈɡʷaŋa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |j|ɨ| |s|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |m|ə| |f|ə|ˈ|t|ɨ||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |j|ə| |n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |kʷ|ɨ| |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> jɨ ˈsɨʋat͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈfətɨjə ˈfɨda jə ˈnəɲafa ˈfɨda kʷɨ ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋa ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">|s|ɨ|ˈ|ʋ|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|ə|ˈ|t|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|j|ə|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">|n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsɨʋa</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfətɨ</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jə</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnəɲa</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷanɨ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡʷaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈsɨʋat͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈfətɨjə ˈfɨda jə ˈnəɲafa ˈfɨda kʷɨ ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋa ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ</p>
+ <p>јы сывачы мы мə фəтыјə фыда јə нəњафа фыда квы кваныјə фыда гваӈа фыкъə квы</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsɨʋa</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfətɨ</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jə</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnəɲa</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷanɨ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡʷaŋa</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈsɨʋat͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈfətɨjə ˈfɨda jə ˈnəɲafa ˈfɨda kʷɨ ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋa ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ#-> jɨ ˈsɨʋat͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈfətɨjə ˈfɨda jə ˈnəɲafa ˈfɨda kʷɨ ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋa ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ
Јы сывачы мы мə фəтыјə фыда јə нəњафа фыда квы кваныјə фыда гваӈа фыкъə квы. [jɨ ˈsɨʋat͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈfətɨjə ˈfɨda jə ˈnəɲafa ˈfɨda kʷɨ ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋa ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ] jɨ PAST ˈsɨʋa kiss -t͡ʃɨ indicative mɨ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ mə 3.sing.masc.OBJ ˈfətɨ neighbour -jə GEN ˈfɨ the -da masc jə 2.sing.POSS ˈnəɲa son -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -da masc kʷɨ 3.sing.masc.POSS ˈkʷanɨ hunter -jə GEN ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈɡʷaŋa daughter ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem kʷɨ 3.sing.masc.POSS “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
Kata has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|#-> ˈkənɨ
### |k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkənɨ
### |k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkənɨ
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkənɨ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈkənɨ</p>
+ <p>кəны</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkənɨ</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈkənɨ#-> ˈkənɨ
кəны [ˈkənɨ] ˈkənɨ lamb “a lamb” | (11) |
In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||kʼ||ə|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|#-> ˈkənɨ
### |k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkənɨ
### -|||kʼ||ə|||||
#-> -kʼə
### -|||kʼ||ə|||||
#-> -kʼə
### |k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ||||kʼ||ə|||||
#-> ˈkənɨkʼə
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||kʼ||ə|||||</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkənɨ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span></p> + <p>ˈkənɨkʼə</p> + <p>кəныкъə</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈkənɨ</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kʼə</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈkənɨkʼə
#-> ˈkənɨkʼə
кəныкъə [ˈkənɨkʼə] ˈkənɨ lamb -kʼə little “a little lamb” | (12) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Kata fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing negation, comprising та /ta/ ‘NEG’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising јы /jɨ/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing subj, comprising јы /jɨ/ ‘1incl.sing’, фы /fɨ/ ‘1excl.sing’, къвə /kʼʷə/ ‘2.sing’, мы /mɨ/ ‘3.sing.fem’, ја /ja/ ‘3.sing.neut’, чы /t͡ʃɨ/ ‘1incl.plur’, бы /bɨ/ ‘1excl.plur’, сə /sə/ ‘2.plur’, д̇а /ɖa/ ‘3.plur.masc’, са /sa/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and ча /t͡ʃa/ ‘3.plur.neut’; fourth, a clitic expressing obj, comprising ӈы /ŋɨ/ ‘1incl.sing’, та /ta/ ‘1excl.sing’, мы /mɨ/ ‘2.sing’, мə /mə/ ‘3.sing.masc’, ӈвə /ŋʷə/ ‘3.sing.fem’, бы /bɨ/ ‘3.sing.neut’, фа /fa/ ‘1incl.plur’, ны /nɨ/ ‘1excl.plur’, на /na/ ‘2.plur’, квы /kʷɨ/ ‘3.plur.masc’, сə /sə/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and чы /t͡ʃɨ/ ‘3.plur.neut’; fifth, a clitic expressing indobj, comprising квə /kʷə/ ‘1incl.sing’, вы /ʋɨ/ ‘1excl.sing’, къа /kʼa/ ‘2.sing’, ма /ma/ ‘3.sing.masc’, с̇ы /ʂɨ/ ‘3.sing.fem’, ӈы /ŋɨ/ ‘3.sing.neut’, р̇ы /ɽɨ/ ‘1incl.plur’, чə /t͡ʃə/ ‘1excl.plur’, ӈа /ŋa/ ‘2.plur’, къы /kʼɨ/ ‘3.plur.masc’, кы /kɨ/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and ны /nɨ/ ‘3.plur.neut’; and finally, sixth, a clitic expressing question, comprising ӈə /ŋə/ ‘Q’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing mode, comprising -чы /-t͡ʃɨ/ ‘indicative’, -јы /-jɨ/ ‘conditional’ and -квə /-kʷə/ ‘optative’; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing voice, comprising -квы /-kʷɨ/ ‘passive’.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -квə /-kʷə/ ‘begin’ and -бə /-bə/ ‘stop’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|#-> ˈdəna
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈdəna
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃɨ
### |ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃɨ
### |d|ə|ˈ|n|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ fɨ mɨ ˈʃɨ
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|d|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdəna</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈdənat͡ʃɨ fɨ mɨ ˈʃɨ</p> + <p>дəначы фы мы шы</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈdəna</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɨ</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃɨ</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈdənat͡ʃɨ fɨ mɨ ˈʃɨ
#-> ˈdənat͡ʃɨ fɨ mɨ ˈʃɨ
Дəначы фы мы шы. [ˈdənat͡ʃɨ fɨ mɨ ˈʃɨ] ˈdəna love -t͡ʃɨ indicative fɨ 1excl.sing.SUBJ mɨ 2.sing.OBJ ˈʃɨ 2.sing “I love you.” | (13) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɡʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|b|ə|ˈ|ʃ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|j|ɨ|ˈ|n|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɡʷ|ɨ|ˈ|#-> ˈɡʷɨ
### |ɡʷ|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈɡʷɨ
### |b|ə|ˈ|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈbəʃa
### |b|ə|ˈ|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈbəʃa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ|ˈ|n|ə|
#-> ˈjɨnə
### |j|ɨ|ˈ|n|ə|
#-> ˈjɨnə
### |ɡʷ|ɨ|ˈ| |b|ə|ˈ|ʃ|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |j|ɨ|ˈ|n|ə|
#-> ˈɡʷɨ ˈbəʃa ˈfɨda ˈjɨnə
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɡʷ|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|b|ə|ˈ|ʃ|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|j|ɨ|ˈ|n|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbəʃa</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjɨnə</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɡʷɨ ˈbəʃa ˈfɨda ˈjɨnə</p>
+ <p>гвы бəша фыда јынə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡʷɨ</o>
+ <g>in</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbəʃa</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjɨnə</o>
+ <g>surface</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɡʷɨ ˈbəʃa ˈfɨda ˈjɨnə#-> ˈɡʷɨ ˈbəʃa ˈfɨda ˈjɨnə
гвы бəша фыда јынə [ˈɡʷɨ ˈbəʃa ˈfɨda ˈjɨnə] ˈɡʷɨ in ˈbəʃa table ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈjɨnə surface “on the table” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ʋ|ə|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|b|ɨ|ˈ|kʼʷ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|s|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ʋ|ə|ˈ|#-> ˈʋə
### |ʋ|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈʋə
### |b|ɨ|ˈ|kʼʷ|ə|
#-> ˈbɨkʼʷə
### |b|ɨ|ˈ|kʼʷ|ə|
#-> ˈbɨkʼʷə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |s|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈsəna
### |s|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈsəna
### |ʋ|ə|ˈ| |b|ɨ|ˈ|kʼʷ|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |s|ə|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈʋə ˈbɨkʼʷə ˈfɨkʼə ˈsəna
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ʋ|ə|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|b|ɨ|ˈ|kʼʷ|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|s|ə|ˈ|n|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʋə</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbɨkʼʷə</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsəna</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈʋə ˈbɨkʼʷə ˈfɨkʼə ˈsəna</p>
+ <p>вə быкъвə фыкъə сəна</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʋə</o>
+ <g>to</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbɨkʼʷə</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsəna</o>
+ <g>inside</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈʋə ˈbɨkʼʷə ˈfɨkʼə ˈsəna#-> ˈʋə ˈbɨkʼʷə ˈfɨkʼə ˈsəna
вə быкъвə фыкъə сəна [ˈʋə ˈbɨkʼʷə ˈfɨkʼə ˈsəna] ˈʋə to ˈbɨkʼʷə box ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈsəna inside “into the box” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|j|ə|ˈ|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|f|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ə|ˈ|#-> ˈjə
### |j|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə
### |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈfa
### |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈfa
### |j|ə|ˈ| |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈjə ˈfa
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|j|ə|ˈ|</word>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|f|a|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjə</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈjə ˈfa</p>
+ <p>Јə фа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjə</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfa</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈjə ˈfa#-> ˈjə ˈfa
Јə фа [ˈjə ˈfa] ˈjə COMIT ˈfa 1excl.sing “with me” | (16) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Kata displays Verb–Object–Subject (VOS) as its primary word order. The verb is followed by the object, with the subject appearing clause-finally. Although relatively uncommon, VOS is well documented cross-linguistically.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Kata.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|
#-> ˈsaɡʷa
### |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|
#-> ˈsaɡʷa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|
#-> ˈŋʷajɨ
### |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|
#-> ˈŋʷajɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ə| |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ mə ˈkʷanɨfa ˈfɨda ˈŋʷajɨ ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsaɡʷa</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷanɨ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋʷajɨ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ mə ˈkʷanɨfa ˈfɨda ˈŋʷajɨ ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы сагвачы мə кваныфа фыда ӈвајы фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsaɡʷa</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷanɨ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋʷajɨ</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ mə ˈkʷanɨfa ˈfɨda ˈŋʷajɨ ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ mə ˈkʷanɨfa ˈfɨda ˈŋʷajɨ ˈfɨda
Јы сагвачы мə кваныфа фыда ӈвајы фыда. [jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ mə ˈkʷanɨfa ˈfɨda ˈŋʷajɨ ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈsaɡʷa kill -t͡ʃɨ indicative mə 3.sing.masc.OBJ ˈkʷanɨ hunter -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈŋʷajɨ jaguar ˈfɨ the -da masc “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|ɖ|a|ˈ|k|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.POSS">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjasə
### |j|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjasə
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈɡʷaŋa
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈɡʷaŋa
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |ɖ|a|ˈ|k|a|
#-> ˈɖaka
### |ɖ|a|ˈ|k|a|
#-> ˈɖaka
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈʋɨɳə
### |ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈʋɨɳə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |j|ɨ| |j|a|ˈ|s|ə||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |kʷ|ɨ| |ɖ|a|ˈ|k|a||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |ɲ|ə| |ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə|
#-> jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋajə ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ ˈɖakafa ˈfɨda ɲə ˈʋɨɳə ˈfɨkʼə
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|ŋ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|ɖ|a|ˈ|k|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.POSS">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjasə</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷanɨ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡʷaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɖaka</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʋɨɳə</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋajə ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ ˈɖakafa ˈfɨda ɲə ˈʋɨɳə ˈfɨkʼə</p>
+ <p>јы јасəчы мы ӈвə кваныјə фыда гваӈајə фыкъə квы д̇акафа фыда њə вын̇ə фыкъə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjasə</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷanɨ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡʷaŋa</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɖaka</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʋɨɳə</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋajə ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ ˈɖakafa ˈfɨda ɲə ˈʋɨɳə ˈfɨkʼə#-> jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋajə ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ ˈɖakafa ˈfɨda ɲə ˈʋɨɳə ˈfɨkʼə
Јы јасəчы мы ӈвə кваныјə фыда гваӈајə фыкъə квы д̇акафа фыда њə вын̇ə фыкъə. [jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷanɨjə ˈfɨda ˈɡʷaŋajə ˈfɨkʼə kʷɨ ˈɖakafa ˈfɨda ɲə ˈʋɨɳə ˈfɨkʼə] jɨ PAST ˈjasə eat -t͡ʃɨ indicative mɨ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈkʷanɨ hunter -jə GEN ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈɡʷaŋa daughter -jə GEN ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem kʷɨ 3.sing.masc.POSS ˈɖaka dog -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -da masc ɲə 3.sing.fem.POSS ˈʋɨɳə lion ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (18) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Kata reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Kata expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|j|ə|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|ʃ|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|ɳ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.POSS">|t|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|#-> ˈnəɲa
### |n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈnəɲa
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ə|
#-> jə
### |j|ə|
#-> jə
### |ʃ|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈʃasə
### |ʃ|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈʃasə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### -|j|ə|
#-> -jə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |kʷ|ɨ|
#-> kʷɨ
### |ɳ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> ˈɳət͡ʃɨ
### |ɳ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> ˈɳət͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |t|a|
#-> ta
### |t|a|
#-> ta
### |n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |j|ə| |ʃ|a|ˈ|s|ə||j|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ| |kʷ|ɨ| |ɳ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |t|a|
#-> ˈnəɲajə ˈfɨda jə ˈʃasəjə ˈfɨ kʷɨ ˈɳət͡ʃɨ ˈfɨkʼə ta
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|n|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|j|ə|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|ʃ|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|j|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|kʷ|ɨ|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|ɳ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.POSS">|t|a|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnəɲa</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jə</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃasə</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-jə</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɳət͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ta</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnəɲajə ˈfɨda jə ˈʃasəjə ˈfɨ kʷɨ ˈɳət͡ʃɨ ˈfɨkʼə ta</p>
+ <p>нəњајə фыда јə шасəјə фы квы н̇əчы фыкъə та</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnəɲa</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jə</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃasə</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-jə</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɳət͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ta</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnəɲajə ˈfɨda jə ˈʃasəjə ˈfɨ kʷɨ ˈɳət͡ʃɨ ˈfɨkʼə ta#-> ˈnəɲajə ˈfɨda jə ˈʃasəjə ˈfɨ kʷɨ ˈɳət͡ʃɨ ˈfɨkʼə ta
нəњајə фыда јə шасəјə фы квы н̇əчы фыкъə та [ˈnəɲajə ˈfɨda jə ˈʃasəjə ˈfɨ kʷɨ ˈɳət͡ʃɨ ˈfɨkʼə ta] ˈnəɲa son -jə GEN ˈfɨ the -da masc jə 2.sing.POSS ˈʃasə friend -jə GEN ˈfɨ the kʷɨ 3.sing.masc.POSS ˈɳət͡ʃɨ book ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ta 3.sing.neut.POSS “your son’s friend’s book” | (19) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ">|s|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|b|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|b|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|
#-> ˈsaɡʷa
### |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|
#-> ˈsaɡʷa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |s|ə|
#-> sə
### |s|ə|
#-> sə
### |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|
#-> ˈŋʷajɨ
### |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|
#-> ˈŋʷajɨ
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |b|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈbɨ
### |b|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈbɨ
### |t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|
#-> ˈtɨʂa
### |t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|
#-> ˈtɨʂa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |b|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈbɨ
### |b|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈbɨ
### |ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈʋɨɳə
### |ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈʋɨɳə
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### -|b|a|
#-> -ba
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʷanɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |s|ə| |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ||f|a||b|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |b|ɨ|ˈ| |t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a||f|a||b|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |b|ɨ|ˈ| |ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə||f|a||b|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ sə ˈŋʷajɨfaba ˈfɨda ˈbɨ ˈtɨʂafaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈbɨ ˈʋɨɳəfaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈkʷanɨ ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ">|s|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋʷ|a|ˈ|j|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|b|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|t|ɨ|ˈ|ʂ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|b|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʋ|ɨ|ˈ|ɳ|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|b|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|n|ɨ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsaɡʷa</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋʷajɨ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ba</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbɨ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɨʂa</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ba</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbɨ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʋɨɳə</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ba</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷanɨ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ sə ˈŋʷajɨfaba ˈfɨda ˈbɨ ˈtɨʂafaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈbɨ ˈʋɨɳəfaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈkʷanɨ ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы сагвачы сə ӈвајыфаба фыда бы тыс̇афаба фыкъə бы вын̇əфаба фыкъə кваны фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsaɡʷa</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>sə</o>
+ <g>3.plur.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋʷajɨ</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ba</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbɨ</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtɨʂa</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ba</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbɨ</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʋɨɳə</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ba</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷanɨ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ sə ˈŋʷajɨfaba ˈfɨda ˈbɨ ˈtɨʂafaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈbɨ ˈʋɨɳəfaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈkʷanɨ ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ sə ˈŋʷajɨfaba ˈfɨda ˈbɨ ˈtɨʂafaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈbɨ ˈʋɨɳəfaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈkʷanɨ ˈfɨda
Јы сагвачы сə ӈвајыфаба фыда бы тыс̇афаба фыкъə бы вын̇əфаба фыкъə кваны фыда. [jɨ ˈsaɡʷat͡ʃɨ sə ˈŋʷajɨfaba ˈfɨda ˈbɨ ˈtɨʂafaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈbɨ ˈʋɨɳəfaba ˈfɨkʼə ˈkʷanɨ ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈsaɡʷa kill -t͡ʃɨ indicative sə 3.plur.fem.OBJ ˈŋʷajɨ jaguar -fa ACC -ba plur ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈbɨ and ˈtɨʂa tiger -fa ACC -ba plur ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈbɨ and ˈʋɨɳə lion -fa ACC -ba plur ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈkʷanɨ hunter ˈfɨ the -da masc “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (20) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Kata provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Kata forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ| |m|ə| |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈjəsəfa ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃəfa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjəsə</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈjəsəfa ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы шəфачы фы мə јəсəфа фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃəfa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjəsə</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈjəsəfa ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈjəsəfa ˈfɨda
Јы шəфачы фы мə јəсəфа фыда. [jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈjəsəfa ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈʃəfa pat -t͡ʃɨ indicative fɨ 1excl.sing.SUBJ mə 3.sing.masc.OBJ ˈjəsə cat -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -da masc “I patted the cat.” | (21) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |j|ɨ| |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷatəfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃəfa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲɨsa</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷatə</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjəsə</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷatəfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы шəфачы фы ӈвə јы њысачы ӈвə кватəфа фыкъə јəсə фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃəfa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɲɨsa</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷatə</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjəsə</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷatəfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷatəfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda
Јы шəфачы фы ӈвə јы њысачы ӈвə кватəфа фыкъə јəсə фыда. [jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə ˈkʷatəfa ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈʃəfa pat -t͡ʃɨ indicative fɨ 1excl.sing.SUBJ ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ jɨ PAST ˈɲɨsa catch -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ ˈkʷatə mouse -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈjəsə cat ˈfɨ the -da masc “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (22) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ </subs>
+ </np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- </subs>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjasə
### |j|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjasə
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈkʷət͡ʃa
### |kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈkʷət͡ʃa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |j|ɨ| |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |j|ɨ| |j|a|ˈ|s|ə||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |m|ə| |kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃəfa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲɨsa</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjasə</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷət͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷatə</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjəsə</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы шəфачы фы ӈвə јы њысачы ӈвə јы јасəчы мы мə квəчафа фыда кватə фыкъə јəсə фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃəfa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɲɨsa</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjasə</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷət͡ʃa</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷatə</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjəsə</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda
Јы шəфачы фы ӈвə јы њысачы ӈвə јы јасəчы мы мə квəчафа фыда кватə фыкъə јəсə фыда. [jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈʃəfa pat -t͡ʃɨ indicative fɨ 1excl.sing.SUBJ ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ jɨ PAST ˈɲɨsa catch -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ jɨ PAST ˈjasə eat -t͡ʃɨ indicative mɨ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ mə 3.sing.masc.OBJ ˈkʷət͡ʃa cheese -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈkʷatə mouse ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈjəsə cat ˈfɨ the -da masc “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (23) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ɽ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|f|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈʃəfa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|
#-> ˈɲɨsa
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjasə
### |j|a|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjasə
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |ŋʷ|ə|
#-> ŋʷə
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ɽ|ə|
#-> ˈkʼʷɨɽə
### |kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ɽ|ə|
#-> ˈkʼʷɨɽə
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |f|ɨ|
#-> fɨ
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈkʷət͡ʃa
### |kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈkʷət͡ʃa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈfa
### |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈfa
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈkʷatə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|
#-> ˈjəsə
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |j|ɨ| |ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |j|ɨ| |j|a|ˈ|s|ə||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |ŋʷ|ə| |j|ɨ| |kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ɽ|ə||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |f|ɨ| |m|ə| |kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a||f|a| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a| |f|a|ˈ| |kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |j|ə|ˈ|s|ə| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈkʼʷɨɽət͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈfa ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|ʃ|ə|ˈ|f|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɲ|ɨ|ˈ|s|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|a|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.OBJ">|ŋʷ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">|kʼʷ|ɨ|ˈ|ɽ|ə|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|f|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ə|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|f|a|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|s|ə|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃəfa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲɨsa</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjasə</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼʷɨɽə</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷət͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷatə</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjəsə</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈkʼʷɨɽət͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈfa ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы шəфачы фы ӈвə јы њысачы ӈвə јы јасəчы мы ӈвə јы къвыр̇əчы фы мə квəчафа фыда фа кватə фыкъə јəсə фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃəfa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɲɨsa</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjasə</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼʷɨɽə</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷət͡ʃa</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfa</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷatə</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjəsə</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈkʼʷɨɽət͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈfa ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈkʼʷɨɽət͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈfa ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda
Јы шəфачы фы ӈвə јы њысачы ӈвə јы јасəчы мы ӈвə јы къвыр̇əчы фы мə квəчафа фыда фа кватə фыкъə јəсə фыда. [jɨ ˈʃəfat͡ʃɨ fɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈɲɨsat͡ʃɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈjasət͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋʷə jɨ ˈkʼʷɨɽət͡ʃɨ fɨ mə ˈkʷət͡ʃafa ˈfɨda ˈfa ˈkʷatə ˈfɨkʼə ˈjəsə ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈʃəfa pat -t͡ʃɨ indicative fɨ 1excl.sing.SUBJ ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ jɨ PAST ˈɲɨsa catch -t͡ʃɨ indicative ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ jɨ PAST ˈjasə eat -t͡ʃɨ indicative mɨ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ ŋʷə 3.sing.fem.OBJ jɨ PAST ˈkʼʷɨɽə buy -t͡ʃɨ indicative fɨ 1excl.sing.SUBJ mə 3.sing.masc.OBJ ˈkʷət͡ʃa cheese -fa ACC ˈfɨ the -da masc ˈfa 1excl.sing ˈkʷatə mouse ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈjəsə cat ˈfɨ the -da masc “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (24) |
Complementation Strategies
Kata marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </subs>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/optionalGot indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|kʷ|ə|ˈ|b|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.INDOBJ">|ŋ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|ŋʷ|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|kʼ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|kʼ|ɨ|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.INDOBJ">|ʂ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|kʼ|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|ɨ|#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |kʷ|ə|ˈ|b|a|
#-> ˈkʷəba
### |kʷ|ə|ˈ|b|a|
#-> ˈkʷəba
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |m|ɨ|
#-> mɨ
### |ŋ|ɨ|
#-> ŋɨ
### |ŋ|ɨ|
#-> ŋɨ
### |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|ə|
#-> ˈŋʷaɡʷə
### |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|ə|
#-> ˈŋʷaɡʷə
### -|kʼ|ɨ|
#-> -kʼɨ
### -|kʼ|ɨ|
#-> -kʼɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |j|ɨ|
#-> jɨ
### |kʼ|ɨ|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʼɨʃɨ
### |kʼ|ɨ|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|
#-> ˈkʼɨʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### -|t͡ʃ|ɨ|
#-> -t͡ʃɨ
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |m|ə|
#-> mə
### |ʂ|ɨ|
#-> ʂɨ
### |ʂ|ɨ|
#-> ʂɨ
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatə
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |j|ə|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|
#-> ˈjəʃɨ
### |j|ə|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|
#-> ˈjəʃɨ
### -|kʼ|ɨ|
#-> -kʼɨ
### -|kʼ|ɨ|
#-> -kʼɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### -|kʼ|ə|
#-> -kʼə
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|
#-> ˈɡʷadɨ
### |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|
#-> ˈɡʷadɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### |f|ɨ|ˈ|
#-> ˈfɨ
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### -|d|a|
#-> -da
### |j|ɨ| |kʷ|ə|ˈ|b|a||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ɨ| |ŋ|ɨ| |ŋʷ|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|ə||kʼ|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ| |j|ɨ| |kʼ|ɨ|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ||t͡ʃ|ɨ| |m|ə| |ʂ|ɨ| |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə||f|a| |j|ə|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ||kʼ|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ||kʼ|ə| |ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ| |f|ɨ|ˈ||d|a|
#-> jɨ ˈkʷəbat͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋɨ ˈŋʷaɡʷəkʼɨ ˈfɨ jɨ ˈkʼɨʃɨt͡ʃɨ mə ʂɨ ˈt͡ʃatəfa ˈjəʃɨkʼɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈɡʷadɨ ˈfɨda
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|kʷ|ə|ˈ|b|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|m|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.INDOBJ">|ŋ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|ŋʷ|a|ˈ|ɡʷ|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|kʼ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|j|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|kʼ|ɨ|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|t͡ʃ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.OBJ">|m|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.INDOBJ">|ʂ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|t|ə|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|j|ə|ˈ|ʃ|ɨ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|kʼ|ɨ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|kʼ|ə|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|a|ˈ|d|ɨ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɨ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|d|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷəba</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.INDOBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋʷaɡʷə</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼɨ</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼɨʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂɨ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.INDOBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃatə</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjəʃɨ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼɨ</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kʼə</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡʷadɨ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɨ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jɨ ˈkʷəbat͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋɨ ˈŋʷaɡʷəkʼɨ ˈfɨ jɨ ˈkʼɨʃɨt͡ʃɨ mə ʂɨ ˈt͡ʃatəfa ˈjəʃɨkʼɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈɡʷadɨ ˈfɨda</p>
+ <p>јы квəбачы мы ӈы ӈвагвəкъы фы јы къышычы мə с̇ы чатəфа јəшыкъы фыкъə гвады фыда</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʷəba</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.INDOBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋʷaɡʷə</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼɨ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jɨ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼɨʃɨ</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-t͡ʃɨ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʂɨ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.INDOBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃatə</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjəʃɨ</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼɨ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-kʼə</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡʷadɨ</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɨ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-da</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jɨ ˈkʷəbat͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋɨ ˈŋʷaɡʷəkʼɨ ˈfɨ jɨ ˈkʼɨʃɨt͡ʃɨ mə ʂɨ ˈt͡ʃatəfa ˈjəʃɨkʼɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈɡʷadɨ ˈfɨda#-> jɨ ˈkʷəbat͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋɨ ˈŋʷaɡʷəkʼɨ ˈfɨ jɨ ˈkʼɨʃɨt͡ʃɨ mə ʂɨ ˈt͡ʃatəfa ˈjəʃɨkʼɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈɡʷadɨ ˈfɨda
Јы квəбачы мы ӈы ӈвагвəкъы фы јы къышычы мə с̇ы чатəфа јəшыкъы фыкъə гвады фыда. [jɨ ˈkʷəbat͡ʃɨ mɨ ŋɨ ˈŋʷaɡʷəkʼɨ ˈfɨ jɨ ˈkʼɨʃɨt͡ʃɨ mə ʂɨ ˈt͡ʃatəfa ˈjəʃɨkʼɨ ˈfɨkʼə ˈɡʷadɨ ˈfɨda] jɨ PAST ˈkʷəba surprise -t͡ʃɨ indicative mɨ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ ŋɨ 3.sing.neut.INDOBJ ˈŋʷaɡʷə teacher -kʼɨ DAT ˈfɨ the jɨ PAST ˈkʼɨʃɨ give -t͡ʃɨ indicative mə 3.sing.masc.OBJ ʂɨ 3.sing.fem.INDOBJ ˈt͡ʃatə apple -fa ACC ˈjəʃɨ girl -kʼɨ DAT ˈfɨ the -kʼə fem ˈɡʷadɨ boy ˈfɨ the -da masc “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (25) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Kata / Kata–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/36MNZ
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Kata. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 10 May 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/36MNZ
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-36MNZ,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Kata}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/36MNZ}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 10 May 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.06 seconds.