A Grammar of Khara
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Khara language (the 133rd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Khara.
Typological Profile
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Khara has 23 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition, an exceptionally large and contrastive set of fricatives, a highly elaborate approximant system, an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory and a markedly rich set of labial consonants.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Khara. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | lateral | palatal | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | k ɡ | |||||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| fricative | f | θ | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
| approximant | ʋ | ɾ | j | |||||
| affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ |
Vowels
Khara has 13 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a partially contrastive system of vowel length, front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin), an unusually fine-grained height system distinguishing four levels and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Khara. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front unrounded | front rounded | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | y | u | |
| close-mid | e | ø | o | |
| open-mid | ɛ | œ | ɔ | |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Khara has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Khara is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /a/ | b /b/ | d /d/ | e /ɛ/ |
| f /f/ | g /ɡ/ | h /h/ | i /i/ |
| j /j/ | k /k/ | m /m/ | n /n/ |
| o /ɔ/ | p /p/ | r /ɾ/ | s /s/ |
| t /t/ | u /u/ | w /ʋ/ | y /y/ |
| é /e/ | ñ /ɲ/ | ó /o/ | ø /ø/ |
| œ /œ/ | ɥ /ɥ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| aa /aː/ | ai /ai/ | au /au/ |
| ch /t͡ʃ/ | ee /ɛː/ | ii /iː/ |
| kh /x/ | ng /ŋ/ | oo /ɔː/ |
| sh /ʃ/ | th /θ/ | tz /t͡s/ |
| uu /uː/ | yy /yː/ | éé /eː/ |
| óó /oː/ | øø /øː/ | œː /œː/ |
| ɔi /ɔi/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Khara does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Khara does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Khara can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">|t|y|ˈ|j|y|</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|h|e|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">|s|u|ˈ|ɲ|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|yː|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|d|ai|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|ɛː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|j|a|</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t|y|ˈ|j|y|
#-> ˈtyjy
### |t|y|ˈ|j|y|
#-> ˈtyjy
### |h|e|ˈ|
#-> ˈhe
### |h|e|ˈ|
#-> ˈhe
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |s|u|ˈ|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈsuɲa
### |s|u|ˈ|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈsuɲa
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈdai
### |d|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈdai
### |t͡ʃ|ɛː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛː
### |t͡ʃ|ɛː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛː
### |t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈt͡ʃeja
### |t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈt͡ʃeja
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈŋufi
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈŋufi
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t|y|ˈ|j|y| |h|e|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |s|u|ˈ|ɲ|a| |m||yː|ˈ|s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |d|ai|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|ɛː|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|j|a||ɾ|u| |j|y||ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈtyjy ˈhe ˈɾøː ˈsuɲa ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈdai ˈt͡ʃɛː ˈt͡ʃejaɾu jyˈŋufi
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">|t|y|ˈ|j|y|</word>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|h|e|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">|s|u|ˈ|ɲ|a|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|yː|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|d|ai|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|ɛː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|j|a|</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtyjy</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhe</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuɲa</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyːs</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdai</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃɛː</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃeja</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jy-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋufi</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈtyjy ˈhe ˈɾøː ˈsuɲa ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈdai ˈt͡ʃɛː ˈt͡ʃejaɾu jyˈŋufi</p>
+ <p>røø tyjy Hé røø suña myysichu dai chee chéjaru jyngufi</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtyjy</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhe</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsuɲa</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyːs</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdai</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃɛː</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃeja</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jy-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋufi</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈtyjy ˈhe ˈɾøː ˈsuɲa ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈdai ˈt͡ʃɛː ˈt͡ʃejaɾu jyˈŋufi#-> ˈɾøː ˈtyjy ˈhe ˈɾøː ˈsuɲa ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈdai ˈt͡ʃɛː ˈt͡ʃejaɾu jyˈŋufi
Røø tyjy Hé røø suña myysichu dai chee chéjaru jyngufi. [ˈɾøː ˈtyjy ˈhe ˈɾøː ˈsuɲa ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈdai ˈt͡ʃɛː ˈt͡ʃejaɾu jyˈŋufi] ˈɾøː the ˈtyjy woman ˈhe COMIT ˈɾøː the ˈsuɲa knife m- indicative ˈyːs catch -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈdai yon ˈt͡ʃɛː three ˈt͡ʃeja blind -ɾu ACC jy- plur ˈŋufi mouse “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Khara consists of an optional prefix expressing number, comprising jy- /jy-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.
The Adjective
In Khara, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -ru /-ɾu/ ‘ACC’, -ry /-ɾy/ ‘GEN’, -ja /-ja/ ‘DAT’, -ha /-ha/ ‘INS’, -ju /-ju/ ‘VOC’, -chu /-t͡ʃu/ ‘ALL’, -pu /-pu/ ‘LOC’, -ni /-ni/ ‘ABL’ and -mi /-mi/ ‘PART’.
Numerals
The numeral in Khara stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Khara stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Khara stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for happy/adj/case/optional
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|d|e|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing">|ɔ|ˈ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|</word> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|j|ɛ|ˈ|</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|d|eː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|j|ø|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|e|ˈ|#-> ˈde
### |d|e|ˈ|
#-> ˈde
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔ|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈɔt
### |ɔ|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈɔt
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈɥyfi
### |ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈɥyfi
### |j|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈjɛ
### |j|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈjɛ
### |d|eː|ˈ|
#-> ˈdeː
### |d|eː|ˈ|
#-> ˈdeː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔit͡s
### |ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔit͡s
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |j|ø|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈjøt͡ʃa
### |j|ø|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈjøt͡ʃa
### |d|e|ˈ| |m||ɔ|ˈ|t||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i| |j|ɛ|ˈ| |d|eː|ˈ| |m||ɔi|ˈ|t͡s||u| |j|ø|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|
#-> ˈde ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɥyfi ˈjɛ ˈdeː ˈmɔit͡su ˈjøt͡ʃa
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|d|e|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing">|ɔ|ˈ|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|</word>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|j|ɛ|ˈ|</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|d|eː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|j|ø|ˈ|t͡ʃ|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈde</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔt</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɥyfi</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjɛ</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdeː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔit͡s</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjøt͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈde ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɥyfi ˈjɛ ˈdeː ˈmɔit͡su ˈjøt͡ʃa</p>
+ <p>dé motichu røø ɥyfi je déé mɔitzu jøcha</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈde</o>
+ <g>1excl.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔt</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɥyfi</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjɛ</o>
+ <g>because</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdeː</o>
+ <g>1incl.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔit͡s</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjøt͡ʃa</o>
+ <g>happy</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈde ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɥyfi ˈjɛ ˈdeː ˈmɔit͡su ˈjøt͡ʃa#-> ˈde ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɥyfi ˈjɛ ˈdeː ˈmɔit͡su ˈjøt͡ʃa
Dé motichu røø ɥyfi je déé mɔitzu jøcha. [ˈde ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɥyfi ˈjɛ ˈdeː ˈmɔit͡su ˈjøt͡ʃa] ˈde 1excl.plur m- indicative ˈɔt kill -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈɥyfi tiger ˈjɛ because ˈdeː 1incl.plur m- indicative ˈɔit͡s be -u POS ˈjøt͡ʃa happy “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|œ|ˈ|#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ| |m||ɔː|ˈ|t͡s||u| |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ</p>
+ <p>pœ mootzu pœ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔːt͡s</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ#-> ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ
Pœ mootzu pœ. [ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ] ˈpœ 3.sing m- indicative ˈɔːt͡s love -u POS ˈpœ 3.sing “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|œ|ˈ|#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ| |m||ɔː|ˈ|t͡s||u| |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ</p>
+ <p>pœ mootzu pœ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔːt͡s</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ#-> ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ
Pœ mootzu pœ. [ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ] ˈpœ 3.sing m- indicative ˈɔːt͡s love -u POS ˈpœ 3.sing “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|œ|ˈ|#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ| |m||ɔː|ˈ|t͡s||u| |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ</p>
+ <p>pœ mootzu pœ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔːt͡s</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ#-> ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ
Pœ mootzu pœ. [ˈpœ ˈmɔːt͡su ˈpœ] ˈpœ 3.sing m- indicative ˈɔːt͡s love -u POS ˈpœ 3.sing “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Fetsi hates Sera."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Fetsi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|f|ɛː|ˈ|t͡s|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔ|ˈ|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sera" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|s|e|ˈ|ɾ|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |f|ɛː|ˈ|t͡s|i|
#-> ˈfɛːt͡si
### |f|ɛː|ˈ|t͡s|i|
#-> ˈfɛːt͡si
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔ|ˈ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ˈɔt͡ʃ
### |ɔ|ˈ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ˈɔt͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |s|e|ˈ|ɾ|a|
#-> ˈseɾa
### |s|e|ˈ|ɾ|a|
#-> ˈseɾa
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |f|ɛː|ˈ|t͡s|i| |m||ɔ|ˈ|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |s|e|ˈ|ɾ|a|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈfɛːt͡si ˈmɔt͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈseɾa
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Fetsi hates Sera.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Fetsi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|f|ɛː|ˈ|t͡s|i|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔ|ˈ|t͡ʃ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Sera" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|s|e|ˈ|ɾ|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfɛːt͡si</span><br><span class="gls">Fetsi</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈseɾa</span><br><span class="gls">Sera</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈfɛːt͡si ˈmɔt͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈseɾa</p>
+ <p>røø Feetzi mochu røø Séra</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfɛːt͡si</o>
+ <g>Fetsi</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔt͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈseɾa</o>
+ <g>Sera</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈfɛːt͡si ˈmɔt͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈseɾa#-> ˈɾøː ˈfɛːt͡si ˈmɔt͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈseɾa
Røø Feetzi mochu røø Séra. [ˈɾøː ˈfɛːt͡si ˈmɔt͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈseɾa] ˈɾøː the ˈfɛːt͡si Fetsi m- indicative ˈɔt͡ʃ hate -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈseɾa Sera “Fetsi hates Sera.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|f|e|ˈ|p|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |f|e|ˈ|p|a|
#-> ˈfepa
### |f|e|ˈ|p|a|
#-> ˈfepa
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |f|e|ˈ|p|a| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|f|e|ˈ|p|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfepa</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɔpu</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu</p>
+ <p>røø fépa røø tzopu</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfepa</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sɔpu</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu#-> ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu
røø fépa røø tzopu [ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu] ˈɾøː the ˈfepa boy ˈɾøː the ˈt͡sɔpu apple “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|œ|ˈ|#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |p|œ|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈpœ ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɔpu</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈpœ ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu</p>
+ <p>pœ røø tzopu</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sɔpu</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈpœ ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu#-> ˈpœ ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu
pœ røø tzopu [ˈpœ ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu] ˈpœ 3.sing ˈɾøː the ˈt͡sɔpu apple “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |t͡s|au|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sau ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɔpu</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡sau ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu</p>
+ <p>tzau røø tzopu</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sɔpu</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡sau ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu#-> ˈt͡sau ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu
tzau røø tzopu [ˈt͡sau ˈɾøː ˈt͡sɔpu] ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing ˈɾøː the ˈt͡sɔpu apple “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ŋ|ai|ˈ|j|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|
#-> ˈmoːʋu
### |m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|
#-> ˈmoːʋu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |yː|ˈ|ɡ|
#-> ˈyːɡ
### |yː|ˈ|ɡ|
#-> ˈyːɡ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ŋ|ai|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈŋaija
### |ŋ|ai|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈŋaija
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈɡaːki
### |ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈɡaːki
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u| |m||yː|ˈ|ɡ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ŋ|ai|ˈ|j|a| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈmyːɡit͡ʃu ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈŋaija ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ŋ|ai|ˈ|j|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaxi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmoːʋu</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃɛ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋaija</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaːki</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈmyːɡit͡ʃu ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈŋaija ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki</p>
+ <p>røø gakhi røø móówu myygichu che røø ngaija røø gaaki</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡaxi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmoːʋu</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyːɡ</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃɛ</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋaija</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡaːki</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈmyːɡit͡ʃu ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈŋaija ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈmyːɡit͡ʃu ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈŋaija ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki
Røø gakhi røø móówu myygichu che røø ngaija røø gaaki. [ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈmyːɡit͡ʃu ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈŋaija ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki] ˈɾøː the ˈɡaxi hunter ˈɾøː the ˈmoːʋu daughter m- indicative ˈyːɡ kiss -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈt͡ʃɛ 2.sing ˈɾøː the ˈŋaija neighbour ˈɾøː the ˈɡaːki son “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
Khara has no derivational processes.
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">|n|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |n|a|ˈ|#-> ˈna
### |n|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈna
### |ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈɥeja
### |ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈɥeja
### |n|a|ˈ| |ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈna ˈɥeja
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">|n|a|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈna</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɥeja</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈna ˈɥeja</p>
+ <p>na ɥéja</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈna</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɥeja</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈna ˈɥeja#-> ˈna ˈɥeja
na ɥéja [ˈna ˈɥeja] ˈna a ˈɥeja lamb “a lamb” | (11) |
Note how none show up here:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for little/adj/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|øː|ˈ|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">|i|ˈ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|n|a|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|m|e|ˈ|b|a|</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">|b|oː|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|œ|ˈ|#-> ˈpœ
### |p|œ|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |øː|ˈ|m|
#-> ˈøːm
### |øː|ˈ|m|
#-> ˈøːm
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈit
### |i|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈit
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |n|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈna
### |n|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈna
### |m|e|ˈ|b|a|
#-> ˈmeba
### |m|e|ˈ|b|a|
#-> ˈmeba
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈɥeja
### |ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|
#-> ˈɥeja
### |b|oː|ˈ|
#-> ˈboː
### |b|oː|ˈ|
#-> ˈboː
### |p|œ|ˈ| |m||øː|ˈ|m||i|t͡ʃ||u| |m||i|ˈ|t||i|t͡ʃ||u| |n|a|ˈ| |m|e|ˈ|b|a||ɾ|u| |ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a| |b|oː|ˈ|
#-> ˈpœ ˈmøːmit͡ʃu ˈmitit͡ʃu ˈna ˈmebaɾu ˈɥeja ˈboː
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|p|œ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|øː|ˈ|m|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">|i|ˈ|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|n|a|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|m|e|ˈ|b|a|</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɥ|e|ˈ|j|a|</word>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">|b|oː|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpœ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈøːm</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈit</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈna</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmeba</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɥeja</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboː</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈpœ ˈmøːmit͡ʃu ˈmitit͡ʃu ˈna ˈmebaɾu ˈɥeja ˈboː</p>
+ <p>pœ møømichu mitichu na mébaru ɥéja Bóó</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpœ</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈøːm</o>
+ <g>want</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈit</o>
+ <g>have</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈna</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmeba</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɥeja</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈboː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈpœ ˈmøːmit͡ʃu ˈmitit͡ʃu ˈna ˈmebaɾu ˈɥeja ˈboː#-> ˈpœ ˈmøːmit͡ʃu ˈmitit͡ʃu ˈna ˈmebaɾu ˈɥeja ˈboː
Pœ møømichu mitichu na mébaru ɥéja Bóó. [ˈpœ ˈmøːmit͡ʃu ˈmitit͡ʃu ˈna ˈmebaɾu ˈɥeja ˈboː] ˈpœ 3.sing m- indicative ˈøːm want -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS m- indicative ˈit have -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈna a ˈmeba little -ɾu ACC ˈɥeja lamb ˈboː COMP “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (12) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
There are no clitics in the verbal phrase.In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an optional prefix expressing voice, comprising sa- /sa-/ ‘passive’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing mode, comprising m- /m-/ ‘indicative’, s- /s-/ ‘imperative’, t- /t-/ ‘conditional’ and ng- /ŋ-/ ‘optative’; third, the root; fourth, an optional suffix expressing ta, comprising -ich /-it͡ʃ/ ‘PAST’; and finally, fifth, an obligatory suffix expressing negation, comprising -a /-a/ ‘NEG’ and -u /-u/ ‘POS’.
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### |ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈɔːt͡s
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ
### |t͡s|au|ˈ| |m||ɔː|ˈ|t͡s||u| |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmɔːt͡su ˈt͡ʃɛ
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|ɔː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃɛ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡sau ˈmɔːt͡su ˈt͡ʃɛ</p>
+ <p>tzau mootzu che</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔːt͡s</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃɛ</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡sau ˈmɔːt͡su ˈt͡ʃɛ#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmɔːt͡su ˈt͡ʃɛ
Tzau mootzu che. [ˈt͡sau ˈmɔːt͡su ˈt͡ʃɛ] ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing m- indicative ˈɔːt͡s love -u POS ˈt͡ʃɛ 2.sing “I love you.” | (13) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|x|ɛː|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|t͡s|oː|ˈ|θ|u|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |x|ɛː|ˈ|#-> ˈxɛː
### |x|ɛː|ˈ|
#-> ˈxɛː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t͡s|oː|ˈ|θ|u|
#-> ˈt͡soːθu
### |t͡s|oː|ˈ|θ|u|
#-> ˈt͡soːθu
### |x|ɛː|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t͡s|oː|ˈ|θ|u|
#-> ˈxɛː ˈɾøː ˈt͡soːθu
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|x|ɛː|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|t͡s|oː|ˈ|θ|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxɛː</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡soːθu</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈxɛː ˈɾøː ˈt͡soːθu</p>
+ <p>khee røø tzóóthu</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈxɛː</o>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡soːθu</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈxɛː ˈɾøː ˈt͡soːθu#-> ˈxɛː ˈɾøː ˈt͡soːθu
khee røø tzóóthu [ˈxɛː ˈɾøː ˈt͡soːθu] ˈxɛː in_surface ˈɾøː the ˈt͡soːθu table “on the table” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|j|œː|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|b|y|ˈ|n|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|œː|ˈ|#-> ˈjœː
### |j|œː|ˈ|
#-> ˈjœː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |b|y|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈbyna
### |b|y|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈbyna
### |j|œː|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |b|y|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈjœː ˈɾøː ˈbyna
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|j|œː|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">|b|y|ˈ|n|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjœː</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbyna</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈjœː ˈɾøː ˈbyna</p>
+ <p>jœː røø byna</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈjœː</o>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbyna</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈjœː ˈɾøː ˈbyna#-> ˈjœː ˈɾøː ˈbyna
jœː røø byna [ˈjœː ˈɾøː ˈbyna] ˈjœː to_inside ˈɾøː the ˈbyna box “into the box” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|h|e|ˈ|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|e|ˈ|#-> ˈhe
### |h|e|ˈ|
#-> ˈhe
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |h|e|ˈ| |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈhe ˈt͡sau
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|h|e|ˈ|</word>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhe</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈhe ˈt͡sau</p>
+ <p>Hé tzau</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhe</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈhe ˈt͡sau#-> ˈhe ˈt͡sau
Hé tzau [ˈhe ˈt͡sau] ˈhe COMIT ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing “with me” | (16) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Khara employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Khara.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔ|ˈ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈɡɛːʃa
### |ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈɡɛːʃa
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔ|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈɔt
### |ɔ|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈɔt
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a| |m||ɔ|ˈ|t||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡɛːʃa ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ɔ|ˈ|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡɛːʃa</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔt</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaxi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈɡɛːʃa ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi</p>
+ <p>røø geesha motichu røø gakhi</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡɛːʃa</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔt</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡaxi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈɡɛːʃa ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡɛːʃa ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi
Røø geesha motichu røø gakhi. [ˈɾøː ˈɡɛːʃa ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi] ˈɾøː the ˈɡɛːʃa jaguar m- indicative ˈɔt kill -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈɡaxi hunter “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|uː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|d|oː|ˈ|ɾ|u|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|
#-> ˈɡyʋi
### |ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|
#-> ˈɡyʋi
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |uː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈuːt͡s
### |uː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈuːt͡s
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|
#-> ˈmoːʋu
### |m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|
#-> ˈmoːʋu
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |d|oː|ˈ|ɾ|u|
#-> ˈdoːɾu
### |d|oː|ˈ|ɾ|u|
#-> ˈdoːɾu
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i| |m||uː|ˈ|t͡s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |d|oː|ˈ|ɾ|u|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡyʋi ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈɾøː ˈdoːɾu
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|uː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|m|oː|ˈ|ʋ|u|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">|d|oː|ˈ|ɾ|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡyʋi</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaxi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmoːʋu</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdoːɾu</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈɡyʋi ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈɾøː ˈdoːɾu</p>
+ <p>røø gywi muutzichu røø gakhi røø móówu røø dóóru</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡyʋi</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈuːt͡s</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡaxi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmoːʋu</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdoːɾu</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈɡyʋi ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈɾøː ˈdoːɾu#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡyʋi ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈɾøː ˈdoːɾu
Røø gywi muutzichu røø gakhi røø móówu røø dóóru. [ˈɾøː ˈɡyʋi ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈɾøː ˈmoːʋu ˈɾøː ˈdoːɾu] ˈɾøː the ˈɡyʋi lion m- indicative ˈuːt͡s eat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈɡaxi hunter ˈɾøː the ˈmoːʋu daughter ˈɾøː the ˈdoːɾu dog “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (18) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Khara reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Khara expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|b|i|ˈ|d|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|b|oː|ˈ|θ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈɡaːki
### |ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈɡaːki
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |b|i|ˈ|d|a|
#-> ˈbida
### |b|i|ˈ|d|a|
#-> ˈbida
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |b|oː|ˈ|θ|i|
#-> ˈboːθi
### |b|oː|ˈ|θ|i|
#-> ˈboːθi
### |t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |b|i|ˈ|d|a| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |b|oː|ˈ|θ|i|
#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki ˈɾøː ˈbida ˈɾøː ˈboːθi
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|t͡ʃ|ɛ|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɡ|aː|ˈ|k|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">|b|i|ˈ|d|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">|b|oː|ˈ|θ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃɛ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaːki</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbida</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboːθi</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki ˈɾøː ˈbida ˈɾøː ˈboːθi</p>
+ <p>che røø gaaki røø bida røø bóóthi</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃɛ</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡaːki</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbida</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈboːθi</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki ˈɾøː ˈbida ˈɾøː ˈboːθi#-> ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki ˈɾøː ˈbida ˈɾøː ˈboːθi
che røø gaaki røø bida røø bóóthi [ˈt͡ʃɛ ˈɾøː ˈɡaːki ˈɾøː ˈbida ˈɾøː ˈboːθi] ˈt͡ʃɛ 2.sing ˈɾøː the ˈɡaːki son ˈɾøː the ˈbida friend ˈɾøː the ˈboːθi book “your son’s friend’s book” | (19) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|ɔ|ˈ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|ɾ|o|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|ɾ|o|ˈ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|
#-> ˈɡaxi
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɔ|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈɔt
### |ɔ|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈɔt
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈɡɛːʃa
### |ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈɡɛːʃa
### |ɾ|o|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾo
### |ɾ|o|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾo
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈɥyfi
### |ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈɥyfi
### |ɾ|o|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾo
### |ɾ|o|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾo
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |j|y|-
#-> jy-
### |ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|
#-> ˈɡyʋi
### |ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|
#-> ˈɡyʋi
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i| |m||ɔ|ˈ|t||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |j|y||ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a| |ɾ|o|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |j|y||ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i| |ɾ|o|ˈ| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |j|y||ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː jyˈɡɛːʃa ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɥyfi ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɡyʋi
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɡ|a|ˈ|x|i|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|ɔ|ˈ|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɡ|ɛː|ˈ|ʃ|a|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|ɾ|o|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɥ|y|ˈ|f|i|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|ɾ|o|ˈ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|y|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ɡ|y|ˈ|ʋ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaxi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔt</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jy-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡɛːʃa</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾo</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jy-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɥyfi</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾo</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jy-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡyʋi</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː jyˈɡɛːʃa ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɥyfi ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɡyʋi</p>
+ <p>røø gakhi motichu røø jygeesha ró røø jyɥyfi ró røø jygywi</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡaxi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɔt</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jy-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡɛːʃa</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾo</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jy-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɥyfi</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾo</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jy-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡyʋi</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː jyˈɡɛːʃa ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɥyfi ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɡyʋi#-> ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː jyˈɡɛːʃa ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɥyfi ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɡyʋi
Røø gakhi motichu røø jygeesha ró røø jyɥyfi ró røø jygywi. [ˈɾøː ˈɡaxi ˈmɔtit͡ʃu ˈɾøː jyˈɡɛːʃa ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɥyfi ˈɾo ˈɾøː jyˈɡyʋi] ˈɾøː the ˈɡaxi hunter m- indicative ˈɔt kill -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the jy- plur ˈɡɛːʃa jaguar ˈɾo and ˈɾøː the jy- plur ˈɥyfi tiger ˈɾo and ˈɾøː the jy- plur ˈɡyʋi lion “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (20) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Khara provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Khara forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|
#-> ˈtusy
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|
#-> ˈtusy
### |t͡s|au|ˈ| |m||eː|ˈ|ŋ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t|u|ˈ|s|y|
#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈeːŋ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtusy</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy</p>
+ <p>tzau mééngichu røø tusy</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈeːŋ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtusy</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy
Tzau mééngichu røø tusy. [ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy] ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing m- indicative ˈeːŋ pat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈtusy cat “I patted the cat.” | (21) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|,
#-> ˈtusy,
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|,
#-> ˈtusy,
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈŋufi
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈŋufi
### |t͡s|au|ˈ| |m||eː|ˈ|ŋ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t|u|ˈ|s|y|, |t͡s|aː|ˈ| |m||yː|ˈ|s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈeːŋ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtusy,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡saː</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyːs</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋufi</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi</p>
+ <p>tzau mééngichu røø tusy, tzaa myysichu røø ngufi</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈeːŋ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtusy,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡saː</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyːs</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋufi</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi
Tzau mééngichu røø tusy, tzaa myysichu røø ngufi. [ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi] ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing m- indicative ˈeːŋ pat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈtusy, cat ˈt͡saː RELPRON m- indicative ˈyːs catch -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈŋufi mouse “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (22) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|uː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after">|k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|,
#-> ˈtusy,
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|,
#-> ˈtusy,
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|,
#-> ˈŋufi,
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|,
#-> ˈŋufi,
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |uː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈuːt͡s
### |uː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈuːt͡s
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|
#-> ˈkaɥa
### |k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|
#-> ˈkaɥa
### |t͡s|au|ˈ| |m||eː|ˈ|ŋ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t|u|ˈ|s|y|, |t͡s|aː|ˈ| |m||yː|ˈ|s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|, |t͡s|aː|ˈ| |m||uː|ˈ|t͡s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|
#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|uː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after">|k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈeːŋ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtusy,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡saː</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyːs</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋufi,</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡saː</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkaɥa</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa</p>
+ <p>tzau mééngichu røø tusy, tzaa myysichu røø ngufi, tzaa muutzichu røø kaɥa</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈeːŋ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtusy,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡saː</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyːs</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋufi,</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡saː</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈuːt͡s</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkaɥa</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa
Tzau mééngichu røø tusy, tzaa myysichu røø ngufi, tzaa muutzichu røø kaɥa. [ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa] ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing m- indicative ˈeːŋ pat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈtusy, cat ˈt͡saː RELPRON m- indicative ˈyːs catch -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈŋufi, mouse ˈt͡saː RELPRON m- indicative ˈuːt͡s eat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈkaɥa cheese “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (23) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|uː|ˈ|t͡s|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|iː|ˈ|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### |eː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈeːŋ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|,
#-> ˈtusy,
### |t|u|ˈ|s|y|,
#-> ˈtusy,
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### |yː|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈyːs
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|,
#-> ˈŋufi,
### |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|,
#-> ˈŋufi,
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |uː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈuːt͡s
### |uː|ˈ|t͡s|
#-> ˈuːt͡s
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|,
#-> ˈkaɥa,
### |k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|,
#-> ˈkaɥa,
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |t͡s|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡saː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |iː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈiːŋ
### |iː|ˈ|ŋ|
#-> ˈiːŋ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau
### |t͡s|au|ˈ| |m||eː|ˈ|ŋ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |t|u|ˈ|s|y|, |t͡s|aː|ˈ| |m||yː|ˈ|s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|, |t͡s|aː|ˈ| |m||uː|ˈ|t͡s||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|, |t͡s|aː|ˈ| |m||iː|ˈ|ŋ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |t͡s|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa, ˈt͡saː ˈmiːŋit͡ʃu ˈt͡sau
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|eː|ˈ|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|t|u|ˈ|s|y|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ŋ|u|ˈ|f|i|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|uː|ˈ|t͡s|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">|k|a|ˈ|ɥ|a|,</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">|t͡s|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|iː|ˈ|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|t͡s|au|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈeːŋ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtusy,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡saː</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyːs</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋufi,</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡saː</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːt͡s</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkaɥa,</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡saː</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiːŋ</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa, ˈt͡saː ˈmiːŋit͡ʃu ˈt͡sau</p>
+ <p>tzau mééngichu røø tusy, tzaa myysichu røø ngufi, tzaa muutzichu røø kaɥa, tzaa miingichu tzau</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈeːŋ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtusy,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡saː</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyːs</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈŋufi,</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡saː</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈuːt͡s</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkaɥa,</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡saː</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈiːŋ</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa, ˈt͡saː ˈmiːŋit͡ʃu ˈt͡sau#-> ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa, ˈt͡saː ˈmiːŋit͡ʃu ˈt͡sau
Tzau mééngichu røø tusy, tzaa myysichu røø ngufi, tzaa muutzichu røø kaɥa, tzaa miingichu tzau. [ˈt͡sau ˈmeːŋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈtusy, ˈt͡saː ˈmyːsit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈŋufi, ˈt͡saː ˈmuːt͡sit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈkaɥa, ˈt͡saː ˈmiːŋit͡ʃu ˈt͡sau] ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing m- indicative ˈeːŋ pat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈtusy, cat ˈt͡saː RELPRON m- indicative ˈyːs catch -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈŋufi, mouse ˈt͡saː RELPRON m- indicative ˈuːt͡s eat -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈkaɥa, cheese ˈt͡saː RELPRON m- indicative ˈiːŋ buy -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈt͡sau 1excl.sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (24) |
Complementation Strategies
Khara introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|f|e|ˈ|p|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|ʋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">|ɾ|ø|ˈ|f|a|</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|n|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">|b|oː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">|œ|ˈ|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">|h|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |f|e|ˈ|p|a|
#-> ˈfepa
### |f|e|ˈ|p|a|
#-> ˈfepa
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |yː|ˈ|ʋ|
#-> ˈyːʋ
### |yː|ˈ|ʋ|
#-> ˈyːʋ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|ø|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈɾøfa
### |ɾ|ø|ˈ|f|a|
#-> ˈɾøfa
### |n|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈna
### |n|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈna
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|
#-> ˈt͡sɔpu
### |b|oː|ˈ|
#-> ˈboː
### |b|oː|ˈ|
#-> ˈboː
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |œ|ˈ|m|
#-> ˈœm
### |œ|ˈ|m|
#-> ˈœm
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> -it͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɾøː
### |h|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|a|
#-> ˈhɔit͡sa
### |h|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|a|
#-> ˈhɔit͡sa
### |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |f|e|ˈ|p|a| |m||yː|ˈ|ʋ||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |ɾ|ø|ˈ|f|a| |n|a|ˈ| |t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u| |b|oː|ˈ| |m||œ|ˈ|m||i|t͡ʃ||u| |ɾ|øː|ˈ| |h|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|a|
#-> ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈmyːʋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɾøfa ˈna ˈt͡sɔpu ˈboː ˈmœmit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈhɔit͡sa
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|f|e|ˈ|p|a|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|ʋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">|ɾ|ø|ˈ|f|a|</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|n|a|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|t͡s|ɔ|ˈ|p|u|</word>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">|b|oː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">|œ|ˈ|m|</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">-|i|t͡ʃ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">-|u|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">|ɾ|øː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">|h|ɔi|ˈ|t͡s|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfepa</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyːʋ</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøfa</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈna</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɔpu</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboː</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈœm</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾøː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhɔit͡sa</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈmyːʋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɾøfa ˈna ˈt͡sɔpu ˈboː ˈmœmit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈhɔit͡sa</p>
+ <p>røø fépa myywichu røø røfa na tzopu Bóó mœmichu røø hɔitza</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfepa</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyːʋ</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøfa</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈna</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡sɔpu</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈboː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈœm</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-it͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɾøː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhɔit͡sa</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈmyːʋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɾøfa ˈna ˈt͡sɔpu ˈboː ˈmœmit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈhɔit͡sa#-> ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈmyːʋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɾøfa ˈna ˈt͡sɔpu ˈboː ˈmœmit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈhɔit͡sa
Røø fépa myywichu røø røfa na tzopu Bóó mœmichu røø hɔitza. [ˈɾøː ˈfepa ˈmyːʋit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈɾøfa ˈna ˈt͡sɔpu ˈboː ˈmœmit͡ʃu ˈɾøː ˈhɔit͡sa] ˈɾøː the ˈfepa boy m- indicative ˈyːʋ give -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈɾøfa girl ˈna a ˈt͡sɔpu apple ˈboː COMP m- indicative ˈœm surprise -it͡ʃ PAST -u POS ˈɾøː the ˈhɔit͡sa teacher “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (25) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Khara / Khara–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/38V10
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Khara. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 14 May 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/38V10
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-38V10,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Khara}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/38V10}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 14 May 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.04 seconds.