A Grammar of Tot
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Tot language (the 135th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Tot.
Typological Profile
It has not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as a rich system of noun classes and a complete lack of sibilant consonants.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Tot has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 30 phonemes.
It has a complete lack of sibilant consonants, a noticeable presence of pharyngealised phonemes, a system with marginal but genuine retroflex contrasts and a broad and varied fricative inventory.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Tot. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | lateral | palatal | retroflex | velar | lab. velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | dˤ tˤ | ɖ ʈ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | ||||
| nasal | m | n | nˤ | ɲ | ɳ | ŋ | ŋʷ | |||
| trill/tap/flap | ɽ | |||||||||
| fricative | f | x | xʷ | h | ||||||
| approximant | w | ɾ | j | |||||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | |||||||||
| implosive | ɓ |
Vowels
Tot has 9 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels, a triangular vowel system with few low vowels and a fully three-way front–central–back distinction.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Tot. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | ɨ | u |
| mid | e | ə# | o |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Tot has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Tot is normally written using the Devanagari abugida, the script employed for Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi and several other Indo-Aryan languages. This grammar also makes systematic use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to present an exact account of pronunciation.
Devanagari’s syllabic structure differs markedly from the IPA’s segmental approach, so the two notations complement one another: the script shows the organisation of syllables, while the IPA supplies detail on individual sounds.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ə# /ə#/ | अ /a/ | इ /i/ | उ /u/ |
| ए /e/ | ऐ /ai/ | ओ /o/ | औ /au/ |
| क् /k/ | ग् /ɡ/ | ङ् /ŋ/ | च् /t͡ʃ/ |
| ञ् /ɲ/ | ट् /ʈ/ | ड् /ɖ/ | ण् /ɳ/ |
| त् /t/ | त़् /tˤ/ | द् /d/ | द़् /dˤ/ |
| न् /n/ | ऩ् /nˤ/ | प् /p/ | ब् /b/ |
| भ् /ɓ/ | म् /m/ | य् /j/ | र् /ɾ/ |
| ऱ् /ɽ/ | व् /w/ | ह् /h/ | फ़् /f/ |
| ॶ /ɨ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| क्व् /kʷ/ | ख्व् /xʷ/ | ग्व् /ɡʷ/ |
| ङ्व् /ŋʷ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Tot distinguishes singular, dual and plural.
Gender
Tot has the following noun classes:
Class cl.1 – for instance: क्वैङ्व् ‘snake’, क्वॖम् ‘knife’, गैग्व् ‘umbrella’, ग्वेट् ‘bottle’, ग्वोव् ‘animal’, ङिच् ‘lion’, ङ्व्ə#य् ‘dog’, ञुद् ‘mortar’, त़ॖण् ‘tiger’, द़िब् ‘lamb’, दिख्व् ‘machine’, दफ़् ‘flower’, पिब् ‘jaguar’, पेच् ‘wild boar’, भेऩ् ‘net’, मैङ्व् ‘fish’, रोञ् ‘mammal’, ऱौक् ‘rope’, वैङ् ‘bird’, हॖम् ‘name’.
Class cl.2 – for instance: ख्वप् ‘earth’, ग्वोक्व् ‘idea’, ञन् ‘west’, ञिङ्व् ‘land’, ञेर् ‘grass’, टिण् ‘friend’, टिम् ‘apple’, टिय् ‘neighbour’, णॖ ‘fruit’, त़प् ‘breath’, द़त़् ‘meat’, दौद् ‘wheat’, दॖञ् ‘mountain’, प ‘stick’, मैट् ‘plain’, यैञ् ‘south’, यो ‘cheese’, ऱिप् ‘forest’, वॖङ् ‘sea’, हित् ‘egg’.
Class cl.3 – for instance: औक्व् ‘sand’, क्वैर् ‘blood’, गङ् ‘slime’, ग्वेड् ‘chair’, ङुऱ् ‘tower’, चिग्व् ‘brick’, ञेब् ‘book’, टुग्व् ‘house’, टॖख्व् ‘leaf’, त़ोञ् ‘road’, तिख्व् ‘salt’, पुभ् ‘feather’, बौव् ‘ash’, भञ् ‘faeces’, मिऩ् ‘embrace’, रोद़् ‘smoke’, ऱोग्व् ‘ice’, विच् ‘woman’, वैख्व् ‘fat’, हङ् ‘money’.
Class cl.4 – for instance: कुभ् ‘back’, ख्वच् ‘heart’, गॖम् ‘head’, चर् ‘fingernail’, च्ə#र् ‘penis’, ञिब् ‘top’, टिफ़् ‘leg’, तिद़् ‘skin’, तुट् ‘fire’, तेद़् ‘guts’, द्ə#त़् ‘eye’, ब ‘neck’, बोण् ‘vagina’, भॖ ‘surface’, मेद् ‘foot’, ऱौव् ‘belly’, हक् ‘hand’, फ़ित़् ‘mouth’, फ़ॖख्व् ‘bone’, फ़ॖऱ् ‘ear’.
Class cl.5 – for instance: क्वह् ‘wind’, कॖञ् ‘rain’, ख्वड् ‘manner’, डैब् ‘wife’, त़िय् ‘boy’, दैफ़् ‘son’, दॖप् ‘cloud’, ऩ्ə#ऱ् ‘root’, ऩॖय् ‘man’, नेर् ‘fog’, पिर् ‘child’, पुक्व् ‘husband’, पैद् ‘human being’, बौच् ‘snow’, मोङ्व् ‘water’, रय् ‘horn’, रॖद़् ‘father’, ऱुप् ‘urine’, ऱुर् ‘God’, हौङ् ‘mother’.
Class cl.6 – for instance: किङ्व् ‘sun’, ख्वभ् ‘year’, ख्वोर् ‘sound’, गक्व् ‘inside’, ग्वम् ‘star’, ग्वि ‘time’, ङ्वॖग्व् ‘louse’, चट् ‘night’, चिप् ‘dialect’, ञौङ् ‘seed’, तोत़् ‘Tot’, तोद़् ‘worm’, द़ऩ् ‘language’, नेच् ‘tree’, पब् ‘colour’, पुञ् ‘day’, भॖभ् ‘sky’, मॖञ् ‘hunter’, यॖड् ‘farmer’, होय् ‘teacher’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Tot can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|w|i|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|tˤ|u|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|ɨ|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|ə#|dˤ|e|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|e|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|a|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |w|i|t͡ʃ|#-> wit͡ʃ
### |w|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> wit͡ʃ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |tˤ|u|
#-> tˤu
### |tˤ|u|
#-> tˤu
### |kʷ|ɨ|m|
#-> kʷɨm
### |kʷ|ɨ|m|
#-> kʷɨm
### -|ɨ|m|u|
#-> -ɨmu
### -|ɨ|m|u|
#-> -ɨmu
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |ə#|dˤ|e|
#-> ə#dˤe
### |ə#|dˤ|e|
#-> ə#dˤe
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |kʷ|e|
#-> kʷe
### |kʷ|e|
#-> kʷe
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|
#-> a
### |a|
#-> a
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |w|i|t͡ʃ||a|k|a| |xʷ||i| |tˤ|u| |kʷ|ɨ|m||ɨ|m|u| |n||i| |j||ə#|dˤ|e| |ɲ|ə#|ɖ||a|w|i| |kʷ|e| |m||a| |x|a| |ɓ|ai|k||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> wit͡ʃaka xʷi tˤu kʷɨmɨmu ni jə#dˤe ɲə#ɖawi kʷe ma xa ɓaiku nˤa
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|w|i|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|tˤ|u|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|ɨ|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|ɨ|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|ə#|dˤ|e|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|e|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.3" obj="3.plur.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤu</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨm</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨmu</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ə̃dˤe</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə̃ɖ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷe</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaik</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>wit͡ʃaka xʷi tˤu kʷɨmɨmu ni jə̃dˤe ɲə̃ɖawi kʷe ma xa ɓaiku nˤa</p>
+ <p>विचक ख्वि त़ु क्वॖमॖमु नि य्ə#द़े ञ्ə#डवि क्वे म अ भैकु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>wit͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷ-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤu</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷɨm</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɨmu</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ə̃dˤe</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə̃ɖ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷe</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaik</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### wit͡ʃaka xʷi tˤu kʷɨmɨmu ni jə̃dˤe ɲə̃ɖawi kʷe ma xa ɓaiku nˤa#-> wit͡ʃaka xʷi tˤu kʷɨmɨmu ni jə̃dˤe ɲə̃ɖawi kʷe ma xa ɓaiku nˤa
विचक ख्वि त़ु क्वॖमॖमु नि य्ə#द़े ञ्ə#डवि क्वे म अ भैकु ऩ। [wit͡ʃaka xʷi tˤu kʷɨmɨmu ni jə̃dˤe ɲə̃ɖawi kʷe ma xa ɓaiku nˤa] wit͡ʃ woman -aka NOM xʷ- cl.3 i the tˤu COMIT kʷɨm knife -ɨmu LOC n- cl.1 i the j- plur ə̃dˤe blind ɲə̃ɖ mouse -awi ACC kʷe three m- cl.6 a yon xa indicative ɓaik catch -u active nˤa PAST “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising त़ /tˤa/ ‘1incl.sing’, वॖ /wɨ/ ‘1excl.sing’, हॖ /hɨ/ ‘2.sing’, त़ॖ /tˤɨ/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, मो /mo/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, ॶ /xɨ/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, वो /wo/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, दि /di/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, व /wa/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, न्ə# /nə#/ ‘1incl.dual’, ङ्वे /ŋʷe/ ‘1excl.dual’, पु /pu/ ‘2.dual’, त़ि /tˤi/ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, क्वॖ /kʷɨ/ ‘3.dual.cl.2’, कॖ /kɨ/ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, ख्वो /xʷo/ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, ति /ti/ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, ने /ne/ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, टु /ʈu/ ‘1incl.plur’, ख्वि /xʷi/ ‘1excl.plur’, पे /pe/ ‘2.plur’, फ़ु /fu/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, ओ /xo/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, हि /hi/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, र /ɾa/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, क्वो /kʷo/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’ and प /pa/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Tot.
The Noun
The noun in Tot consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -अक /-aka/ ‘NOM’, -ओम्ə# /-omə#/ ‘ERG’, -अवि /-awi/ ‘ACC’, -इदॖ /-idɨ/ ‘DAT’, -अय /-aja/ ‘INS’, -अपे /-ape/ ‘VOC’, -इऩो /-inˤo/ ‘ALL’, -ॶमु /-ɨmu/ ‘LOC’, -एदु /-edu/ ‘ABL’ and -उकु /-uku/ ‘PART’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 11 suffixes, namely -अङ् /-aŋ/ ‘little’, -ए /-ex/ ‘big’, -ओत् /-ot/ ‘old’, -अद़् /-adˤ/ ‘new’, -उम् /-um/ ‘good’, -इत् /-it/ ‘bad’, -इच् /-it͡ʃ/ ‘have’, -उख्व् /-uxʷ/ ‘use’, -इ /-ix/ ‘see’, -एग् /-eɡ/ ‘make’ and -अभ् /-aɓ/ ‘break’
The Adjective
In Tot, the adjective has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising फ़्- /f-/ ‘sing’, ख्व्- /xʷ-/ ‘dual’ and य्- /j-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.
Numerals
The numeral in Tot stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Tot, the determiner has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing gender, comprising न्- /n-/ ‘cl.1’, फ़्- /f-/ ‘cl.2’, ख्व्- /xʷ-/ ‘cl.3’, र्- /ɾ-/ ‘cl.4’, य्- /j-/ ‘cl.5’ and म्- /m-/ ‘cl.6’ followed by the root.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Tot stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.5"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for happy/adj/number/obligatory
calling defaultval for number/
defaultval: adj, number
returning sing
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|tˤ|e|ɳ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|n|ə#|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ɳ|au|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ə#|t|ə#|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|#-> tˤɨɳ
### |tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|
#-> tˤɨɳ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |tˤ|e|ɳ|
#-> tˤeɳ
### |tˤ|e|ɳ|
#-> tˤeɳ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |n|ə#|
#-> nə#
### |n|ə#|
#-> nə#
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɳ|au|t͡ʃ|
#-> ɳaut͡ʃ
### |ɳ|au|t͡ʃ|
#-> ɳaut͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |ə#|t|ə#|
#-> ə#tə#
### |ə#|t|ə#|
#-> ə#tə#
### |tˤ|ɨ|ɳ||a|w|i| |n||i| |x|a| |tˤ|e|ɳ||u| |nˤ|a| |n|ə#| |x|a| |ɳ|au|t͡ʃ||u| |f||ə#|t|ə#|
#-> tˤɨɳawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa nə# xa ɳaut͡ʃu fə#tə#
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|tˤ|e|ɳ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|n|ə#|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ɳ|au|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ə#|t|ə#|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤɨɳ</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeɳ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nə̃</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ə̃tə̃</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span></p>
+ <p>tˤɨɳawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa nə̃ xa ɳaut͡ʃu fə̃tə̃</p>
+ <p>त़ॖणवि नि अ त़ेणु ऩ न्ə# अ णौचु फ़्ə#त्ə#</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤɨɳ</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤeɳ</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nə̃</o>
+ <g>because</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɳaut͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ə̃tə̃</o>
+ <g>happy</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tˤɨɳawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa nə̃ xa ɳaut͡ʃu fə̃tə̃#-> tˤɨɳawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa nə̃ xa ɳaut͡ʃu fə̃tə̃
त़ॖणवि नि अ त़ेणु ऩ न्ə# अ णौचु फ़्ə#त्ə#। [tˤɨɳawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa nə̃ xa ɳaut͡ʃu fə̃tə̃] tˤɨɳ tiger -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the xa indicative tˤeɳ kill -u active nˤa PAST nə̃ because xa indicative ɳaut͡ʃ be -u active f- sing ə̃tə̃ happy “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|t|a|w|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɡʷ|ai|#-> ɡʷai
### |ɡʷ|ai|
#-> ɡʷai
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɡʷ|ai| |x|a| |t|a|w||u|
#-> ɡʷai xa tawu
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|t|a|w|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taw</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɡʷai xa tawu</p>
+ <p>ग्वै अ तवु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡʷai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>taw</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɡʷai xa tawu#-> ɡʷai xa tawu
ग्वै अ तवु। [ɡʷai xa tawu] ɡʷai 3.sing.cl.5 xa indicative taw love -u active “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|t|a|w|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɡʷ|ai|#-> ɡʷai
### |ɡʷ|ai|
#-> ɡʷai
### |ɡʷ|ai|
#-> ɡʷai
### |ɡʷ|ai|
#-> ɡʷai
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɡʷ|ai| |ɡʷ|ai| |x|a| |t|a|w||u|
#-> ɡʷai ɡʷai xa tawu
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|t|a|w|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taw</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɡʷai ɡʷai xa tawu</p>
+ <p>ग्वै ग्वै अ तवु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡʷai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡʷai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>taw</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɡʷai ɡʷai xa tawu#-> ɡʷai ɡʷai xa tawu
ग्वै ग्वै अ तवु। [ɡʷai ɡʷai xa tawu] ɡʷai 3.sing.cl.5 ɡʷai 3.sing.cl.5 xa indicative taw love -u active “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
addaffixes:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|t|a|w|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɡʷ|ai|#-> ɡʷai
### |ɡʷ|ai|
#-> ɡʷai
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɡʷ|ai| |x|a| |t|a|w||u|
#-> ɡʷai xa tawu
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|t|a|w|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taw</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɡʷai xa tawu</p>
+ <p>ग्वै अ तवु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡʷai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>taw</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɡʷai xa tawu#-> ɡʷai xa tawu
ग्वै अ तवु। [ɡʷai xa tawu] ɡʷai 3.sing.cl.5 xa indicative taw love -u active “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Tin hates Kig."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Tin" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Kig" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|k|i|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ɽ|e|ŋʷ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t|i|n|#-> tin
### |t|i|n|
#-> tin
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |k|i|ɡ|
#-> kiɡ
### |k|i|ɡ|
#-> kiɡ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɽ|e|ŋʷ|
#-> ɽeŋʷ
### |ɽ|e|ŋʷ|
#-> ɽeŋʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |t|i|n||a|k|a| |j||i| |k|i|ɡ||a|w|i| |xʷ||i| |x|a| |ɽ|e|ŋʷ||u|
#-> tinaka ji kiɡawi xʷi xa ɽeŋʷu
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Tin hates Kig.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Tin" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Kig" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|k|i|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ɽ|e|ŋʷ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tin</span><br><span class="gls">Tin</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">Kig</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽeŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p>
+ <p>tinaka ji kiɡawi xʷi xa ɽeŋʷu</p>
+ <p>तिनक यि किगवि ख्वि अ ऱेङ्वु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tin</o>
+ <g>Tin</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kiɡ</o>
+ <g>Kig</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷ-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɽeŋʷ</o>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tinaka ji kiɡawi xʷi xa ɽeŋʷu#-> tinaka ji kiɡawi xʷi xa ɽeŋʷu
तिनक यि किगवि ख्वि अ ऱेङ्वु। [tinaka ji kiɡawi xʷi xa ɽeŋʷu] tin Tin -aka NOM j- cl.5 i the kiɡ Kig -awi ACC xʷ- cl.3 i the xa indicative ɽeŋʷ hate -u active “Tin hates Kig.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|i|j|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|ʈ|i|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |tˤ|i|j|#-> tˤij
### |tˤ|i|j|
#-> tˤij
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |tˤ|i|j||a|k|a| |j||i| |ʈ|i|m||a|k|a| |f||i| |d|i|
#-> tˤijaka ji ʈimaka fi di
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|i|j|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|ʈ|i|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤij</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈim</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>tˤijaka ji ʈimaka fi di</p>
+ <p>त़ियक यि टिमक फ़ि दि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤij</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈim</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tˤijaka ji ʈimaka fi di#-> tˤijaka ji ʈimaka fi di
त़ियक यि टिमक फ़ि दि [tˤijaka ji ʈimaka fi di] tˤij boy -aka NOM j- cl.5 i the ʈim apple -aka NOM f- cl.2 i the di 3.sing.cl.5.POSS “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|ʈ|i|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɡʷ|ai|#-> ɡʷai
### |ɡʷ|ai|
#-> ɡʷai
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |ɡʷ|ai| |ʈ|i|m||a|k|a| |f||i| |d|i|
#-> ɡʷai ʈimaka fi di
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|ɡʷ|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|ʈ|i|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="NOM">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈim</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɡʷai ʈimaka fi di</p>
+ <p>ग्वै टिमक फ़ि दि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡʷai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈim</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɡʷai ʈimaka fi di#-> ɡʷai ʈimaka fi di
ग्वै टिमक फ़ि दि [ɡʷai ʈimaka fi di] ɡʷai 3.sing.cl.5 ʈim apple -aka NOM f- cl.2 i the di 3.sing.cl.5.POSS “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|ʈ|i|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|w|ɨ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ʈ|i|m|#-> ʈim
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |w|ɨ|
#-> wɨ
### |w|ɨ|
#-> wɨ
### |ʈ|i|m||a|k|a| |f||i| |w|ɨ|
#-> ʈimaka fi wɨ
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|ʈ|i|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|w|ɨ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈim</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wɨ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>ʈimaka fi wɨ</p>
+ <p>टिमक फ़ि वॖ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈim</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wɨ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ʈimaka fi wɨ#-> ʈimaka fi wɨ
टिमक फ़ि वॖ [ʈimaka fi wɨ] ʈim apple -aka NOM f- cl.2 i the wɨ 1excl.sing.POSS “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.5"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.5">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.5"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatorycalling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">|n|a|ɖ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">|w|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ʈ|i|j|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|h|ɨ|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC">|d|ai|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">|m|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɓ|au|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|#-> mɨɲ
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|
#-> mɨɲ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |n|a|ɖ|
#-> naɖ
### |n|a|ɖ|
#-> naɖ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |w|a|
#-> wa
### |w|a|
#-> wa
### |ʈ|i|j|
#-> ʈij
### |ʈ|i|j|
#-> ʈij
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |h|ɨ|
#-> hɨ
### |h|ɨ|
#-> hɨ
### |d|ai|f|
#-> daif
### |d|ai|f|
#-> daif
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |m|o|
#-> mo
### |m|o|
#-> mo
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɓ|au|t͡ʃ|
#-> ɓaut͡ʃ
### |ɓ|au|t͡ʃ|
#-> ɓaut͡ʃ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |m|ɨ|ɲ||a|k|a| |m||i| |n|a|ɖ||a|k|a| |j||i| |w|a| |ʈ|i|j||a|k|a| |f||i| |h|ɨ| |d|ai|f||a|w|i| |j||i| |m|o| |x|a| |ɓ|au|t͡ʃ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ʈijaka fi hɨ daifawi ji mo xa ɓaut͡ʃu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">|n|a|ɖ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">|w|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ʈ|i|j|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|h|ɨ|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC">|d|ai|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ACC">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">|m|o|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɓ|au|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨɲ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naɖ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈij</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɨ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daif</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ʈijaka fi hɨ daifawi ji mo xa ɓaut͡ʃu nˤa</p>
+ <p>मॖञक मि नडक यि व टियक फ़ि हॖ दैफ़वि यि मो अ भौचु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨɲ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>naɖ</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wa</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈij</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɨ</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>daif</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaut͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ʈijaka fi hɨ daifawi ji mo xa ɓaut͡ʃu nˤa#-> mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ʈijaka fi hɨ daifawi ji mo xa ɓaut͡ʃu nˤa
मॖञक मि नडक यि व टियक फ़ि हॖ दैफ़वि यि मो अ भौचु ऩ। [mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ʈijaka fi hɨ daifawi ji mo xa ɓaut͡ʃu nˤa] mɨɲ hunter -aka NOM m- cl.6 i the naɖ daughter -aka NOM j- cl.5 i the wa 3.sing.cl.6.POSS ʈij neighbour -aka NOM f- cl.2 i the hɨ 2.sing.POSS daif son -awi ACC j- cl.5 i the mo 3.sing.cl.2.POSS xa indicative ɓaut͡ʃ kiss -u active nˤa PAST “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |dˤ|i|b|#-> dˤib
### |dˤ|i|b|
#-> dˤib
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |dˤ|i|b||a|k|a| |n||ai|
#-> dˤibaka nai
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤib</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ai</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span></p>
+ <p>dˤibaka nai</p>
+ <p>द़िबक नै</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤib</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ai</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### dˤibaka nai#-> dˤibaka nai
द़िबक नै [dˤibaka nai] dˤib lamb -aka NOM n- cl.1 ai a “a lamb” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|a||||ŋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |dˤ|i|b|#-> dˤib
### |dˤ|i|b|
#-> dˤib
### -|a||||ŋ|
#-> -aŋ
### -|a||||ŋ|
#-> -aŋ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |dˤ|i|b||a||||ŋ||a|k|a| |n||ai|
#-> dˤibaŋaka nai
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|a||||ŋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤib</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ai</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span></p> + <p>dˤibaŋaka nai</p> + <p>द़िबङक नै</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dˤib</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aka</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>n-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ai</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### dˤibaŋaka nai
#-> dˤibaŋaka nai
द़िबङक नै [dˤibaŋaka nai] dˤib lamb -aŋ little -aka NOM n- cl.1 ai a “a little lamb” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|a||||ŋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|t͡ʃ|ɨ|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |dˤ|i|b|#-> dˤib
### |dˤ|i|b|
#-> dˤib
### -|a||||ŋ|
#-> -aŋ
### -|a||||ŋ|
#-> -aŋ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |t͡ʃ|ɨ|m|
#-> t͡ʃɨm
### |t͡ʃ|ɨ|m|
#-> t͡ʃɨm
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |dˤ|i|b||a||||ŋ||a|w|i| |n||ai| |x|a| |t͡ʃ|ɨ|m||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> dˤibaŋawi nai xa t͡ʃɨmu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|a||||ŋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|t͡ʃ|ɨ|m|</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤib</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ai</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃɨm</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p> + <p>dˤibaŋawi nai xa t͡ʃɨmu nˤa</p> + <p>द़िबङवि नै अ चॖमु ऩ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dˤib</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-awi</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>n-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ai</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xa</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃɨm</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### dˤibaŋawi nai xa t͡ʃɨmu nˤa
#-> dˤibaŋawi nai xa t͡ʃɨmu nˤa
द़िबङवि नै अ चॖमु ऩ। [dˤibaŋawi nai xa t͡ʃɨmu nˤa] dˤib lamb -aŋ little -awi ACC n- cl.1 ai a xa indicative t͡ʃɨm have -u active nˤa PAST “She had a little lamb.” | (13) |
This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>black</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>black</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for black/adj/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> - <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|e|ɲ|e|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|t|a|w|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|ɲ|e|
#-> eɲe
### |e|ɲ|e|
#-> eɲe
### |dˤ|i|b|
#-> dˤib
### |dˤ|i|b|
#-> dˤib
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |f||e|ɲ|e| |dˤ|i|b||a|w|i| |n||ai| |x|a| |t|a|w||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> feɲe dˤibawi nai xa tawu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<flat>
<thingy type="adjnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|e|ɲ|e|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|i|b|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|t|a|w|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɲe</span><br><span class="gls">black</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤib</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ai</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taw</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>feɲe dˤibawi nai xa tawu nˤa</p>
+ <p>फ़ेञे द़िबवि नै अ तवु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɲe</o>
+ <g>black</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤib</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ai</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>taw</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### feɲe dˤibawi nai xa tawu nˤa#-> feɲe dˤibawi nai xa tawu nˤa
फ़ेञे द़िबवि नै अ तवु ऩ। [feɲe dˤibawi nai xa tawu nˤa] f- sing eɲe black dˤib lamb -awi ACC n- cl.1 ai a xa indicative taw love -u active nˤa PAST “She loved a black lamb.” | (14) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Tot fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing mode, comprising अ /xa/ ‘indicative’, ट्ə# /ʈə#/ ‘conditional’ and मे /me/ ‘optative’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising ऩ /nˤa/ ‘PAST’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing negation, comprising ह्ə# /hə#/ ‘NEG’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing voice, comprising -उ /-u/ ‘active’ and -ए /-e/ ‘passive’.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five suffixes, namely -अच् /-at͡ʃ/ ‘begin’, -ओङ् /-oŋ/ ‘stop’, -इख्व् /-ixʷ/ ‘continue’, -इम् /-im/ ‘try’ and -ॶप् /-ɨp/ ‘start’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|ə#|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|t|a|w|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |dˤ|ə#|#-> dˤə#
### |dˤ|ə#|
#-> dˤə#
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### |t|a|w|
#-> taw
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |dˤ|ə#| |x|a| |t|a|w||u|
#-> dˤə# xa tawu
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|ə#|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|t|a|w|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤə̃</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taw</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p>
+ <p>dˤə̃ xa tawu</p>
+ <p>द़्ə# अ तवु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤə̃</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>taw</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### dˤə̃ xa tawu#-> dˤə̃ xa tawu
द़्ə# अ तवु। [dˤə̃ xa tawu] dˤə̃ 2.sing xa indicative taw love -u active “I love you.” | (15) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|n|e|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|i|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|ɨ|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |n|e|#-> ne
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |kʷ|i|f|
#-> kʷif
### |kʷ|i|f|
#-> kʷif
### -|ɨ|m|u|
#-> -ɨmu
### -|ɨ|m|u|
#-> -ɨmu
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |n|e| |kʷ|i|f||ɨ|m|u| |xʷ||i|
#-> ne kʷifɨmu xʷi
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|n|e|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|i|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|ɨ|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ne</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷif</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨmu</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span></p>
+ <p>ne kʷifɨmu xʷi</p>
+ <p>ने क्विफ़ॖमु ख्वि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ne</o>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷif</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɨmu</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷ-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ne kʷifɨmu xʷi#-> ne kʷifɨmu xʷi
ने क्विफ़ॖमु ख्वि [ne kʷifɨmu xʷi] ne in_surface kʷif table -ɨmu LOC xʷ- cl.3 i the “on the table” | (16) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|w|ə#|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|j|au|nˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|ɨ|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |w|ə#|#-> wə#
### |w|ə#|
#-> wə#
### |j|au|nˤ|
#-> jaunˤ
### |j|au|nˤ|
#-> jaunˤ
### -|ɨ|m|u|
#-> -ɨmu
### -|ɨ|m|u|
#-> -ɨmu
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |w|ə#| |j|au|nˤ||ɨ|m|u| |n||i|
#-> wə# jaunˤɨmu ni
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|w|ə#|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|j|au|nˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|ɨ|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wə̃</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaunˤ</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨmu</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span></p>
+ <p>wə̃ jaunˤɨmu ni</p>
+ <p>व्ə# यौऩॖमु नि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>wə̃</o>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jaunˤ</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɨmu</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### wə̃ jaunˤɨmu ni#-> wə̃ jaunˤɨmu ni
व्ə# यौऩॖमु नि [wə̃ jaunˤɨmu ni] wə̃ to_inside jaunˤ box -ɨmu LOC n- cl.1 i the “into the box” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|tˤ|u|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |tˤ|u|#-> tˤu
### |tˤ|u|
#-> tˤu
### |m|u|
#-> mu
### |m|u|
#-> mu
### |tˤ|u| |m|u|
#-> tˤu mu
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|tˤ|u|</word>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤu</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tˤu mu</p>
+ <p>त़ु मु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤu</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tˤu mu#-> tˤu mu
त़ु मु [tˤu mu] tˤu COMIT mu 1excl.sing “with me” | (18) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Tot has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Tot.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|p|i|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|tˤ|e|ɳ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|i|b|#-> pib
### |p|i|b|
#-> pib
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|
#-> mɨɲ
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|
#-> mɨɲ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |tˤ|e|ɳ|
#-> tˤeɳ
### |tˤ|e|ɳ|
#-> tˤeɳ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |p|i|b||a|k|a| |n||i| |m|ɨ|ɲ||a|w|i| |m||i| |x|a| |tˤ|e|ɳ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> pibaka ni mɨɲawi mi xa tˤeɳu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|p|i|b|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|tˤ|e|ɳ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pib</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨɲ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeɳ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>pibaka ni mɨɲawi mi xa tˤeɳu nˤa</p>
+ <p>पिबक नि मॖञवि मि अ त़ेणु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>pib</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨɲ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤeɳ</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### pibaka ni mɨɲawi mi xa tˤeɳu nˤa#-> pibaka ni mɨɲawi mi xa tˤeɳu nˤa
पिबक नि मॖञवि मि अ त़ेणु ऩ। [pibaka ni mɨɲawi mi xa tˤeɳu nˤa] pib jaguar -aka NOM n- cl.1 i the mɨɲ hunter -awi ACC m- cl.6 i the xa indicative tˤeɳ kill -u active nˤa PAST “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.5">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.5">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.5">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">|n|a|ɖ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">|w|a|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">|ŋʷ|ə#|j|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|d|i|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|#-> ŋit͡ʃ
### |ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> ŋit͡ʃ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|
#-> mɨɲ
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|
#-> mɨɲ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |n|a|ɖ|
#-> naɖ
### |n|a|ɖ|
#-> naɖ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |w|a|
#-> wa
### |w|a|
#-> wa
### |ŋʷ|ə#|j|
#-> ŋʷə#j
### |ŋʷ|ə#|j|
#-> ŋʷə#j
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |d|i|kʷ|
#-> dikʷ
### |d|i|kʷ|
#-> dikʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |ŋ|i|t͡ʃ||a|k|a| |n||i| |m|ɨ|ɲ||a|k|a| |m||i| |n|a|ɖ||a|k|a| |j||i| |w|a| |ŋʷ|ə#|j||a|w|i| |n||i| |d|i| |x|a| |d|i|kʷ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> ŋit͡ʃaka ni mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ŋʷə#jawi ni di xa dikʷu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">|n|a|ɖ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">|w|a|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">|ŋʷ|ə#|j|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ACC">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.5">|d|i|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨɲ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naɖ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷə̃j</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>ŋit͡ʃaka ni mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ŋʷə̃jawi ni di xa dikʷu nˤa</p>
+ <p>ङिचक नि मॖञक मि नडक यि व ङ्व्ə#यवि नि दि अ दिक्वु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋit͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨɲ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>naɖ</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wa</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋʷə̃j</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dikʷ</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ŋit͡ʃaka ni mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ŋʷə̃jawi ni di xa dikʷu nˤa#-> ŋit͡ʃaka ni mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ŋʷə̃jawi ni di xa dikʷu nˤa
ङिचक नि मॖञक मि नडक यि व ङ्व्ə#यवि नि दि अ दिक्वु ऩ। [ŋit͡ʃaka ni mɨɲaka mi naɖaka ji wa ŋʷə̃jawi ni di xa dikʷu nˤa] ŋit͡ʃ lion -aka NOM n- cl.1 i the mɨɲ hunter -aka NOM m- cl.6 i the naɖ daughter -aka NOM j- cl.5 i the wa 3.sing.cl.6.POSS ŋʷə̃j dog -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the di 3.sing.cl.5.POSS xa indicative dikʷ eat -u active nˤa PAST “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (20) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Tot reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Tot expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">|d|ai|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|h|ɨ|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">|ʈ|i|ɳ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɲ|e|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">|m|o|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ai|f|#-> daif
### |d|ai|f|
#-> daif
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |h|ɨ|
#-> hɨ
### |h|ɨ|
#-> hɨ
### |ʈ|i|ɳ|
#-> ʈiɳ
### |ʈ|i|ɳ|
#-> ʈiɳ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |ɲ|e|b|
#-> ɲeb
### |ɲ|e|b|
#-> ɲeb
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |xʷ|-
#-> xʷ-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |m|o|
#-> mo
### |m|o|
#-> mo
### |d|ai|f||a|k|a| |j||i| |h|ɨ| |ʈ|i|ɳ||a|k|a| |f||i| |d|i| |ɲ|e|b||a|k|a| |xʷ||i| |m|o|
#-> daifaka ji hɨ ʈiɳaka fi di ɲebaka xʷi mo
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">|d|ai|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="2.sing">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|h|ɨ|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">|ʈ|i|ɳ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɲ|e|b|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|xʷ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|i|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">|m|o|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daif</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɨ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈiɳ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲeb</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>daifaka ji hɨ ʈiɳaka fi di ɲebaka xʷi mo</p>
+ <p>दैफ़क यि हॖ टिणक फ़ि दि ञेबक ख्वि मो</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>daif</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɨ</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈiɳ</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.5.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲeb</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷ-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### daifaka ji hɨ ʈiɳaka fi di ɲebaka xʷi mo#-> daifaka ji hɨ ʈiɳaka fi di ɲebaka xʷi mo
दैफ़क यि हॖ टिणक फ़ि दि ञेबक ख्वि मो [daifaka ji hɨ ʈiɳaka fi di ɲebaka xʷi mo] daif son -aka NOM j- cl.5 i the hɨ 2.sing.POSS ʈiɳ friend -aka NOM f- cl.2 i the di 3.sing.cl.5.POSS ɲeb book -aka NOM xʷ- cl.3 i the mo 3.sing.cl.2.POSS “your son’s friend’s book” | (21) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|p|i|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|f|e|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|f|e|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">|tˤ|e|ɳ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|#-> mɨɲ
### |m|ɨ|ɲ|
#-> mɨɲ
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |p|i|b|
#-> pib
### |p|i|b|
#-> pib
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |f|e|
#-> fe
### |f|e|
#-> fe
### |tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|
#-> tˤɨɳ
### |tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|
#-> tˤɨɳ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |f|e|
#-> fe
### |f|e|
#-> fe
### |ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> ŋit͡ʃ
### |ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|
#-> ŋit͡ʃ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |tˤ|e|ɳ|
#-> tˤeɳ
### |tˤ|e|ɳ|
#-> tˤeɳ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |m|ɨ|ɲ||a|k|a| |m||i| |p|i|b||a|w|i| |n||i| |f|e| |tˤ|ɨ|ɳ||a|w|i| |n||i| |f|e| |ŋ|i|t͡ʃ||a|w|i| |n||i| |x|a| |tˤ|e|ɳ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> mɨɲaka mi pibawi ni fe tˤɨɳawi ni fe ŋit͡ʃawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɨ|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|p|i|b|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|f|e|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|ɨ|ɳ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|f|e|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋ|i|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.1">|tˤ|e|ɳ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɨɲ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pib</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fe</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤɨɳ</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fe</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeɳ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>mɨɲaka mi pibawi ni fe tˤɨɳawi ni fe ŋit͡ʃawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa</p>
+ <p>मॖञक मि पिबवि नि फ़े त़ॖणवि नि फ़े ङिचवि नि अ त़ेणु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɨɲ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pib</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fe</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤɨɳ</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fe</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋit͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤeɳ</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### mɨɲaka mi pibawi ni fe tˤɨɳawi ni fe ŋit͡ʃawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa#-> mɨɲaka mi pibawi ni fe tˤɨɳawi ni fe ŋit͡ʃawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa
मॖञक मि पिबवि नि फ़े त़ॖणवि नि फ़े ङिचवि नि अ त़ेणु ऩ। [mɨɲaka mi pibawi ni fe tˤɨɳawi ni fe ŋit͡ʃawi ni xa tˤeɳu nˤa] mɨɲ hunter -aka NOM m- cl.6 i the pib jaguar -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the fe and tˤɨɳ tiger -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the fe and ŋit͡ʃ lion -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the xa indicative tˤeɳ kill -u active nˤa PAST “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (22) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Tot provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Tot forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|w|au|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |w|au|n|#-> waun
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |w|au|n||a|w|i| |n||i| |x|a| |w|i|ɽ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|w|au|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waun</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa</p>
+ <p>वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>waun</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wiɽ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa#-> waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ। [waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa] waun cat -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the xa indicative wiɽ pat -u active nˤa PAST “I patted the cat.” | (23) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
Warning: Undefined variable $head in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/Modules/Syntax/RelN.php on line 37
module RelN:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|w|au|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|#-> ɲə#ɖ
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ||a|w|i| |m||i| |x|a| |ɓ|ai|k||u| |nˤ|a| |w|au|n||a|w|i| |n||i| |x|a| |w|i|ɽ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> ɲə#ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|w|au|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə̃ɖ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaik</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waun</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa</p>
+ <p>ञ्ə#डवि मि अ भैकु ऩ वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə̃ɖ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaik</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>waun</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wiɽ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa#-> ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
ञ्ə#डवि मि अ भैकु ऩ वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ। [ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa] ɲə̃ɖ mouse -awi ACC m- cl.6 i the xa indicative ɓaik catch -u active nˤa PAST waun cat -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the xa indicative wiɽ pat -u active nˤa PAST “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (24) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
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module RelN:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <subs> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|j|o|x|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|d|i|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|w|au|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|o|x|#-> jox
### |j|o|x|
#-> jox
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |d|i|kʷ|
#-> dikʷ
### |d|i|kʷ|
#-> dikʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |j|o|x||a|w|i| |f||i| |x|a| |d|i|kʷ||u| |nˤ|a| |ɲ|ə#|ɖ||a|w|i| |m||i| |x|a| |ɓ|ai|k||u| |nˤ|a| |w|au|n||a|w|i| |n||i| |x|a| |w|i|ɽ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə#ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|j|o|x|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|d|i|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|w|au|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jox</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə̃ɖ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaik</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waun</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa</p>
+ <p>योअवि फ़ि अ दिक्वु ऩ ञ्ə#डवि मि अ भैकु ऩ वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>jox</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dikʷ</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə̃ɖ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaik</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>waun</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wiɽ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa#-> joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
योअवि फ़ि अ दिक्वु ऩ ञ्ə#डवि मि अ भैकु ऩ वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ। [joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa] jox cheese -awi ACC f- cl.2 i the xa indicative dikʷ eat -u active nˤa PAST ɲə̃ɖ mouse -awi ACC m- cl.6 i the xa indicative ɓaik catch -u active nˤa PAST waun cat -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the xa indicative wiɽ pat -u active nˤa PAST “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (25) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
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module RelN:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <subs> - <subs> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɡʷ|a|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl">|j|o|x|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|d|i|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|w|au|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |m|u|#-> mu
### |m|u|
#-> mu
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɡʷ|a|ɾ|
#-> ɡʷaɾ
### |ɡʷ|a|ɾ|
#-> ɡʷaɾ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |j|o|x|
#-> jox
### |j|o|x|
#-> jox
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |d|i|kʷ|
#-> dikʷ
### |d|i|kʷ|
#-> dikʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### |ɲ|ə#|ɖ|
#-> ɲə#ɖ
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### |ɓ|ai|k|
#-> ɓaik
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### |w|au|n|
#-> waun
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |n|-
#-> n-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### |w|i|ɽ|
#-> wiɽ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |m|u| |x|a| |ɡʷ|a|ɾ||u| |nˤ|a| |j|o|x||a|w|i| |f||i| |x|a| |d|i|kʷ||u| |nˤ|a| |ɲ|ə#|ɖ||a|w|i| |m||i| |x|a| |ɓ|ai|k||u| |nˤ|a| |w|au|n||a|w|i| |n||i| |x|a| |w|i|ɽ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> mu xa ɡʷaɾu nˤa joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə#ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.5" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɡʷ|a|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl">|j|o|x|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC" person="1excl">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|d|i|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|ɲ|ə#|ɖ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6">|ɓ|ai|k|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|w|au|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|n|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|w|i|ɽ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jox</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə̃ɖ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaik</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waun</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>mu xa ɡʷaɾu nˤa joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa</p>
+ <p>मु अ ग्वरु ऩ योअवि फ़ि अ दिक्वु ऩ ञ्ə#डवि मि अ भैकु ऩ वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>mu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡʷaɾ</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jox</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dikʷ</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə̃ɖ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaik</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>waun</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>n-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wiɽ</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### mu xa ɡʷaɾu nˤa joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa#-> mu xa ɡʷaɾu nˤa joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa
मु अ ग्वरु ऩ योअवि फ़ि अ दिक्वु ऩ ञ्ə#डवि मि अ भैकु ऩ वौनवि नि अ विऱु ऩ। [mu xa ɡʷaɾu nˤa joxawi fi xa dikʷu nˤa ɲə̃ɖawi mi xa ɓaiku nˤa waunawi ni xa wiɽu nˤa] mu 1excl.sing xa indicative ɡʷaɾ buy -u active nˤa PAST jox cheese -awi ACC f- cl.2 i the xa indicative dikʷ eat -u active nˤa PAST ɲə̃ɖ mouse -awi ACC m- cl.6 i the xa indicative ɓaik catch -u active nˤa PAST waun cat -awi ACC n- cl.1 i the xa indicative wiɽ pat -u active nˤa PAST “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (26) |
Complementation Strategies
Tot marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|i|j|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|ə#|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|d|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|ʈ|i|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɓ|ai|xʷ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|h|o|j|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|d|ɨ|</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6">|h|a|ɽ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |tˤ|i|j|#-> tˤij
### |tˤ|i|j|
#-> tˤij
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### -|a|k|a|
#-> -aka
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |tˤ|ə#|f|
#-> tˤə#f
### |tˤ|ə#|f|
#-> tˤə#f
### -|i|d|ɨ|
#-> -idɨ
### -|i|d|ɨ|
#-> -idɨ
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### |ʈ|i|m|
#-> ʈim
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### -|a|w|i|
#-> -awi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |ai|
#-> ai
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |ɓ|ai|xʷ|
#-> ɓaixʷ
### |ɓ|ai|xʷ|
#-> ɓaixʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |h|o|j|
#-> hoj
### |h|o|j|
#-> hoj
### -|i|d|ɨ|
#-> -idɨ
### -|i|d|ɨ|
#-> -idɨ
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|
#-> i
### |i|
#-> i
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |x|a|
#-> xa
### |h|a|ɽ|
#-> haɽ
### |h|a|ɽ|
#-> haɽ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |tˤ|i|j||a|k|a| |j||i| |tˤ|ə#|f||i|d|ɨ| |j||i| |ʈ|i|m||a|w|i| |f||ai| |x|a| |ɓ|ai|xʷ||u| |nˤ|a| |h|o|j||i|d|ɨ| |m||i| |x|a| |h|a|ɽ||u| |nˤ|a|
#-> tˤijaka ji tˤə#fidɨ ji ʈimawi fai xa ɓaixʷu nˤa hojidɨ mi xa haɽu nˤa
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|i|j|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|a|k|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|ə#|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|d|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">|j|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|ʈ|i|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|w|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|f|-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|ai|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɓ|ai|xʷ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|h|o|j|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|d|ɨ|</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">|m|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|a|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.6">|h|a|ɽ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤij</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aka</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-idɨ</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈim</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-awi</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ai</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaixʷ</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hoj</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-idɨ</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haɽ</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span></p>
+ <p>tˤijaka ji tˤə̃fidɨ ji ʈimawi fai xa ɓaixʷu nˤa hojidɨ mi xa haɽu nˤa</p>
+ <p>त़ियक यि त़्ə#फ़िदॖ यि टिमवि फ़ै अ भैख्वु ऩ होयिदॖ मि अ हऱु ऩ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤij</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-aka</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤə̃f</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-idɨ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>cl.5</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʈim</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-awi</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ai</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaixʷ</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hoj</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-idɨ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.6</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xa</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>haɽ</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tˤijaka ji tˤə̃fidɨ ji ʈimawi fai xa ɓaixʷu nˤa hojidɨ mi xa haɽu nˤa#-> tˤijaka ji tˤə̃fidɨ ji ʈimawi fai xa ɓaixʷu nˤa hojidɨ mi xa haɽu nˤa
त़ियक यि त़्ə#फ़िदॖ यि टिमवि फ़ै अ भैख्वु ऩ होयिदॖ मि अ हऱु ऩ। [tˤijaka ji tˤə̃fidɨ ji ʈimawi fai xa ɓaixʷu nˤa hojidɨ mi xa haɽu nˤa] tˤij boy -aka NOM j- cl.5 i the tˤə̃f girl -idɨ DAT j- cl.5 i the ʈim apple -awi ACC f- cl.2 ai a xa indicative ɓaixʷ give -u active nˤa PAST hoj teacher -idɨ DAT m- cl.6 i the xa indicative haɽ surprise -u active nˤa PAST “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (27) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Tot / Tot–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/398QU
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How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Tot. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 14 May 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/398QU
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-398QU,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Tot}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/398QU}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 14 May 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.06 seconds.