A Grammar of Kub
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Kub language (the 138th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Kub.
Typological Profile
It has not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as the highly uncommon basic word order OVS and postpositions.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Kub has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 30 phonemes.
It has a complete absence of affricates, a strongly reduced sibilant system, a modest (but clearly contrastive) set of labialised consonants and a noticeable presence of pharyngealised phonemes.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Kub. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | dental | phar. dental | alveolar | phar. alveolar | lateral | palatal | velar | lab. velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | dˤ tˤ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | ʔ | ||||
| nasal | m | n | nˤ | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||||
| fricative | f | θ | θˤ | s | sˤ | x | xʷ | h | ||
| approximant | ʋ | ɾ | j | |||||||
| implosive | ɓ |
Vowels
Kub has 10 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels and front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin).The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Kub. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front unrounded | front rounded | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | y | u | |
| mid | e | ø | ə# | o |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Kub has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /u/ becomes /y/, /o/ becomes /ø/.
Writing System
Introduction
Kub is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.
The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ə# /ə#/ | а /a/ | б /b/ | б̱ /ɓ/ |
| в /ʋ/ | г /h/ | д /d/ | е /e/ |
| и /i/ | к /k/ | м /m/ | н /n/ |
| о /o/ | п /p/ | р /ɾ/ | с /s/ |
| т /t/ | у /u/ | ф /f/ | х /x/ |
| ј /j/ | њ /ɲ/ | ѳ /θ/ | ґ /ɡ/ |
| ү /y/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӏ /ʔ/ | ө /ø/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| ай /ai/ | аў /au/ | дъ /dˤ/ |
| кв /kʷ/ | нъ /nˤ/ | съ /sˤ/ |
| тъ /tˤ/ | хв /xʷ/ | ѳъ /θˤ/ |
| ґв /ɡʷ/ | ӈв /ŋʷ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Kub distinguishes singular, dual and plural.
Gender
Kub does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Kub can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|i|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|u|x|u|</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|p|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.OBJ">|nˤ|ə#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|o|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|ŋʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|e|k|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|m|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|i|#-> hi
### |h|i|
#-> hi
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|o|
#-> -o
### -|o|
#-> -o
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |u|x|u|
#-> uxu
### |u|x|u|
#-> uxu
### |p|a|
#-> pa
### |p|a|
#-> pa
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |nˤ|ə#|
#-> nˤə#
### |nˤ|ə#|
#-> nˤə#
### |dˤ|o|b|
#-> dˤob
### |dˤ|o|b|
#-> dˤob
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |xʷ|o|ŋʷ|
#-> xʷoŋʷ
### |xʷ|o|ŋʷ|
#-> xʷoŋʷ
### -|e|k|
#-> -ek
### -|e|k|
#-> -ek
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |m|e|
#-> me
### |m|e|
#-> me
### |h|i| |ɾ|au|θ||a|kʷ||o| |ɾ||u|x|u| |p|a| |m|a|ɡ|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |nˤ|ə#| |dˤ|o|b||e|ʋ||u| |xʷ|o|ŋʷ||e|k||u| |m|e|
#-> hi ɾauθakʷo ɾuxu pa maɡu dˤu ɾi nˤə# dˤobeʋu xʷoŋʷeku me
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|i|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɾ|-</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|u|x|u|</word> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|p|a|</word> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.OBJ">|nˤ|ə#|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|o|b|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|ŋʷ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">-|e|k|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|m|e|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hi</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾauθ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uxu</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤob</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷoŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ek</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">me</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span></p> + <p>hi ɾauθakʷo ɾuxu pa maɡu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ dˤobeʋu xʷoŋʷeku me</p> + <p>ги раўѳакво руху па маґу дъу ри нъə# дъобеву хвоӈвеку Ме</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hi</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾauθ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾ-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>uxu</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maɡu</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤə̃</o> + <g>3.plur.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤob</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xʷoŋʷ</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ek</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>me</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### hi ɾauθakʷo ɾuxu pa maɡu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ dˤobeʋu xʷoŋʷeku me
#-> hi ɾauθakʷo ɾuxu pa maɡu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ dˤobeʋu xʷoŋʷeku me
Ги раўѳакво руху па маґу дъу ри нъə# дъобеву хвоӈвеку Ме. [hi ɾauθakʷo ɾuxu pa maɡu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ dˤobeʋu xʷoŋʷeku me] hi three ɾauθ mouse -akʷ ACC -o plur ɾ- ACC uxu blind pa yon maɡu catch dˤu PAST ɾi indicative nˤə̃ 3.plur.OBJ dˤob woman -eʋ NOM -u sing xʷoŋʷ knife -ek LOC -u sing me COMIT “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely a proclitic (placed initially), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising бе /be/ ‘1incl.sing’, ху /xu/ ‘1excl.sing’, кви /kʷi/ ‘2.sing’, ди /di/ ‘3.sing’, пə# /pə#/ ‘1incl.dual’, хо /xo/ ‘1excl.dual’, пу /pu/ ‘2.dual’, ду /du/ ‘3.dual’, кво /kʷo/ ‘1incl.plur’, фи /fi/ ‘1excl.plur’, ми /mi/ ‘2.plur’ and хə# /xə#/ ‘3.plur’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Kub.
The Noun
The noun in Kub consists of first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -ев /-eʋ/ ‘NOM’, -акв /-akʷ/ ‘ACC’, -ə#д /-ə#d/ ‘DAT’, -он /-on/ ‘INS’, -оп /-op/ ‘VOC’, -ој /-oj/ ‘ALL’, -ек /-ek/ ‘LOC’, -уп /-up/ ‘ABL’ and -ус /-us/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -у /-u/ ‘sing’, -ə# /-ə#/ ‘dual’ and -о /-o/ ‘plur’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 11 suffixes, namely -иф /-if/ ‘little’, -ат /-at/ ‘big’, -атъ /-atˤ/ ‘old’, -екв /-ekʷ/ ‘new’, -ип /-ip/ ‘good’, -ос /-os/ ‘bad’, -ехви /-exʷi/ ‘have’, -еӏу /-eʔu/ ‘use’, -еґа /-eɡa/ ‘see’, -еји /-eji/ ‘make’ and -едъи /-edˤi/ ‘break’
The Adjective
In Kub, the adjective has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising г- /h-/ ‘NOM’, р- /ɾ-/ ‘ACC’, ј- /j-/ ‘DAT’, съ- /sˤ-/ ‘INS’, ґв- /ɡʷ-/ ‘VOC’, м- /m-/ ‘ALL’, н- /n-/ ‘LOC’, ӈв- /ŋʷ-/ ‘ABL’ and тъ- /tˤ-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.
Numerals
The numeral in Kub stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Kub stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Kub stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> - </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for happy/adj/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|b|o|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|n|o|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">|ŋʷ|o|s|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|h|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|d|e|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|m|ai|m|o|</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|h|-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ai|ŋʷ|ə#|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |b|o|f|#-> bof
### |b|o|f|
#-> bof
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |n|o|
#-> no
### |n|o|
#-> no
### |ŋʷ|o|s|u|
#-> ŋʷosu
### |ŋʷ|o|s|u|
#-> ŋʷosu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |d|e|
#-> de
### |d|e|
#-> de
### |m|ai|m|o|
#-> maimo
### |m|ai|m|o|
#-> maimo
### |h|-
#-> h-
### |h|-
#-> h-
### |ai|ŋʷ|ə#|
#-> aiŋʷə#
### |ai|ŋʷ|ə#|
#-> aiŋʷə#
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |b|o|f||a|kʷ||u| |n|o| |ŋʷ|o|s|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |h|u| |d|e| |m|ai|m|o| |h||ai|ŋʷ|ə#| |ɾ|i|
#-> bofakʷu no ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo hu de maimo haiŋʷə# ɾi
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|b|o|f|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|n|o|</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.plur">|ŋʷ|o|s|u|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|h|u|</word> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|d|e|</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|m|ai|m|o|</word> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|h|-</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ai|ŋʷ|ə#|</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bof</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">no</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷosu</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">de</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maimo</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aiŋʷə̃</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p> + <p>bofakʷu no ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo hu de maimo haiŋʷə̃ ɾi</p> + <p>бофакву но ӈвосу дъу ри дъо гу де маймо гайӈвə# ри</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>bof</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>no</o> + <g>1excl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷosu</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>because</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>de</o> + <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maimo</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aiŋʷə̃</o> + <g>happy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### bofakʷu no ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo hu de maimo haiŋʷə̃ ɾi
#-> bofakʷu no ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo hu de maimo haiŋʷə̃ ɾi
Бофакву но ӈвосу дъу ри дъо гу де маймо гайӈвə# ри. [bofakʷu no ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo hu de maimo haiŋʷə̃ ɾi] bof tiger -akʷ ACC -u sing no 1excl.plur.SUBJ ŋʷosu kill dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ hu because de 1incl.plur.SUBJ maimo be h- NOM aiŋʷə̃ happy ɾi indicative “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|au|#-> hau
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |h|au| |k|u|f|a| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o|
#-> hau kufa ɾi dˤo
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hau</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kufa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span></p> + <p>hau kufa ɾi dˤo</p> + <p>гаў куфа ри дъо</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hau</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kufa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### hau kufa ɾi dˤo
#-> hau kufa ɾi dˤo
Гаў куфа ри дъо. [hau kufa ɾi dˤo] hau 3.sing kufa love ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|au|#-> hau
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |h|au| |k|u|f|a| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |h|au|
#-> hau kufa ɾi dˤo hau
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hau</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kufa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hau</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>hau kufa ɾi dˤo hau</p> + <p>гаў куфа ри дъо гаў</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hau</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kufa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hau</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### hau kufa ɾi dˤo hau
#-> hau kufa ɾi dˤo hau
Гаў куфа ри дъо гаў. [hau kufa ɾi dˤo hau] hau 3.sing kufa love ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ hau 3.sing “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|au|#-> hau
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |h|au| |k|u|f|a| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o|
#-> hau kufa ɾi dˤo
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hau</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kufa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span></p> + <p>hau kufa ɾi dˤo</p> + <p>гаў куфа ри дъо</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hau</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kufa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### hau kufa ɾi dˤo
#-> hau kufa ɾi dˤo
Гаў куфа ри дъо. [hau kufa ɾi dˤo] hau 3.sing kufa love ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Koek hates Voekh."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Voekh" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ø|x|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|d|ø|f|o|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Koek" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|ø|k|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Koek hates Voekh.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Voekh" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ø|x|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|d|ø|f|o|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|d|ø|f|ø|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Koek" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|ø|k|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |ʋ|ø|x|#-> ʋøx
### |ʋ|ø|x|
#-> ʋøx
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|ø|f|ø|
#-> døfø
### |d|ø|f|ø|
#-> døfø
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |k|ø|k|
#-> køk
### |k|ø|k|
#-> køk
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ʋ|ø|x||a|kʷ||u| |d|ø|f|ø| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |k|ø|k||e|ʋ||u|
#-> ʋøxakʷu døfø ɾi dˤo køkeʋu
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Koek hates Voekh."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="Voekh" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ø|x|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|d|ø|f|ø|</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="Koek" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|ø|k|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋøx</span><br><span class="gls">Voekh</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">døfø</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">køk</span><br><span class="gls">Koek</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ʋøxakʷu døfø ɾi dˤo køkeʋu</p> + <p>Вөхакву дөфө ри дъо Көкеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋøx</o> + <g>Voekh</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>døfø</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>køk</o> + <g>Koek</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ʋøxakʷu døfø ɾi dˤo køkeʋu
#-> ʋøxakʷu døfø ɾi dˤo køkeʋu
Вөхакву дөфө ри дъо Көкеву. [ʋøxakʷu døfø ɾi dˤo køkeʋu] ʋøx Voekh -akʷ ACC -u sing døfø hate ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ køk Koek -eʋ NOM -u sing “Koek hates Voekh.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|n|o|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|d|i|nˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|i|#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i|nˤ|
#-> dinˤ
### |d|i|nˤ|
#-> dinˤ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i| |n|o|m||e|ʋ||u| |d|i|nˤ||e|ʋ||u|
#-> di nomeʋu dinˤeʋu
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|n|o|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|d|i|nˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nom</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dinˤ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>di nomeʋu dinˤeʋu</p>
+ <p>ди номеву динъеву</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nom</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dinˤ</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### di nomeʋu dinˤeʋu#-> di nomeʋu dinˤeʋu
ди номеву динъеву [di nomeʋu dinˤeʋu] di 3.sing.POSS nom apple -eʋ NOM -u sing dinˤ boy -eʋ NOM -u sing “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|n|o|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|i|#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |h|au|
#-> hau
### |d|i| |n|o|m||e|ʋ||u| |h|au|
#-> di nomeʋu hau
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|n|o|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|h|au|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nom</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hau</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>di nomeʋu hau</p>
+ <p>ди номеву гаў</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nom</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hau</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### di nomeʋu hau#-> di nomeʋu hau
ди номеву гаў [di nomeʋu hau] di 3.sing.POSS nom apple -eʋ NOM -u sing hau 3.sing “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|x|u|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|n|o|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |x|u|#-> xu
### |x|u|
#-> xu
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |x|u| |n|o|m||e|ʋ||u|
#-> xu nomeʋu
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|x|u|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|n|o|m|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nom</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>xu nomeʋu</p>
+ <p>ху номеву</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>xu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nom</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### xu nomeʋu#-> xu nomeʋu
ху номеву [xu nomeʋu] xu 1excl.sing.POSS nom apple -eʋ NOM -u sing “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ </np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|t|e|θˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|kʷ|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">|x|ø|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|b|a|xʷ|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|nˤ|u|ŋʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|i|#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |t|e|θˤ|
#-> teθˤ
### |t|e|θˤ|
#-> teθˤ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |kʷ|i|
#-> kʷi
### |kʷ|i|
#-> kʷi
### |x|ø|f|
#-> xøf
### |x|ø|f|
#-> xøf
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |b|a|xʷ|a|
#-> baxʷa
### |b|a|xʷ|a|
#-> baxʷa
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |nˤ|u|ŋʷ|
#-> nˤuŋʷ
### |nˤ|u|ŋʷ|
#-> nˤuŋʷ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i| |t|e|θˤ||a|kʷ||u| |kʷ|i| |x|ø|f||e|ʋ||u| |b|a|xʷ|a| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |d|i| |nˤ|u|ŋʷ||e|ʋ||u| |p|ø|θˤ||e|ʋ||u|
#-> di teθˤakʷu kʷi xøfeʋu baxʷa dˤu ɾi dˤo di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|t|e|θˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|kʷ|i|</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">|x|ø|f|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|b|a|xʷ|a|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|nˤ|u|ŋʷ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">teθˤ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷi</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xøf</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baxʷa</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤuŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pøθˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>di teθˤakʷu kʷi xøfeʋu baxʷa dˤu ɾi dˤo di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu</p> + <p>ди теѳъакву кви хөфеву бахва дъу ри дъо ди нъуӈвеву пөѳъеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>di</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>teθˤ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷi</o> + <g>2.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xøf</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baxʷa</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>di</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤuŋʷ</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pøθˤ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### di teθˤakʷu kʷi xøfeʋu baxʷa dˤu ɾi dˤo di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu
#-> di teθˤakʷu kʷi xøfeʋu baxʷa dˤu ɾi dˤo di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu
Ди теѳъакву кви хөфеву бахва дъу ри дъо ди нъуӈвеву пөѳъеву. [di teθˤakʷu kʷi xøfeʋu baxʷa dˤu ɾi dˤo di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu] di 3.sing.POSS teθˤ son -akʷ ACC -u sing kʷi 2.sing.POSS xøf neighbour -eʋ NOM -u sing baxʷa kiss dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ di 3.sing.POSS nˤuŋʷ daughter -eʋ NOM -u sing pøθˤ hunter -eʋ NOM -u sing “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ŋ|ə#|k|#-> ŋə#k
### |ŋ|ə#|k|
#-> ŋə#k
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ŋ|ə#|k||e|ʋ||u|
#-> ŋə#keʋu
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋə̃k</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ŋə̃keʋu</p> + <p>ӈə#кеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋə̃k</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ŋə̃keʋu
#-> ŋə̃keʋu
ӈə#кеву [ŋə̃keʋu] ŋə̃k lamb -eʋ NOM -u sing “a lamb” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|i||||f|</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ŋ|ə#|k|#-> ŋə#k
### |ŋ|ə#|k|
#-> ŋə#k
### -|i||||f|
#-> -if
### -|i||||f|
#-> -if
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ŋ|ə#|k||i||||f||e|ʋ||u|
#-> ŋə#kifeʋu
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|i||||f|</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋə̃k</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ŋə̃kifeʋu</p> + <p>ӈə#кифеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋə̃k</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ŋə̃kifeʋu
#-> ŋə̃kifeʋu
ӈə#кифеву [ŋə̃kifeʋu] ŋə̃k lamb -if little -eʋ NOM -u sing “a little lamb” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_obj
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|i||||f|</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|e||||xʷ||i|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ŋ|ə#|k|#-> ŋə#k
### |ŋ|ə#|k|
#-> ŋə#k
### -|i||||f|
#-> -if
### -|i||||f|
#-> -if
### -|e||||xʷ||i|||||
#-> -exʷi
### -|e||||xʷ||i|||||
#-> -exʷi
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ŋ|ə#|k||i||||f||e||||xʷ||i||||| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i|
#-> ŋə#kifexʷi dˤu ɾi
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">-</thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|i||||f|</thingy> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">-|e||||xʷ||i|||||</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋə̃k</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-exʷi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p> + <p>ŋə̃kifexʷi dˤu ɾi</p> + <p>ӈə#кифехви дъу ри</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋə̃k</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-exʷi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ŋə̃kifexʷi dˤu ɾi
#-> ŋə̃kifexʷi dˤu ɾi
Ӈə#кифехви дъу ри. [ŋə̃kifexʷi dˤu ɾi] ŋə̃k lamb -if little -exʷi have dˤu PAST ɾi indicative “She had a little lamb.” | (13) |
This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>black</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>black</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for black/adj/case/obligatory
Got ACC
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> - <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|i|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ŋ|ə#|k|#-> ŋə#k
### |ŋ|ə#|k|
#-> ŋə#k
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|k|u|
#-> iku
### |i|k|u|
#-> iku
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |ŋ|ə#|k||a|kʷ||u| |ɾ||i|k|u| |k|u|f|a| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o|
#-> ŋə#kakʷu ɾiku kufa dˤu ɾi dˤo
removetags:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ŋ|ə#|k|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɾ|-</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="black" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|i|k|u|</word> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋə̃k</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iku</span><br><span class="gls">black</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kufa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span></p> + <p>ŋə̃kakʷu ɾiku kufa dˤu ɾi dˤo</p> + <p>ӈə#какву рику куфа дъу ри дъо</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋə̃k</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾ-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iku</o> + <g>black</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kufa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ŋə̃kakʷu ɾiku kufa dˤu ɾi dˤo
#-> ŋə̃kakʷu ɾiku kufa dˤu ɾi dˤo
Ӈə#какву рику куфа дъу ри дъо. [ŋə̃kakʷu ɾiku kufa dˤu ɾi dˤo] ŋə̃k lamb -akʷ ACC -u sing ɾ- ACC iku black kufa love dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ “She loved a black lamb.” | (14) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Kub fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing subj, comprising фи /fi/ ‘1incl.sing’, нъу /nˤu/ ‘1excl.sing’, ґва /ɡʷa/ ‘2.sing’, ду /du/ ‘1incl.dual’, дъə# /dˤə#/ ‘1excl.dual’, дъо /dˤo/ ‘2.dual’, кво /kʷo/ ‘3.dual’, де /de/ ‘1incl.plur’, но /no/ ‘1excl.plur’, ква /kʷa/ ‘2.plur’ and ґи /ɡi/ ‘3.plur’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising дъу /dˤu/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing mode, comprising ри /ɾi/ ‘indicative’, мə# /mə#/ ‘conditional’ and ке /ke/ ‘optative’; fourth, a clitic expressing voice, comprising ми /mi/ ‘passive’; fifth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising но /no/ ‘NEG’; sixth, a clitic expressing obj, comprising ги /hi/ ‘1incl.sing’, фу /fu/ ‘1excl.sing’, дъə# /dˤə#/ ‘2.sing’, дъо /dˤo/ ‘3.sing’, ми /mi/ ‘1incl.dual’, кви /kʷi/ ‘1excl.dual’, нъо /nˤo/ ‘2.dual’, ве /ʋe/ ‘3.dual’, ѳъи /θˤi/ ‘1incl.plur’, съо /sˤo/ ‘1excl.plur’, ӈо /ŋo/ ‘2.plur’ and нъə# /nˤə#/ ‘3.plur’; and finally, seventh, a clitic expressing question, comprising нъе /nˤe/ ‘Q’.
The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five suffixes, namely -фе /-fe/ ‘begin’, -ӏе /-ʔe/ ‘stop’, -ји /-ji/ ‘continue’, -пи /-pi/ ‘try’ and -ӏа /-ʔa/ ‘start’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|s|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|ə#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|e|#-> se
### |s|e|
#-> se
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |k|u|f|a|
#-> kufa
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|ə#|
#-> dˤə#
### |dˤ|ə#|
#-> dˤə#
### |s|e| |nˤ|u| |k|u|f|a| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|ə#|
#-> se nˤu kufa ɾi dˤə#
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|s|e|</word> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|k|u|f|a|</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|ə#|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">se</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kufa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤə̃</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.OBJ</span></span></p> + <p>se nˤu kufa ɾi dˤə̃</p> + <p>се нъу куфа ри дъə#</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>se</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤu</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kufa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤə̃</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### se nˤu kufa ɾi dˤə̃
#-> se nˤu kufa ɾi dˤə̃
Се нъу куфа ри дъə#. [se nˤu kufa ɾi dˤə̃] se 2.sing nˤu 1excl.sing.SUBJ kufa love ɾi indicative dˤə̃ 2.sing.OBJ “I love you.” | (15) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatorycalling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|ʔ|y|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|b|i|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|m|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ʔ|y|b|#-> ʔyb
### |ʔ|y|b|
#-> ʔyb
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |b|i|θ|
#-> biθ
### |b|i|θ|
#-> biθ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |m|a|
#-> ma
### |m|a|
#-> ma
### |ʔ|y|b||e|ʋ||u| |b|i|θ||e|ʋ||u| |m|a|
#-> ʔybeʋu biθeʋu ma
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|ʔ|y|b|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|b|i|θ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|m|a|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔyb</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biθ</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ʔybeʋu biθeʋu ma</p> + <p>ӏүбеву биѳеву ма</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʔyb</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biθ</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ma</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ʔybeʋu biθeʋu ma
#-> ʔybeʋu biθeʋu ma
ӏүбеву биѳеву ма [ʔybeʋu biθeʋu ma] ʔyb surface -eʋ NOM -u sing biθ table -eʋ NOM -u sing ma in “on the table” | (16) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatorycalling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|x|y|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|m|ai|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|k|ə#|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |x|y|ɓ|#-> xyɓ
### |x|y|ɓ|
#-> xyɓ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |m|ai|θ|
#-> maiθ
### |m|ai|θ|
#-> maiθ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |k|ə#|
#-> kə#
### |k|ə#|
#-> kə#
### |x|y|ɓ||e|ʋ||u| |m|ai|θ||e|ʋ||u| |k|ə#|
#-> xyɓeʋu maiθeʋu kə#
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|x|y|ɓ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|m|ai|θ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|k|ə#|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xyɓ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maiθ</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kə̃</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span></p> + <p>xyɓeʋu maiθeʋu kə̃</p> + <p>хүб̱еву майѳеву кə#</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>xyɓ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maiθ</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kə̃</o> + <g>to</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### xyɓeʋu maiθeʋu kə̃
#-> xyɓeʋu maiθeʋu kə̃
хүб̱еву майѳеву кə# [xyɓeʋu maiθeʋu kə̃] xyɓ inside -eʋ NOM -u sing maiθ box -eʋ NOM -u sing kə̃ to “into the box” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|j|au|</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|m|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|au|#-> jau
### |j|au|
#-> jau
### |m|e|
#-> me
### |m|e|
#-> me
### |j|au| |m|e|
#-> jau me
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|j|au|</word> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|m|e|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">me</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span></p> + <p>jau me</p> + <p>јаў Ме</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jau</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>me</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### jau me
#-> jau me
јаў Ме [jau me] jau 1excl.sing me COMIT “with me” | (18) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Kub has Object–Verb–Subject (OVS) as its basic constituent order. Clauses begin with the object, followed by the verb, with the subject in final position. This is a rare but attested configuration in the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Kub.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|ŋʷ|o|s|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ə#|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|ø|θˤ|#-> pøθˤ
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ŋʷ|o|s|u|
#-> ŋʷosu
### |ŋʷ|o|s|u|
#-> ŋʷosu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |ʋ|ə#|ɡ|
#-> ʋə#ɡ
### |ʋ|ə#|ɡ|
#-> ʋə#ɡ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |p|ø|θˤ||a|kʷ||u| |ŋʷ|o|s|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |ʋ|ə#|ɡ||e|ʋ||u|
#-> pøθˤakʷu ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo ʋə#ɡeʋu
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|ŋʷ|o|s|u|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|ə#|ɡ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pøθˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷosu</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋə̃ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>pøθˤakʷu ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo ʋə̃ɡeʋu</p> + <p>пөѳъакву ӈвосу дъу ри дъо вə#ґеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>pøθˤ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷosu</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋə̃ɡ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### pøθˤakʷu ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo ʋə̃ɡeʋu
#-> pøθˤakʷu ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo ʋə̃ɡeʋu
Пөѳъакву ӈвосу дъу ри дъо вə#ґеву. [pøθˤakʷu ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi dˤo ʋə̃ɡeʋu] pøθˤ hunter -akʷ ACC -u sing ŋʷosu kill dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ ʋə̃ɡ jaguar -eʋ NOM -u sing “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|tˤ|o|b|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">|nˤ|u|ŋʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|i|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|i|#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |tˤ|o|b|
#-> tˤob
### |tˤ|o|b|
#-> tˤob
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |nˤ|u|ŋʷ|
#-> nˤuŋʷ
### |nˤ|u|ŋʷ|
#-> nˤuŋʷ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|au|θˤ|i|
#-> dauθˤi
### |d|au|θˤ|i|
#-> dauθˤi
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |tˤ|i|m|
#-> tˤim
### |tˤ|i|m|
#-> tˤim
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i| |tˤ|o|b||a|kʷ||u| |d|i| |nˤ|u|ŋʷ||e|ʋ||u| |p|ø|θˤ||e|ʋ||u| |d|au|θˤ|i| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |tˤ|i|m||e|ʋ||u|
#-> di tˤobakʷu di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo tˤimeʋu
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|tˤ|o|b|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">|nˤ|u|ŋʷ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|i|m|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤob</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤuŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pøθˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dauθˤi</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤim</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>di tˤobakʷu di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo tˤimeʋu</p> + <p>ди тъобакву ди нъуӈвеву пөѳъеву даўѳъи дъу ри дъо тъимеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>di</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤob</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>di</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤuŋʷ</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pøθˤ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dauθˤi</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤim</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### di tˤobakʷu di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo tˤimeʋu
#-> di tˤobakʷu di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo tˤimeʋu
Ди тъобакву ди нъуӈвеву пөѳъеву даўѳъи дъу ри дъо тъимеву. [di tˤobakʷu di nˤuŋʷeʋu pøθˤeʋu dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo tˤimeʋu] di 3.sing.POSS tˤob dog -akʷ ACC -u sing di 3.sing.POSS nˤuŋʷ daughter -eʋ NOM -u sing pøθˤ hunter -eʋ NOM -u sing dauθˤi eat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ tˤim lion -eʋ NOM -u sing “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (20) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Kub reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Kub expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> - </np> - </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> - </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|s|u|ɡʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">|θˤ|a|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|kʷ|i|</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">|t|e|θˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|i|#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |s|u|ɡʷ|
#-> suɡʷ
### |s|u|ɡʷ|
#-> suɡʷ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |d|i|
#-> di
### |θˤ|a|θ|
#-> θˤaθ
### |θˤ|a|θ|
#-> θˤaθ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |kʷ|i|
#-> kʷi
### |kʷ|i|
#-> kʷi
### |t|e|θˤ|
#-> teθˤ
### |t|e|θˤ|
#-> teθˤ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|i| |s|u|ɡʷ||e|ʋ||u| |d|i| |θˤ|a|θ||e|ʋ||u| |kʷ|i| |t|e|θˤ||e|ʋ||u|
#-> di suɡʷeʋu di θˤaθeʋu kʷi teθˤeʋu
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|s|u|ɡʷ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|d|i|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">|θˤ|a|θ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|kʷ|i|</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">|t|e|θˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">suɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">di</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θˤaθ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷi</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">teθˤ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>di suɡʷeʋu di θˤaθeʋu kʷi teθˤeʋu</p>
+ <p>ди суґвеву ди ѳъаѳеву кви теѳъеву</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>suɡʷ</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>di</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>θˤaθ</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>kʷi</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>teθˤ</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### di suɡʷeʋu di θˤaθeʋu kʷi teθˤeʋu#-> di suɡʷeʋu di θˤaθeʋu kʷi teθˤeʋu
ди суґвеву ди ѳъаѳеву кви теѳъеву [di suɡʷeʋu di θˤaθeʋu kʷi teθˤeʋu] di 3.sing.POSS suɡʷ book -eʋ NOM -u sing di 3.sing.POSS θˤaθ friend -eʋ NOM -u sing kʷi 2.sing.POSS teθˤ son -eʋ NOM -u sing “your son’s friend’s book” | (21) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʋ|ə#|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|nˤ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|b|o|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|nˤ|ai|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|i|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">|ŋʷ|o|s|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.OBJ">|nˤ|ə#|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ʋ|ə#|ɡ|#-> ʋə#ɡ
### |ʋ|ə#|ɡ|
#-> ʋə#ɡ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|o|
#-> -o
### -|o|
#-> -o
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |b|o|f|
#-> bof
### |b|o|f|
#-> bof
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|o|
#-> -o
### -|o|
#-> -o
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |nˤ|ai|
#-> nˤai
### |tˤ|i|m|
#-> tˤim
### |tˤ|i|m|
#-> tˤim
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|o|
#-> -o
### -|o|
#-> -o
### |ŋʷ|o|s|u|
#-> ŋʷosu
### |ŋʷ|o|s|u|
#-> ŋʷosu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |nˤ|ə#|
#-> nˤə#
### |nˤ|ə#|
#-> nˤə#
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### |p|ø|θˤ|
#-> pøθˤ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ʋ|ə#|ɡ||a|kʷ||o| |nˤ|ai| |b|o|f||a|kʷ||o| |nˤ|ai| |tˤ|i|m||a|kʷ||o| |ŋʷ|o|s|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |nˤ|ə#| |p|ø|θˤ||e|ʋ||u|
#-> ʋə#ɡakʷo nˤai bofakʷo nˤai tˤimakʷo ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi nˤə# pøθˤeʋu
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ʋ|ə#|ɡ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|nˤ|ai|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|b|o|f|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|nˤ|ai|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|tˤ|i|m|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur" subj="3.sing">|ŋʷ|o|s|u|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.OBJ">|nˤ|ə#|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|p|ø|θˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋə̃ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤai</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bof</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤai</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤim</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷosu</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pøθˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ʋə̃ɡakʷo nˤai bofakʷo nˤai tˤimakʷo ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ pøθˤeʋu</p> + <p>вə#ґакво нъай бофакво нъай тъимакво ӈвосу дъу ри нъə# пөѳъеву</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋə̃ɡ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤai</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bof</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤai</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤim</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷosu</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤə̃</o> + <g>3.plur.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pøθˤ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ʋə̃ɡakʷo nˤai bofakʷo nˤai tˤimakʷo ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ pøθˤeʋu
#-> ʋə̃ɡakʷo nˤai bofakʷo nˤai tˤimakʷo ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ pøθˤeʋu
Вə#ґакво нъай бофакво нъай тъимакво ӈвосу дъу ри нъə# пөѳъеву. [ʋə̃ɡakʷo nˤai bofakʷo nˤai tˤimakʷo ŋʷosu dˤu ɾi nˤə̃ pøθˤeʋu] ʋə̃ɡ jaguar -akʷ ACC -o plur nˤai and bof tiger -akʷ ACC -o plur nˤai and tˤim lion -akʷ ACC -o plur ŋʷosu kill dˤu PAST ɾi indicative nˤə̃ 3.plur.OBJ pøθˤ hunter -eʋ NOM -u sing “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (22) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Kub provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Kub forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|#-> xʷokʷ
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |xʷ|o|kʷ||a|kʷ||u| |nˤ|u| |m|au|m|a| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o|
#-> xʷokʷakʷu nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi dˤo
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷokʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mauma</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span></p> + <p>xʷokʷakʷu nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi dˤo</p> + <p>хвоквакву нъу маўма дъу ри дъо</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>xʷokʷ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤu</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mauma</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### xʷokʷakʷu nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi dˤo
#-> xʷokʷakʷu nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi dˤo
Хвоквакву нъу маўма дъу ри дъо. [xʷokʷakʷu nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi dˤo] xʷokʷ cat -akʷ ACC -u sing nˤu 1excl.sing.SUBJ mauma pat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ “I patted the cat.” | (23) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatorycalling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|ɾ|au|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|u|#-> nˤu
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|u| |m|au|m|a| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |xʷ|o|kʷ||e|ʋ||u|, |tˤ|e| |m|a|ɡ|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |ɾ|au|θ||a|kʷ||u|
#-> nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi dˤo ɾauθakʷu
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|,</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|ɾ|au|θ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mauma</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷokʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u,</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤe</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾauθ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi dˤo ɾauθakʷu</p>
+ <p>нъу маўма дъу ри хвоквеву, тъе маґу дъу ри дъо раўѳакву</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mauma</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷokʷ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u,</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤe</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>maɡu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾauθ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-akʷ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi dˤo ɾauθakʷu#-> nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi dˤo ɾauθakʷu
Нъу маўма дъу ри хвоквеву, тъе маґу дъу ри дъо раўѳакву. [nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi dˤo ɾauθakʷu] nˤu 1excl.sing.SUBJ mauma pat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative xʷokʷ cat -eʋ NOM -u, sing tˤe RELPRON maɡu catch dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ ɾauθ mouse -akʷ ACC -u sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (24) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatorycalling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|n|e|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|u|#-> nˤu
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |d|au|θˤ|i|
#-> dauθˤi
### |d|au|θˤ|i|
#-> dauθˤi
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |n|e|f|
#-> nef
### |n|e|f|
#-> nef
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|u| |m|au|m|a| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |xʷ|o|kʷ||e|ʋ||u|, |tˤ|e| |m|a|ɡ|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |ɾ|au|θ||e|ʋ||u|, |tˤ|e| |d|au|θˤ|i| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |n|e|f||a|kʷ||u|
#-> nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo nefakʷu
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|,</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|,</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|n|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mauma</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷokʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u,</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤe</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾauθ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u,</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤe</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dauθˤi</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nef</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo nefakʷu</p>
+ <p>нъу маўма дъу ри хвоквеву, тъе маґу дъу ри раўѳеву, тъе даўѳъи дъу ри дъо нефакву</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mauma</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷokʷ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u,</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤe</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>maɡu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾauθ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u,</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤe</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dauθˤi</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nef</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-akʷ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo nefakʷu#-> nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo nefakʷu
Нъу маўма дъу ри хвоквеву, тъе маґу дъу ри раўѳеву, тъе даўѳъи дъу ри дъо нефакву. [nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi dˤo nefakʷu] nˤu 1excl.sing.SUBJ mauma pat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative xʷokʷ cat -eʋ NOM -u, sing tˤe RELPRON maɡu catch dˤu PAST ɾi indicative ɾauθ mouse -eʋ NOM -u, sing tˤe RELPRON dauθˤi eat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ nef cheese -akʷ ACC -u sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (25) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
- </np>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatorycalling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|n|e|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|xʷ|y|xʷ|o|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|j|au|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|n|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|xʷ|y|xʷ|o|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|xʷ|y|xʷ|ø|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|j|au|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |nˤ|u|#-> nˤu
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |m|au|m|a|
#-> mauma
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### |xʷ|o|kʷ|
#-> xʷokʷ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |m|a|ɡ|u|
#-> maɡu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### |ɾ|au|θ|
#-> ɾauθ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |d|au|θˤ|i|
#-> dauθˤi
### |d|au|θˤ|i|
#-> dauθˤi
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |n|e|f|
#-> nef
### |n|e|f|
#-> nef
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### -|u|,
#-> -u,
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |tˤ|e|
#-> tˤe
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |nˤ|u|
#-> nˤu
### |xʷ|y|xʷ|ø|
#-> xʷyxʷø
### |xʷ|y|xʷ|ø|
#-> xʷyxʷø
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |j|au|
#-> jau
### |j|au|
#-> jau
### |nˤ|u| |m|au|m|a| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |xʷ|o|kʷ||e|ʋ||u|, |tˤ|e| |m|a|ɡ|u| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |ɾ|au|θ||e|ʋ||u|, |tˤ|e| |d|au|θˤ|i| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |n|e|f||e|ʋ||u|, |tˤ|e| |nˤ|u| |xʷ|y|xʷ|ø| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |j|au|
#-> nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi nefeʋu, tˤe nˤu xʷyxʷø dˤu ɾi dˤo jau
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|m|au|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|xʷ|o|kʷ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|,</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|m|a|ɡ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|au|θ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|,</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">|d|au|θˤ|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">|n|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|,</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|tˤ|e|</word>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|nˤ|u|</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|xʷ|y|xʷ|ø|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="gender?" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">|j|au|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mauma</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷokʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u,</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤe</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾauθ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u,</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤe</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dauθˤi</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nef</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u,</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤe</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷyxʷø</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jau</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi nefeʋu, tˤe nˤu xʷyxʷø dˤu ɾi dˤo jau</p>
+ <p>нъу маўма дъу ри хвоквеву, тъе маґу дъу ри раўѳеву, тъе даўѳъи дъу ри нефеву, тъе нъу хвүхвө дъу ри дъо јаў</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mauma</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷokʷ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u,</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤe</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>maɡu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾauθ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u,</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤe</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dauθˤi</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nef</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-eʋ</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u,</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tˤe</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤu</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xʷyxʷø</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤu</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾi</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>dˤo</o>
+ <g>3.sing.OBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>jau</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi nefeʋu, tˤe nˤu xʷyxʷø dˤu ɾi dˤo jau#-> nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi nefeʋu, tˤe nˤu xʷyxʷø dˤu ɾi dˤo jau
Нъу маўма дъу ри хвоквеву, тъе маґу дъу ри раўѳеву, тъе даўѳъи дъу ри нефеву, тъе нъу хвүхвө дъу ри дъо јаў. [nˤu mauma dˤu ɾi xʷokʷeʋu, tˤe maɡu dˤu ɾi ɾauθeʋu, tˤe dauθˤi dˤu ɾi nefeʋu, tˤe nˤu xʷyxʷø dˤu ɾi dˤo jau] nˤu 1excl.sing.SUBJ mauma pat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative xʷokʷ cat -eʋ NOM -u, sing tˤe RELPRON maɡu catch dˤu PAST ɾi indicative ɾauθ mouse -eʋ NOM -u, sing tˤe RELPRON dauθˤi eat dˤu PAST ɾi indicative nef cheese -eʋ NOM -u, sing tˤe RELPRON nˤu 1excl.sing.SUBJ xʷyxʷø buy dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ jau 1excl.sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (26) |
Complementation Strategies
Kub introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - </subs> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatoryGot DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|x|o|ʋ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|ə#|d|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|f|a|s|o|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|n|o|m|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|dˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|ə#|d|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|n|ə#|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|i|nˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |x|o|ʋ|#-> xoʋ
### |x|o|ʋ|
#-> xoʋ
### -|ə#|d|
#-> -ə#d
### -|ə#|d|
#-> -ə#d
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |f|a|s|o|
#-> faso
### |f|a|s|o|
#-> faso
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### |n|o|m|
#-> nom
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|a|kʷ|
#-> -akʷ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |kʷ|a|dˤ|
#-> kʷadˤ
### |kʷ|a|dˤ|
#-> kʷadˤ
### -|ə#|d|
#-> -ə#d
### -|ə#|d|
#-> -ə#d
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |k|u|n|ə#|
#-> kunə#
### |k|u|n|ə#|
#-> kunə#
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |dˤ|u|
#-> dˤu
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |ɾ|i|
#-> ɾi
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |dˤ|o|
#-> dˤo
### |d|i|nˤ|
#-> dinˤ
### |d|i|nˤ|
#-> dinˤ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|e|ʋ|
#-> -eʋ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ɾ|e|
#-> ɾe
### |ɾ|e|
#-> ɾe
### |x|o|ʋ||ə#|d||u| |f|a|s|o| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |n|o|m||a|kʷ||u| |kʷ|a|dˤ||ə#|d||u| |k|u|n|ə#| |dˤ|u| |ɾ|i| |dˤ|o| |d|i|nˤ||e|ʋ||u| |ɾ|e|
#-> xoʋə#du faso dˤu ɾi nomakʷu kʷadˤə#du kunə# dˤu ɾi dˤo dinˤeʋu ɾe
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|x|o|ʋ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|ə#|d|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|f|a|s|o|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|n|o|m|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|a|kʷ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|kʷ|a|dˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|ə#|d|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" subj="3.sing">|k|u|n|ə#|</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|dˤ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|ɾ|i|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.OBJ">|dˤ|o|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|i|nˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|e|ʋ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|e|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xoʋ</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃d</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faso</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nom</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-akʷ</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷadˤ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃d</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kunə̃</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤu</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾi</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤo</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.OBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dinˤ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʋ</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾe</span><br><span class="gls">COMP</span></span></p> + <p>xoʋə̃du faso dˤu ɾi nomakʷu kʷadˤə̃du kunə̃ dˤu ɾi dˤo dinˤeʋu ɾe</p> + <p>ховə#ду фасо дъу ри номакву квадъə#ду кунə# дъу ри дъо динъеву Ре</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>xoʋ</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃d</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faso</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nom</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-akʷ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷadˤ</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃d</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kunə̃</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾi</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤo</o> + <g>3.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dinˤ</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾe</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### xoʋə̃du faso dˤu ɾi nomakʷu kʷadˤə̃du kunə̃ dˤu ɾi dˤo dinˤeʋu ɾe
#-> xoʋə̃du faso dˤu ɾi nomakʷu kʷadˤə̃du kunə̃ dˤu ɾi dˤo dinˤeʋu ɾe
Ховə#ду фасо дъу ри номакву квадъə#ду кунə# дъу ри дъо динъеву Ре. [xoʋə̃du faso dˤu ɾi nomakʷu kʷadˤə̃du kunə̃ dˤu ɾi dˤo dinˤeʋu ɾe] xoʋ teacher -ə̃d DAT -u sing faso surprise dˤu PAST ɾi indicative nom apple -akʷ ACC -u sing kʷadˤ girl -ə̃d DAT -u sing kunə̃ give dˤu PAST ɾi indicative dˤo 3.sing.OBJ dinˤ boy -eʋ NOM -u sing ɾe COMP “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (27) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Kub / Kub–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
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How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Kub. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 15 May 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/39V9K
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-39V9K,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Kub}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/39V9K}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 15 May 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.07 seconds.