A Grammar of Shib
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Shib language (the 243rd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Shib.
Typological Profile
It has the typologically rare OSV basic word order and four genders.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Shib has 21 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.
It has has no particularly unusual consonantal features.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Shib. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | alveolar | postalveolar | alveolo-palatal | lateral | palatal | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | k ɡ | |||||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| fricative | f | s | ʃ | h | ||||
| approximant | ʋ | ɾ | j | |||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ | ||||||
| implosive | ɓ |
Vowels
Shib has more than 14 vowel qualities. This constitutes an exceptionally rich vowel inventory, with numerous distinct categories represented in the chart.
It has phonologically distinctive back unrounded vowels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Shib. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back unrounded | back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | ɯ | u | |
| mid | e | ɤ | o | |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Shib has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /ɯ/, /e/ becomes /ɤ/.
Writing System
Introduction
Shib is normally written using the Arabic alphabet, a consonant-centred script whose forms vary according to position in the word. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided to make the pronunciation fully explicit.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ب /b/ | ت /t/ | ح /h/ | د /d/ |
| ر /ɾ/ | س /s/ | ش /ʃ/ | ف /f/ |
| ك /k/ | م /m/ | ن /n/ | و /au, ʋ/ |
| ي /ai, j/ | پ /p/ | ڃ /ɲ/ | چ /t͡ʃ/ |
| ڇ /t͡ɕ/ | ڭ /ŋ/ | گ /ɡ/ | ݐ /ɓ/ |
Diacritics
| ◌ٓ /a̰, ḛ, ḭ, o̰, ṵ, ɤ̰, ɯ̰/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Shib does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Shib has the following genders:
Gender cl.1 – for instance: بش ‘house’, بمڇ ‘lamb’, ديس ‘idea’, رش ‘animal’, سي ‘bird’, فٓود ‘breath’, فڇ ‘cat’, كم ‘chair’, مشٓر ‘lion’, ني ‘day’, نٓوٓك ‘louse’, نچ ‘bed’, ون ‘girl’, پك ‘night’, ڇت ‘daughter’, ڇنڃ ‘tiger’, ڭگ ‘fish’, گسيگ ‘worm’, گفف ‘student’, گچ ‘people’.
Gender cl.2 – for instance: بييح ‘river’, تف ‘boy’, دف ‘husband’, رٓش ‘name’, رڃون ‘bottle’, شٓس ‘sound’, فوٓپ ‘ice’, فٓشد ‘bank’, ور ‘north’, يٓوين ‘grass’, پكن ‘money’, ڃت ‘city’, ڃچ ‘friend’, چرف ‘hunter’, چنٓن ‘smoke’, ڇت ‘colour’, ڇڭ ‘sea’, ڭي ‘man’, گٓمك ‘sand’, ݐوم ‘son’.
Gender cl.3 – for instance: بسݐ ‘cheese’, تڇٓم ‘root’, دون ‘moon’, دٓڇ ‘tree’, دٓگس ‘mountain’, دڃ ‘fire’, سس ‘sky’, سݐ ‘egg’, شݐوچ ‘stick’, فف ‘star’, فين ‘fruit’, كتس ‘market’, وس ‘inside’, وچ ‘land’, پڇس ‘fog’, ڃب ‘west’, چم ‘meat’, چݐوڭ ‘cloud’, گٓݐ ‘knife’, ݐب ‘rain’.
Gender cl.4 – for instance: تت ‘hair’, تدو ‘liver’, حيش ‘penis’, دو ‘face’, رڃ ‘mouth’, شچ ‘tongue’, شگݐ ‘bark’, كن ‘leg’, كڃٓك ‘medicine’, مبٓو ‘bosom’, مگ ‘eye’, نشر ‘vagina’, وگيد ‘dialect’, پٓپم ‘anus’, ڇر ‘south’, ڇسم ‘breast’, ڇي ‘hand’, گٓڇيب ‘neck’, ݐو ‘bone’, ݐڃ ‘speech’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Shib can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> + </np> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> - </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|ɯ̰|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|k|i|</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|n|a|k|o|</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|t|o|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|t|a|p|ɤ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|ḭ|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|ɯ̰|#-> ɾɯ̰
### |ɾ|ɯ̰|
#-> ɾɯ̰
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |n|a|k|o|
#-> nako
### |n|a|k|o|
#-> nako
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |t|o|ɲ|
#-> toɲ
### |t|o|ɲ|
#-> toɲ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |t|a|p|ɤ|
#-> tapɤ
### |t|a|p|ɤ|
#-> tapɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |u|-
#-> u-
### |u|-
#-> u-
### |ɡ|ḭ|ɓ|
#-> ɡḭɓ
### |ɡ|ḭ|ɓ|
#-> ɡḭɓ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |ɾ|ɯ̰||m|u| |k|i| |n|a|k|o| |k||e||ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ||ḭ||j|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ḭ||t|o|ɲ||e||j|e| |t|a|p|ɤ| |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||u||ɡ|ḭ|ɓ||e||j|e| |m||o|ɡ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> ɾɯ̰mu ki nako keʃajuɾḭje hɤmu kḭtoɲeje tapɤ hɤɾu muɡḭɓeje moɡḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ɾ|ɯ̰|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|k|i|</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|n|a|k|o|</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|t|o|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|t|a|p|ɤ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|ḭ|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nako</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃajuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">toɲ</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tapɤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oɡ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɾɯ̰mu ki nako keʃajuɾḭje hɤmu kḭtoɲeje tapɤ hɤɾu muɡḭɓeje moɡḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>رٓم ك نك كشيرٓي حم كٓتڃي تپ حر مگٓݐي مگٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾɯ̰</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nako</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃajuɾ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>toɲ</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tapɤ</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>u-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡḭɓ</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oɡ</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɾɯ̰mu ki nako keʃajuɾḭje hɤmu kḭtoɲeje tapɤ hɤɾu muɡḭɓeje moɡḭɾo̰#-> ɾɯ̰mu ki nako keʃajuɾḭje hɤmu kḭtoɲeje tapɤ hɤɾu muɡḭɓeje moɡḭɾo̰
رٓم ك نك كشيرٓي حم كٓتڃي تپ حر مگٓݐي مگٓرٓ۔ [ɾɯ̰mu ki nako keʃajuɾḭje hɤmu kḭtoɲeje tapɤ hɤɾu muɡḭɓeje moɡḭɾo̰] ɾɯ̰ yon -mu cl.1 ki three nako blind k- cl.1 e- NOM ʃajuɾ mouse -ḭ plur -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ḭ- ERG toɲ woman -e sing -je no.owner.POSS tapɤ COMIT hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 u- LOC ɡḭɓ knife -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST oɡ catch -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Shib consists of first, an obligatory prefix expressing gender, comprising كـ /k-/ ‘cl.1’, ڇـ /t͡ɕ-/ ‘cl.2’, مـ /m-/ ‘cl.3’ and چـ /t͡ʃ-/ ‘cl.4’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising إـ /e-/ ‘NOM’, إ̰ـ /ḭ-/ ‘ERG’, إ̰ـ /ḛ-/ ‘ACC’, أ̰ـ /o̰-/ ‘DAT’, أ̰ـ /a̰-/ ‘INS’, إـ /i-/ ‘VOC’, أـ /a-/ ‘ALL’, أـ /u-/ ‘LOC’, أـ /o-/ ‘ABL’ and إنٓـ /ena̰-/ ‘PART’; third, the root; fourth, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising ـ /-e/ ‘sing’ and ـٓ /-ḭ/ ‘plur’; and finally, fifth, an obligatory suffix expressing possessor, comprising ـدٓ /-dṵ/ ‘1incl.sing’, ـدٓ /-dḛ/ ‘1excl.sing’, ـف /-fo/ ‘2.sing’, ـفة /-fa/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, ـتٓ /-tḛ/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, ـحة /-ha/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, ـدٓ /-da̰/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, ـفٓ /-fḭ/ ‘1incl.plur’, ـڃٓ /-ɲṵ/ ‘1excl.plur’, ـر /-ɾo/ ‘2.plur’, ـك /-ki/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, ـي /-jo/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, ـي /-ju/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, ـݐ /-ɓu/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’ and ـي /-je/ ‘no.owner’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely ـح /-ih/ ‘little’ and ـڭ /-aŋ/ ‘big’
The Adjective
The adjective in Shib stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Shib stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Shib, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising ـم /-mu/ ‘cl.1’, ـݐ /-ɓo/ ‘cl.2’, ـر /-ɾu/ ‘cl.3’ and ـم /-me/ ‘cl.4’.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Shib stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
In Shib, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|d|ɤ̰|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|o|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ɤ̰|#-> dɤ̰
### |d|ɤ̰|
#-> dɤ̰
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |d|ɤ̰| |k||o|ŋ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> dɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|d|ɤ̰|</word>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|o|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dɤ̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oŋ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>dɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>دٓ كڭٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>dɤ̰</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oŋ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### dɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰#-> dɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰
دٓ كڭٓرٓ۔ [dɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰] dɤ̰ 3.sing.cl.1 k- PRES oŋ love -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|d|ɤ̰|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɤ̰|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|o|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |d|ɤ̰|#-> dɤ̰
### |d|ɤ̰|
#-> dɤ̰
### |m|ɤ̰|
#-> mɤ̰
### |m|ɤ̰|
#-> mɤ̰
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |d|ɤ̰| |m|ɤ̰| |k||o|ŋ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> dɤ̰ mɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|d|ɤ̰|</word>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɤ̰|</word>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|o|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dɤ̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɤ̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oŋ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>dɤ̰ mɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>دٓ مٓ كڭٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>dɤ̰</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɤ̰</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oŋ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### dɤ̰ mɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰#-> dɤ̰ mɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰
دٓ مٓ كڭٓرٓ۔ [dɤ̰ mɤ̰ koŋḭɾo̰] dɤ̰ 3.sing.cl.1 mɤ̰ 3.sing.cl.2 k- PRES oŋ love -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “He loves her.” | (3) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Tafos hates Ricahm."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ḛ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Ricahm" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|ɾ|i|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Tafos" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|t|a|f|o|s|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɯ̰|ɓ|i|p|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Tafos hates Ricahm.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ḛ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="Ricahm" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|ɾ|i|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɤ̰|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="Ricahm" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|ɾ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m|</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Tafos" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|t|a|f|o|s|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɯ̰|ɓ|i|p|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɯ̰|ɓ|ɯ|p|</word>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ̰|-
#-> ɤ̰-
### |ɤ̰|-
#-> ɤ̰-
### |ɾ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m|
#-> ɾɯt͡ʃɤm
### |ɾ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m|
#-> ɾɯt͡ʃɤm
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t|a|f|o|s|
#-> tafos
### |t|a|f|o|s|
#-> tafos
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɯ̰|ɓ|ɯ|p|
#-> ɯ̰ɓɯp
### |ɯ̰|ɓ|ɯ|p|
#-> ɯ̰ɓɯp
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ̰||ɾ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m||ɤ||j|e| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||t|a|f|o|s||e||j|e| |k||ɯ̰|ɓ|ɯ|p||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu kɤ̰ɾɯt͡ʃɤmɤje hɤɓo t͡ɕetafoseje kɯ̰ɓɯpɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Tafos hates Ricahm.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɤ̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Ricahm" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|ɾ|ɯ|t͡ʃ|ɤ|m|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Tafos" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|t|a|f|o|s|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɯ̰|ɓ|ɯ|p|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ̰-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾɯt͡ʃɤm</span><br><span class="gls">Ricahm</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tafos</span><br><span class="gls">Tafos</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯ̰ɓɯp</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu kɤ̰ɾɯt͡ʃɤmɤje hɤɓo t͡ɕetafoseje kɯ̰ɓɯpɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كٓرچمي حݐ ڇتفسي كٓݐپٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ̰-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾɯt͡ʃɤm</o>
+ <g>Ricahm</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tafos</o>
+ <g>Tafos</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯ̰ɓɯp</o>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu kɤ̰ɾɯt͡ʃɤmɤje hɤɓo t͡ɕetafoseje kɯ̰ɓɯpɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤmu kɤ̰ɾɯt͡ʃɤmɤje hɤɓo t͡ɕetafoseje kɯ̰ɓɯpɯ̰ɾo̰
حم كٓرچمي حݐ ڇتفسي كٓݐپٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu kɤ̰ɾɯt͡ʃɤmɤje hɤɓo t͡ɕetafoseje kɯ̰ɓɯpɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ̰- ACC ɾɯt͡ʃɤm Ricahm -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM tafos Tafos -e sing -je no.owner.POSS k- PRES ɯ̰ɓɯp hate -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “Tafos hates Ricahm.” | (4) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t|i|f|
#-> tif
### |t|i|f|
#-> tif
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||e||ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ||e||t|ḛ| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||t|i|f||e||j|e|
#-> hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕetifeje
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓesoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕetifeje</p>
+ <p>حر مݐسݐتٓ حݐ ڇتفي</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓesoɓ</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tif</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕetifeje#-> hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕetifeje
حر مݐسݐتٓ حݐ ڇتفي [hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕetifeje] hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 e- NOM ɓesoɓ apple -e sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM tif boy -e sing -je no.owner.POSS “the boy’s apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɤ̰|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |m|ɤ̰|
#-> mɤ̰
### |m|ɤ̰|
#-> mɤ̰
### |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||e||ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ||e||t|ḛ| |m|ɤ̰|
#-> hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ mɤ̰
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">|m|ɤ̰|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓesoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɤ̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ mɤ̰</p>
+ <p>حر مݐسݐتٓ مٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓesoɓ</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>mɤ̰</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ mɤ̰#-> hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ mɤ̰
حر مݐسݐتٓ مٓ [hɤɾu meɓesoɓetḛ mɤ̰] hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 e- NOM ɓesoɓ apple -e sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS mɤ̰ 3.sing.cl.2 “his (the boy’s) apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">-|d|ḛ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|d|ḛ|
#-> -dḛ
### -|d|ḛ|
#-> -dḛ
### |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||e||ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ||e||d|ḛ|
#-> hɤɾu meɓesoɓedḛ
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.3" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">-|d|ḛ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓesoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dḛ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɾu meɓesoɓedḛ</p>
+ <p>حر مݐسݐدٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓesoɓ</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-dḛ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɾu meɓesoɓedḛ#-> hɤɾu meɓesoɓedḛ
حر مݐسݐدٓ [hɤɾu meɓesoɓedḛ] hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 e- NOM ɓesoɓ apple -e sing -dḛ 1excl.sing.POSS “my apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ERG"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.1"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> </np> - </np> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> - </np> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 2.sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɓ|au|m|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ɓ|u|t͡ʃ|a|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.POSS">-|f|o|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG">|t͡ɕ|e|t|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|e|b|a|d|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|au|m|
#-> ɓaum
### |ɓ|au|m|
#-> ɓaum
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|u|t͡ʃ|a|ɲ|
#-> ɓut͡ʃaɲ
### |ɓ|u|t͡ʃ|a|ɲ|
#-> ɓut͡ʃaɲ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|f|o|
#-> -fo
### -|f|o|
#-> -fo
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |t͡ɕ|e|t|
#-> t͡ɕet
### |t͡ɕ|e|t|
#-> t͡ɕet
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|b|a|d|
#-> ebad
### |e|b|a|d|
#-> ebad
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||ɓ|au|m||e||t|ḛ| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||ɓ|u|t͡ʃ|a|ɲ||e||f|o| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ḭ||t͡ɕ|e|t||e||t|ḛ| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f||e||j|e| |m||e|b|a|d||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓut͡ʃaɲefo hɤmu kḭt͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje mebadḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|ɓ|au|m|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ɓ|u|t͡ʃ|a|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.POSS">-|f|o|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="ERG">|t͡ɕ|e|t|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|e|b|a|d|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaum</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓut͡ʃaɲ</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fo</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕet</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃuɾef</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ebad</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓut͡ʃaɲefo hɤmu kḭt͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje mebadḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حݐ ڇݐومتٓ حݐ ڇݐچڃف حم كٓڇتتٓ حݐ ڇچرفي مبدٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaum</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓut͡ʃaɲ</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fo</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕet</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃuɾef</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ebad</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓut͡ʃaɲefo hɤmu kḭt͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje mebadḭɾo̰#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓut͡ʃaɲefo hɤmu kḭt͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje mebadḭɾo̰
حݐ ڇݐومتٓ حݐ ڇݐچڃف حم كٓڇتتٓ حݐ ڇچرفي مبدٓرٓ۔ [hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓut͡ʃaɲefo hɤmu kḭt͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje mebadḭɾo̰] hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM ɓaum son -e sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM ɓut͡ʃaɲ neighbour -e sing -fo 2.sing.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ḭ- ERG t͡ɕet daughter -e sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM t͡ʃuɾef hunter -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ebad kiss -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (8) |
Derivation
Shib has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|e|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|e|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |k|-#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> bɤmɯt͡ɕ
### |b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> bɤmɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |k||ɤ||b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e|
#-> kɤbɤmɯt͡ɕɤje
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɤmɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>kɤbɤmɯt͡ɕɤje</p>
+ <p>كبمڇي</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bɤmɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### kɤbɤmɯt͡ɕɤje#-> kɤbɤmɯt͡ɕɤje
كبمڇي [kɤbɤmɯt͡ɕɤje] k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM bɤmɯt͡ɕ lamb -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS “a lamb” | (9) |
In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|e|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|i||||h|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|e|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|i||||h|</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|ɯ||||h|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |k|-#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> bɤmɯt͡ɕ
### |b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> bɤmɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɯ||||h|
#-> -ɯh
### -|ɯ||||h|
#-> -ɯh
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |k||e||b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɯ||||h||e||j|e|
#-> kebɤmɯt͡ɕɯheje
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|b|ɤ|m|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|ɯ||||h|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɤmɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯh</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>kebɤmɯt͡ɕɯheje</p>
+ <p>كبمڇحي</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bɤmɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯh</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### kebɤmɯt͡ɕɯheje#-> kebɤmɯt͡ɕɯheje
كبمڇحي [kebɤmɯt͡ɕɯheje] k- cl.1 e- NOM bɤmɯt͡ɕ lamb -ɯh little -e sing -je no.owner.POSS “a little lamb” | (10) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Shib fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: a clitic expressing mode, comprising چ /t͡ʃo/ ‘imperative’, نٓ /no̰/ ‘conditional’ and فٓ /fo̰/ ‘optative’ followed by a clitic expressing negation, comprising م /mi/ ‘NEG’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an obligatory prefix expressing ta, comprising كـ /k-/ ‘PRES’ and مـ /m-/ ‘PAST’; second, the root; third, an obligatory suffix expressing voice, comprising ـٓ /-ḭ/ ‘active’ and ـٓ /-ṵ/ ‘passive’; and finally, fourth, an obligatory suffix expressing question, comprising ـنٓ /-nḭ/ ‘Q’ and ـرٓ /-ɾo̰/ ‘not.Q’.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely ـٓچ /-o̰t͡ʃ/ ‘begin’ and ـب /-ub/ ‘stop’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|o|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|u|#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|u| |k||o|ŋ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hu koŋḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|u|</word>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|o|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oŋ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hu koŋḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>ح كڭٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hu</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oŋ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hu koŋḭɾo̰#-> hu koŋḭɾo̰
ح كڭٓرٓ۔ [hu koŋḭɾo̰] hu 2.sing k- PRES oŋ love -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “I love you.” | (11) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɾ|ḛ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|ai|ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɾ|ḛ|#-> ɾḛ
### |ɾ|ḛ|
#-> ɾḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |u|-
#-> u-
### |u|-
#-> u-
### |t͡ʃ|ai|ʃ|
#-> t͡ʃaiʃ
### |t͡ʃ|ai|ʃ|
#-> t͡ʃaiʃ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |ɾ|ḛ| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||u||t͡ʃ|ai|ʃ||e||j|e|
#-> ɾḛ hɤmu kut͡ʃaiʃeje
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɾ|ḛ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|ai|ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾḛ</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃaiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ɾḛ hɤmu kut͡ʃaiʃeje</p>
+ <p>رٓ حم كچيشي</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾḛ</o>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>u-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃaiʃ</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɾḛ hɤmu kut͡ʃaiʃeje#-> ɾḛ hɤmu kut͡ʃaiʃeje
رٓ حم كچيشي [ɾḛ hɤmu kut͡ʃaiʃeje] ɾḛ in_surface hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 u- LOC t͡ʃaiʃ table -e sing -je no.owner.POSS “on the table” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɲ|ṵ|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|u|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ḛ|t͡ʃ|a|d|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɲ|ṵ|#-> ɲṵ
### |ɲ|ṵ|
#-> ɲṵ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |u|-
#-> u-
### |u|-
#-> u-
### |f|ḛ|t͡ʃ|a|d|
#-> fḛt͡ʃad
### |f|ḛ|t͡ʃ|a|d|
#-> fḛt͡ʃad
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |ɲ|ṵ| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||u||f|ḛ|t͡ʃ|a|d||e||j|e|
#-> ɲṵ hɤmu kufḛt͡ʃadeje
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɲ|ṵ|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|u|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ḛ|t͡ʃ|a|d|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲṵ</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fḛt͡ʃad</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ɲṵ hɤmu kufḛt͡ʃadeje</p>
+ <p>ڃٓ حم كفٓچدي</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲṵ</o>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>u-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fḛt͡ʃad</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɲṵ hɤmu kufḛt͡ʃadeje#-> ɲṵ hɤmu kufḛt͡ʃadeje
ڃٓ حم كفٓچدي [ɲṵ hɤmu kufḛt͡ʃadeje] ɲṵ to_inside hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 u- LOC fḛt͡ʃad box -e sing -je no.owner.POSS “into the box” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|t|a|p|ɤ|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|n|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t|a|p|ɤ|#-> tapɤ
### |t|a|p|ɤ|
#-> tapɤ
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |t|a|p|ɤ| |n|e|
#-> tapɤ ne
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|t|a|p|ɤ|</word>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|n|e|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tapɤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ne</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>tapɤ ne</p>
+ <p>تپ ن</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>tapɤ</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ne</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### tapɤ ne#-> tapɤ ne
تپ ن [tapɤ ne] tapɤ COMIT ne 1excl.sing “with me” | (14) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Shib adopts Object–Subject–Verb (OSV) as its unmarked word order. The object precedes the subject, and the verb appears clause-finally. OSV is a rare ordering pattern but is attested in a small number of languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Shib.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|s|u|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|i|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |m|u|s|u|ɲ|
#-> musuɲ
### |m|u|s|u|ɲ|
#-> musuɲ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|s|
#-> is
### |i|s|
#-> is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f||e||j|e| |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||ḭ||m|u|s|u|ɲ||e||j|e| |m||i|s||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤɾu mḭmusuɲeje misḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|s|u|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">|i|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃuɾef</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">musuɲ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">is</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤɾu mḭmusuɲeje misḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حݐ ڇچرفي حر مٓمسڃي مسٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃuɾef</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>musuɲ</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>is</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤɾu mḭmusuɲeje misḭɾo̰#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤɾu mḭmusuɲeje misḭɾo̰
حݐ ڇچرفي حر مٓمسڃي مسٓرٓ۔ [hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤɾu mḭmusuɲeje misḭɾo̰] hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM t͡ʃuɾef hunter -e sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 ḭ- ERG musuɲ jaguar -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST is kill -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.1"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">|p|u|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">-|f|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|t͡ɕ|e|t|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">|p|u|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">-|f|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|t͡ɕ|e|t|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|t|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |p|u|ŋ|
#-> puŋ
### |p|u|ŋ|
#-> puŋ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t͡ɕ|e|t|
#-> t͡ɕet
### |t͡ɕ|e|t|
#-> t͡ɕet
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|
#-> muʃḛɾ
### |m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|
#-> muʃḛɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|t|
#-> ɯt
### |ɯ|t|
#-> ɯt
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||p|u|ŋ||e||f|a| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||t͡ɕ|e|t||e||t|ḛ| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f||e||j|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ḭ||m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ||e||j|e| |m||ɯ|t||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu kepuŋefa hɤmu ket͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤmu kḭmuʃḛɾeje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="NOM">|p|u|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">-|f|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|t͡ɕ|e|t|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">puŋ</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕet</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃuɾef</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muʃḛɾ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯt</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu kepuŋefa hɤmu ket͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤmu kḭmuʃḛɾeje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كپڭف حم كڇتتٓ حݐ ڇچرفي حم كٓمشٓري متٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>puŋ</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.1.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕet</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃuɾef</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>muʃḛɾ</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯt</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu kepuŋefa hɤmu ket͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤmu kḭmuʃḛɾeje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤmu kepuŋefa hɤmu ket͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤmu kḭmuʃḛɾeje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰
حم كپڭف حم كڇتتٓ حݐ ڇچرفي حم كٓمشٓري متٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu kepuŋefa hɤmu ket͡ɕetetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕet͡ʃuɾefeje hɤmu kḭmuʃḛɾeje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM puŋ dog -e sing -fa 3.sing.cl.1.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM t͡ɕet daughter -e sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM t͡ʃuɾef hunter -e sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ḭ- ERG muʃḛɾ lion -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯt eat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (16) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Shib reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Shib expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> - </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 2.sing
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">beɾ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɤ|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ɓ|au|m|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.POSS">-|f|o|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">beɾ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɤ|t͡ʃ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ɓ|au|m|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.POSS">-|f|o|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### beɾ
#-> beɾ
### beɾ
#-> beɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɲ|ɤ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ɲɤt͡ʃ
### |ɲ|ɤ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ɲɤt͡ʃ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### -|t|ḛ|
#-> -tḛ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|au|m|
#-> ɓaum
### |ɓ|au|m|
#-> ɓaum
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|f|o|
#-> -fo
### -|f|o|
#-> -fo
### |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e|beɾ|e||t|ḛ| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||ɤ||ɲ|ɤ|t͡ʃ||ɤ||t|ḛ| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||e||ɓ|au|m||e||f|o|
#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕebeɾetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕɤɲɤt͡ʃɤtḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumefo
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">beɾ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɤ|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">-|t|ḛ|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">|ɓ|au|m|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.POSS">-|f|o|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">beɾ</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲɤt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-tḛ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaum</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fo</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɓo t͡ɕebeɾetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕɤɲɤt͡ʃɤtḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumefo</p>
+ <p>حݐ ڇبرتٓ حݐ ڇڃچتٓ حݐ ڇݐومف</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>beɾ</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲɤt͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-tḛ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓaum</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fo</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɓo t͡ɕebeɾetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕɤɲɤt͡ʃɤtḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumefo#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕebeɾetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕɤɲɤt͡ʃɤtḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumefo
حݐ ڇبرتٓ حݐ ڇڃچتٓ حݐ ڇݐومف [hɤɓo t͡ɕebeɾetḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕɤɲɤt͡ʃɤtḛ hɤɓo t͡ɕeɓaumefo] hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM beɾ book -e sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 ɤ- NOM ɲɤt͡ʃ friend -ɤ sing -tḛ 3.sing.cl.2.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 e- NOM ɓaum son -e sing -fo 2.sing.POSS “your son’s friend’s book” | (17) |
Case Marking
Shib uses split case marking. In the present tense, the grammar follows a nominative–accusative pattern, where intransitive and transitive subjects are treated alike and objects are marked with the accusative. In the past tense, however, it follows an ergative–absolutive pattern, here called ergative–nominative, where intransitive subjects and transitive objects are treated alike and transitive subjects are marked with the ergative. This makes sense because present-tense clauses often describe events as ongoing, habitual or controlled by an active participant, so the grammar treats the subject as the central argument. Past-tense clauses, by contrast, often present an event as completed, making the affected participant especially salient. The ergative marking then singles out the transitive agent as the additional participant responsible for bringing about that result.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|au|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|au|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |au|s|
#-> aus
### |au|s|
#-> aus
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |k||au|s||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kausḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|au|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aus</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kausḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كفڇي كوسٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aus</o>
+ <g>sleep</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kausḭɾo̰#-> hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kausḭɾo̰
حم كفڇي كوسٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kausḭɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS k- PRES aus sleep -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The cat is sleeping.” | (18) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/voice/obligatory
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|u|d|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|u|d|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |u|d|
#-> ud
### |u|d|
#-> ud
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |k||u|d||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kudḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|u|d|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ud</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kudḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كفڇي كدٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ud</o>
+ <g>run</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kudḭɾo̰#-> hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kudḭɾo̰
حم كفڇي كدٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kudḭɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS k- PRES ud run -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The cat is running.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/voice/obligatory
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ḛ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɤ|d|e|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ḛ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɤ|d|e|ɓ|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɤ|d|ɤ|ɓ|</word>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ḛ|-
#-> ḛ-
### |ḛ|-
#-> ḛ-
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|d|ɤ|ɓ|
#-> ɤdɤɓ
### |ɤ|d|ɤ|ɓ|
#-> ɤdɤɓ
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ḛ||ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ||e||j|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |k||ɤ|d|ɤ|ɓ||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu kḛʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kɤdɤɓɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ḛ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɤ|d|ɤ|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḛ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃajuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤdɤɓ</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu kḛʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kɤdɤɓɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كٓشيري حم كفڇي كدݐٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḛ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃajuɾ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤdɤɓ</o>
+ <g>chase</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu kḛʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kɤdɤɓɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤmu kḛʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kɤdɤɓɯ̰ɾo̰
حم كٓشيري حم كفڇي كدݐٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu kḛʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje kɤdɤɓɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ḛ- ACC ʃajuɾ mouse -e sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS k- PRES ɤdɤɓ chase -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (20) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ɯ̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɯ̰|-
#-> ɯ̰-
### |ɯ̰|-
#-> ɯ̰-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ||e||j|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɯ̰||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |m||o|ɡ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu keʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɯ̰fɯt͡ɕɤje moɡḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ɯ̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃajuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯ̰-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oɡ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu keʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɯ̰fɯt͡ɕɤje moɡḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كشيري حم كٓفڇي مگٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃajuɾ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯ̰-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oɡ</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu keʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɯ̰fɯt͡ɕɤje moɡḭɾo̰#-> hɤmu keʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɯ̰fɯt͡ɕɤje moɡḭɾo̰
حم كشيري حم كٓفڇي مگٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu keʃajuɾeje hɤmu kɯ̰fɯt͡ɕɤje moɡḭɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM ʃajuɾ mouse -e sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɯ̰- ERG fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST oɡ catch -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The cat caught the mouse.” | (21) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|m|u|s|u|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t͡ɕ|e|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|t͡ɕ|u|n|o|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t͡ɕ|e|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|i|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |m|u|s|u|ɲ|
#-> musuɲ
### |m|u|s|u|ɲ|
#-> musuɲ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |t͡ɕ|e|
#-> t͡ɕe
### |t͡ɕ|e|
#-> t͡ɕe
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |t͡ɕ|u|n|o|ɲ|
#-> t͡ɕunoɲ
### |t͡ɕ|u|n|o|ɲ|
#-> t͡ɕunoɲ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |t͡ɕ|e|
#-> t͡ɕe
### |t͡ɕ|e|
#-> t͡ɕe
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|
#-> muʃḛɾ
### |m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|
#-> muʃḛɾ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### |t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|
#-> t͡ʃuɾef
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |i|s|
#-> is
### |i|s|
#-> is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||e||m|u|s|u|ɲ||ḭ||j|e| |t͡ɕ|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||t͡ɕ|u|n|o|ɲ||ḭ||j|e| |t͡ɕ|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ||ḭ||j|e| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||ḭ||t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f||e||j|e| |m||i|s||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤɾu memusuɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu ket͡ɕunoɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu kemuʃḛɾḭje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭt͡ʃuɾefeje misḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|m|u|s|u|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t͡ɕ|e|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|t͡ɕ|u|n|o|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t͡ɕ|e|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|m|u|ʃ|ḛ|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|u|ɾ|e|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|i|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">musuɲ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕe</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕunoɲ</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕe</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muʃḛɾ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃuɾef</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">is</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɾu memusuɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu ket͡ɕunoɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu kemuʃḛɾḭje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭt͡ʃuɾefeje misḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حر ممسڃٓي ڇ حم كڇنڃٓي ڇ حم كمشٓرٓي حݐ ڇٓچرفي مسٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>musuɲ</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕe</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕunoɲ</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕe</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>muʃḛɾ</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃuɾef</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>is</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɾu memusuɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu ket͡ɕunoɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu kemuʃḛɾḭje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭt͡ʃuɾefeje misḭɾo̰#-> hɤɾu memusuɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu ket͡ɕunoɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu kemuʃḛɾḭje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭt͡ʃuɾefeje misḭɾo̰
حر ممسڃٓي ڇ حم كڇنڃٓي ڇ حم كمشٓرٓي حݐ ڇٓچرفي مسٓرٓ۔ [hɤɾu memusuɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu ket͡ɕunoɲḭje t͡ɕe hɤmu kemuʃḛɾḭje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭt͡ʃuɾefeje misḭɾo̰] hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 e- NOM musuɲ jaguar -ḭ plur -je no.owner.POSS t͡ɕe and hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM t͡ɕunoɲ tiger -ḭ plur -je no.owner.POSS t͡ɕe and hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM muʃḛɾ lion -ḭ plur -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 ḭ- ERG t͡ʃuɾef hunter -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST is kill -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (22) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Shib provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Shib forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |m||ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯʃo̰m</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯʃo̰m</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯʃo̰m pat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “I patted the cat.” | (23) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ||e||j|e| |m||o|ɡ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |m||ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃajuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oɡ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯʃo̰m</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حم كشيري مگٓرٓ حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃajuɾ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oɡ</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯʃo̰m</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
حم كشيري مگٓرٓ حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ۔ [hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM ʃajuɾ mouse -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST oɡ catch -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯʃo̰m pat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (24) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <subs> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ɯ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ɯ|t|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|
#-> basɯɓ
### |b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|
#-> basɯɓ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|t|
#-> ɯt
### |ɯ|t|
#-> ɯt
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||ɤ||b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ||ɤ||j|e| |m||ɯ|t||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ||e||j|e| |m||o|ɡ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |m||ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3">|ɯ|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">basɯɓ</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯt</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃajuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oɡ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯʃo̰m</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حر مبسݐي متٓرٓ حم كشيري مگٓرٓ حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾu</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>basɯɓ</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯt</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʃajuɾ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oɡ</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɤ-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɤ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯʃo̰m</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
حر مبسݐي متٓرٓ حم كشيري مگٓرٓ حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ۔ [hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 ɤ- NOM basɯɓ cheese -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯt eat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM ʃajuɾ mouse -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST oɡ catch -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯʃo̰m pat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (25) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <subs> - <subs> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|au|ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">|n|e|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|o|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|au|ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">|n|e|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|t|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|o|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |m|-#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |au|ʃ|
#-> auʃ
### |au|ʃ|
#-> auʃ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### -|ɾ|u|
#-> -ɾu
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|
#-> basɯɓ
### |b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|
#-> basɯɓ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|t|
#-> ɯt
### |ɯ|t|
#-> ɯt
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### |ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|
#-> ʃajuɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### |o|ɡ|
#-> oɡ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |ɤ|-
#-> ɤ-
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### |f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|
#-> fɯt͡ɕ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|ɤ|
#-> -ɤ
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### |ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|
#-> ɯʃo̰m
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |m||au|ʃ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰| |n|e| |h|ɤ||ɾ|u| |m||ɤ||b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ||ɤ||j|e| |m||ɯ|t||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||e||ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ||e||j|e| |m||o|ɡ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||ɤ||f|ɯ|t͡ɕ||ɤ||j|e| |m||ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> mauʃḭɾo̰ ne hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|au|ʃ|</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">|n|e|</word> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">-|ɾ|u|</thingy> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|b|a|s|ɯ|ɓ|</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|t|</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|ʃ|a|j|u|ɾ|</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">|o|ɡ|</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|h|ɤ|</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ɤ|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" case="NOM" person="1excl">|f|ɯ|t͡ɕ|</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ɤ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɯ|ʃ|o̰|m|</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auʃ</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ne</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">basɯɓ</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯt</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃajuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oɡ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɯt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɤ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯʃo̰m</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p> + <p>mauʃḭɾo̰ ne hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰</p> + <p>موشٓرٓ ن حر مبسݐي متٓرٓ حم كشيري مگٓرٓ حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>auʃ</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾo̰</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ne</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hɤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾu</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɤ-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>basɯɓ</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɤ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-je</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɯt</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯ̰</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾo̰</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hɤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃajuɾ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-je</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>oɡ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾo̰</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hɤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɤ-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɯt͡ɕ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɤ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-je</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɯʃo̰m</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯ̰</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾo̰</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### mauʃḭɾo̰ ne hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
#-> mauʃḭɾo̰ ne hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰
موشٓرٓ ن حر مبسݐي متٓرٓ حم كشيري مگٓرٓ حم كفڇي مشٓمٓرٓ۔ [mauʃḭɾo̰ ne hɤɾu mɤbasɯɓɤje mɯtɯ̰ɾo̰ hɤmu keʃajuɾeje moɡḭɾo̰ hɤmu kɤfɯt͡ɕɤje mɯʃo̰mɯ̰ɾo̰] m- PAST auʃ buy -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q ne 1excl.sing hɤ the -ɾu cl.3 m- cl.3 ɤ- NOM basɯɓ cheese -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯt eat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 e- NOM ʃajuɾ mouse -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST oɡ catch -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 ɤ- NOM fɯt͡ɕ cat -ɤ sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST ɯʃo̰m pat -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (26) |
Complementation Strategies
Shib forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ERG"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
- <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatoryGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɡiteɾ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|e|n|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">|a̰|h|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">|t|i|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">-|f|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|n|ḛ|f|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɡiteɾ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|e|n|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">|a̰|h|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">|t|i|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">-|f|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|n|ḛ|f|</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|n|ɤ̰|f|</word>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |h|ɤ|#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |o̰|-
#-> o̰-
### |o̰|-
#-> o̰-
### ɡiteɾ
#-> ɡiteɾ
### ɡiteɾ
#-> ɡiteɾ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### |ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|
#-> ɓesoɓ
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |o̰|-
#-> o̰-
### |o̰|-
#-> o̰-
### |ʋ|e|n|
#-> ʋen
### |ʋ|e|n|
#-> ʋen
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a̰|h|
#-> a̰h
### |a̰|h|
#-> a̰h
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |t|i|f|
#-> tif
### |t|i|f|
#-> tif
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### -|f|a|
#-> -fa
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |ɯ|n|ɤ̰|f|
#-> ɯnɤ̰f
### |ɯ|n|ɤ̰|f|
#-> ɯnɤ̰f
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɯ̰|
#-> -ɯ̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||o̰|ɡiteɾ|e||j|e| |m||e||ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ||e||j|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||o̰||ʋ|e|n||e||j|e| |m||a̰|h||ḭ||ɾ|o̰| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||ḭ||t|i|f||e||f|a| |m||ɯ|n|ɤ̰|f||ɯ̰||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕo̰ɡiteɾeje meɓesoɓeje hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje ma̰hḭɾo̰ hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifefa mɯnɤ̰fɯ̰ɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɡiteɾ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">|ɓ|e|s|o|ɓ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|e|n|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.3" indobj="3.sing.cl.1">|a̰|h|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" case="ERG">|t|i|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">-|f|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">|ɯ|n|ɤ̰|f|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ɯ̰|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o̰-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡiteɾ</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓesoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o̰-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋen</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a̰h</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɯnɤ̰f</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯ̰</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hɤɓo t͡ɕo̰ɡiteɾeje meɓesoɓeje hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje ma̰hḭɾo̰ hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifefa mɯnɤ̰fɯ̰ɾo̰</p>
+ <p>حݐ ڇٓگتري مݐسݐي حم كٓوني مٓحٓرٓ حݐ ڇٓتفف منٓفٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o̰-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɡiteɾ</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>cl.3</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɓesoɓ</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o̰-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʋen</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a̰h</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tif</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-fa</o>
+ <g>3.sing.cl.1.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɯnɤ̰f</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɯ̰</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hɤɓo t͡ɕo̰ɡiteɾeje meɓesoɓeje hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje ma̰hḭɾo̰ hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifefa mɯnɤ̰fɯ̰ɾo̰#-> hɤɓo t͡ɕo̰ɡiteɾeje meɓesoɓeje hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje ma̰hḭɾo̰ hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifefa mɯnɤ̰fɯ̰ɾo̰
حݐ ڇٓگتري مݐسݐي حم كٓوني مٓحٓرٓ حݐ ڇٓتفف منٓفٓرٓ۔ [hɤɓo t͡ɕo̰ɡiteɾeje meɓesoɓeje hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje ma̰hḭɾo̰ hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifefa mɯnɤ̰fɯ̰ɾo̰] hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 o̰- DAT ɡiteɾ teacher -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- cl.3 e- NOM ɓesoɓ apple -e sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 o̰- DAT ʋen girl -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST a̰h give -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 ḭ- ERG tif boy -e sing -fa 3.sing.cl.1.POSS m- PAST ɯnɤ̰f surprise -ɯ̰ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (27) |
Quotes
Shib expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module RelN: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </np> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
addaffixes:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" person="1excl" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">|o|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|n|e|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|e|n|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|f|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|e|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |h|u|#-> hu
### |h|u|
#-> hu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### |o|ŋ|
#-> oŋ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |n|e|
#-> ne
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### -|m|u|
#-> -mu
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |o̰|-
#-> o̰-
### |o̰|-
#-> o̰-
### |ʋ|e|n|
#-> ʋen
### |ʋ|e|n|
#-> ʋen
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### |h|ɤ|
#-> hɤ
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### -|ɓ|o|
#-> -ɓo
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |t͡ɕ|-
#-> t͡ɕ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |ḭ|-
#-> ḭ-
### |t|i|f|
#-> tif
### |t|i|f|
#-> tif
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|e|
#-> -e
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### -|j|e|
#-> -je
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |e|ɡ|
#-> eɡ
### |e|ɡ|
#-> eɡ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### -|ɾ|o̰|
#-> -ɾo̰
### |h|u| |k||o|ŋ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰| |n|e| |h|ɤ||m|u| |k||o̰||ʋ|e|n||e||j|e| |h|ɤ||ɓ|o| |t͡ɕ||ḭ||t|i|f||e||j|e| |m||e|ɡ||ḭ||ɾ|o̰|
#-> hu koŋḭɾo̰ ne hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifeje meɡḭɾo̰
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|h|u|</word>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">|o|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">|n|e|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">-|m|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">|k|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|o̰|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">|ʋ|e|n|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|h|ɤ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|ɓ|o|</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">|t͡ɕ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">|ḭ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|f|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|e|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-|j|e|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|m|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|e|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">-|ɾ|o̰|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oŋ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ne</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o̰-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋen</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓo</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-je</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɡ</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾo̰</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span></p>
+ <p>hu koŋḭɾo̰ ne hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifeje meɡḭɾo̰</p>
+ <p>ح كڭٓرٓ ن حم كٓوني حݐ ڇٓتفي مگٓرٓ</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>hu</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>oŋ</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ne</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-mu</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>k-</o>
+ <g>cl.1</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o̰-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʋen</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>hɤ</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɓo</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ɕ-</o>
+ <g>cl.2</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ḭ-</o>
+ <g>ERG</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>tif</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-e</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-je</o>
+ <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɡ</o>
+ <g>tell</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ɾo̰</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### hu koŋḭɾo̰ ne hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifeje meɡḭɾo̰#-> hu koŋḭɾo̰ ne hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifeje meɡḭɾo̰
ح كڭٓرٓ ن حم كٓوني حݐ ڇٓتفي مگٓرٓ۔ [hu koŋḭɾo̰ ne hɤmu ko̰ʋeneje hɤɓo t͡ɕḭtifeje meɡḭɾo̰] hu 2.sing k- PRES oŋ love -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q ne 1excl.sing hɤ the -mu cl.1 k- cl.1 o̰- DAT ʋen girl -e sing -je no.owner.POSS hɤ the -ɓo cl.2 t͡ɕ- cl.2 ḭ- ERG tif boy -e sing -je no.owner.POSS m- PAST eɡ tell -ḭ active -ɾo̰ not.Q “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (28) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Shib. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.91, on 8 June 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/3X0KA
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-3X0KA,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Shib}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/3X0KA}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.91, on 8 June 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Shib / Shib–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
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https://languagecreator.org/grammar/3X0KA
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