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A Grammar of Kach

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Kach language (the 1638th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Kach.

Typological Profile

It has a small but genuine set of click consonants.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Kach has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 28 phonemes.

It has a notably rich set of sibilant contrasts, a modest (but clearly contrastive) set of labialised consonants, a small but genuine set of click consonants and a markedly rich set of labial consonants.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Kach. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labialdentalalveolarpostalveolaralveolo-palatallateralpalatalvelarlab. velarglottal
stopp b d t k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ
ejective stopkʼ kʷʼ
nasalm n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ
fricativef s ʃ h
approximantʋ l j
affricatet͡ʃ t͡ɕ
implosiveɓ
clickᵏǀ
click, nasalᵑǀ

Vowels

Kach has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Kach. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

frontcentralback
closei u
mide ə̃ o
opena

Stress and Tones

Kach has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Kach is normally written using the Devanagari abugida, the script employed for Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi and several other Indo-Aryan languages. This grammar also makes systematic use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to present an exact account of pronunciation.

Devanagari’s syllabic structure differs markedly from the IPA’s segmental approach, so the two notations complement one another: the script shows the organisation of syllables, while the IPA supplies detail on individual sounds.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

अ /a/इ /i/उ /u/ए /e/
एँ /ə̃/ऐ /ai/ओ /o/औ /au/
क् /k/ग् /ɡ/ङ् /ŋ/च् /t͡ɕ/
ञ् /ɲ/त् /t/द् /d/न् /n/
प् /p/ब् /b/भ् /ɓ/म् /m/
य् /j/ल् /l/व् /ʋ/ष् /ʃ/
स् /s/ह् /h/क़ /kʼ/फ़् /f/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

क्त् /ᵏǀ/क्व् /kʷ/ग्व् /ɡʷ/
ङ्त् /ᵑǀ/ङ्व् /ŋʷ/च्ष् /t͡ʃ/
क़व् /kʼʷ/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Kach does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Kach has the following genders:

Gender masc – for instance: कतुस् ‘market’, गौच्ष् ‘speech’, ङ्तेक्व् ‘ear’, ङ्तोवुफ़् ‘plain’, चोक़इक़व् ‘vagina’, च्षिङ् ‘boy’, ञिन् ‘man’, ञुस् ‘husband’, तष् ‘eye’, दौफ़् ‘land’, भेषिफ़् ‘breast’, भोलल् ‘dialect’, वुग्वक़व् ‘hunter’, षेङ्व् ‘sun’, सपोफ़् ‘wing’, सेँभ् ‘blood’, क़एचय् ‘bosom’, फ़ग्व् ‘foot’, फ़ुयक् ‘tail’, फ़ेभ् ‘nose’.

Gender fem – for instance: क्त ‘city’, क्तवेँफ़् ‘knee’, क्तिकुञ् ‘faeces’, क्वम् ‘house’, ग्विबेस् ‘umbrella’, ङ्ततन् ‘ash’, चलुक़ ‘bottle’, चोक् ‘language’, ञिय् ‘sound’, तुक़व् ‘bed’, दिलुस् ‘stick’, दुत् ‘head’, देफ़् ‘mother’, दोमुस् ‘salt’, लिफ़् ‘moon’, लुषिम् ‘fat’, वल् ‘wife’, वेच्षक्व् ‘tower’, षिम् ‘road’, फ़ोषेक्व् ‘sand’.

Gender neut – for instance: क्तिभ् ‘wind’, गिन् ‘leaf’, गेग् ‘fruit’, गोच्षेव् ‘breath’, ग्वल् ‘mouth’, ग्वेसोल् ‘restaurant’, ङिङ् ‘bird’, चौप् ‘child’, च्षौच्ष् ‘stone’, तुस् ‘animal’, निञोक़ ‘river’, नक़वञ् ‘flower’, भेयुफ़् ‘farmer’, मेमक् ‘wild boar’, येँग्व् ‘back’, वैक् ‘people’, वोद् ‘face’, वोपौल् ‘bark’, षोञिफ़् ‘tiger’, सेसिक़ ‘jaguar’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Kach can be exemplified by the following example:

सिक़ क्तौङच् लेदो षोञ् क्तौङच् गोदेन् च्षक् गिम् चिमिन् षिफ़च्।

[sikʼ ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ledo ʃoɲ ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ɡoden t͡ʃak ɡim t͡ɕimin ʃifat͡ɕ]

sikʼ
woman ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ledo
COMIT ʃoɲ
knife ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ɡod
catch -en
PAST t͡ʃak
three ɡim
blind t͡ɕimin
mouse ʃif
yon -at͡ɕ
fem

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

 (1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing case. a clitic expressing case, comprising क्तेल् /ᵏǀel/ ‘GEN’, षफ़् /ʃaf/ ‘DAT’, क्तोच् /ᵏǀot͡ɕ/ ‘INS’, क़ओद् /kʼod/ ‘VOC’, किह् /kih/ ‘ALL’, चोफ़् /t͡ɕof/ ‘LOC’, क्वित् /kʷit/ ‘ABL’ and भत् /ɓat/ ‘PART’.

The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Kach.

The Noun

The noun in Kach stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ङे /-ŋe/ ‘little’ and -दु /-du/ ‘big’

The Adjective

The adjective in Kach stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Kach stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Kach, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising -इस् /-is/ ‘masc’ and -अच् /-at͡ɕ/ ‘fem’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Kach stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Kach, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

लुदुस् ते।

[ludus te]

lud
love -us
PRES te
3.fem

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

 (2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

ङ्तैन् लुदुस् ते।

[ᵑǀain ludus te]

ᵑǀain
3.masc lud
love -us
PRES te
3.fem

“He loves her.”

 (3)

Proper Nouns

ञुसिक्व् क्तौङिस् फ़िङिक़वुस् षोयष् क्तौङच्।

[ɲusikʷ ᵏǀauŋis fiŋikʼʷus ʃojaʃ ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ]

ɲusikʷ
Nyusik ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc fiŋikʼʷ
hate -us
PRES ʃojaʃ
Shoyash ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem

“Nyusik hates Shoyash.”

 (4)

Possession

ङ्तुतैफ़् क्तौङ् च्षिङ् क्तौङिस् क्तेल्

[ᵑǀutaif ᵏǀauŋ t͡ʃiŋ ᵏǀauŋis ᵏǀel]

ᵑǀutaif
apple ᵏǀauŋ
the t͡ʃiŋ
boy ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc ᵏǀel
GEN

“the boy’s apple”

 (5)
ङ्तुतैफ़् क्तौङ् ङ्तैन् क्तेल्

[ᵑǀutaif ᵏǀauŋ ᵑǀain ᵏǀel]

ᵑǀutaif
apple ᵏǀauŋ
the ᵑǀain
3.masc ᵏǀel
GEN

“his (the boy’s) apple”

 (6)
ङ्तुतैफ़् क्तौङ् मञ् क्तेल्

[ᵑǀutaif ᵏǀauŋ maɲ ᵏǀel]

ᵑǀutaif
apple ᵏǀauŋ
the maɲ
1excl ᵏǀel
GEN

“my apple”

 (7)
चुय् क्तौङच् वुग्वक़व् क्तौङिस् क्तेल् च्षेङैक़एन् गोल् क्तौङिस् किग्वेल् क्तौङ् क्तेल् भम् क्तेल्।

[t͡ɕuj ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ʋuɡʷakʼʷ ᵏǀauŋis ᵏǀel t͡ʃeŋaikʼen ɡol ᵏǀauŋis kiɡʷel ᵏǀauŋ ᵏǀel ɓam ᵏǀel]

t͡ɕuj
daughter ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ʋuɡʷakʼʷ
hunter ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc ᵏǀel
GEN t͡ʃeŋaikʼ
kiss -en
PAST ɡol
son ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc kiɡʷel
neighbour ᵏǀauŋ
the ᵏǀel
GEN ɓam
2 ᵏǀel
GEN

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

 (8)

Derivation

Kach has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

गेक़विङ्

[ɡekʼʷiŋ]

ɡekʼʷiŋ
lamb

“a lamb”

 (9)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

गेक़विङ्ङे

[ɡekʼʷiŋŋe]

ɡekʼʷiŋ
lamb -ŋe
little

“a little lamb”

 (10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Kach are enclitics (placed finally), and there are four types: first, a clitic expressing mode, comprising वुङ्व् /ʋuŋʷ/ ‘imperative’, ङ्तिग्व् /ᵑǀiɡʷ/ ‘conditional’ and फ़ुह् /fuh/ ‘optative’; second, a clitic expressing voice, comprising भेङ्व् /ɓeŋʷ/ ‘passive’; third, a clitic expressing negation, comprising फ़ोफ़् /fof/ ‘NEG’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing question, comprising च्षक़ /t͡ʃakʼ/ ‘Q’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing ta, comprising -उस् /-us/ ‘PRES’ and -एन् /-en/ ‘PAST’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ओङ् /-oŋ/ ‘begin’ and -उग्व् /-uɡʷ/ ‘stop’

लुदुस् भम्।

[ludus ɓam]

lud
love -us
PRES ɓam
2

“I love you.”

 (11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

ञिग्व् क़उङ्व् फ़िस् क्तौङच्

[ɲiɡʷ kʼuŋʷ fis ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ]

ɲiɡʷ
in kʼuŋʷ
surface fis
table ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem

“on the table”

 (12)
च्षेस् गैच्ष् क्तिञेँन् क्तौङच्

[t͡ʃes ɡait͡ʃ ᵏǀiɲə̃n ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ]

t͡ʃes
to ɡait͡ʃ
inside ᵏǀiɲə̃n
box ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem

“into the box”

 (13)
लेदो मञ्

[ledo maɲ]

ledo
COMIT maɲ
1excl

“with me”

 (14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Kach employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Kach.

सेसिक़ क्तौङ् हञेन् वुग्वक़व् क्तौङिस्।

[sesikʼ ᵏǀauŋ haɲen ʋuɡʷakʼʷ ᵏǀauŋis]

sesikʼ
jaguar ᵏǀauŋ
the haɲ
kill -en
PAST ʋuɡʷakʼʷ
hunter ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

 (15)
भिगोप् क्तौङ् चुचेन् गौच् क्तौङ् चुय् क्तौङच् क्तेल् वुग्वक़व् क्तौङिस् क्तेल्।

[ɓiɡop ᵏǀauŋ t͡ɕut͡ɕen ɡaut͡ɕ ᵏǀauŋ t͡ɕuj ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ᵏǀel ʋuɡʷakʼʷ ᵏǀauŋis ᵏǀel]

ɓiɡop
lion ᵏǀauŋ
the t͡ɕut͡ɕ
eat -en
PAST ɡaut͡ɕ
dog ᵏǀauŋ
the t͡ɕuj
daughter ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ᵏǀel
GEN ʋuɡʷakʼʷ
hunter ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc ᵏǀel
GEN

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

 (16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Kach reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Kach expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

लिब्ə̃न् क्तौङच् दुह् क्तौङ् क्तेल् गोल् क्तौङिस् क्तेल् भम् क्तेल्

[libə̃n ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ duh ᵏǀauŋ ᵏǀel ɡol ᵏǀauŋis ᵏǀel ɓam ᵏǀel]

libə̃n
book ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem duh
friend ᵏǀauŋ
the ᵏǀel
GEN ɡol
son ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc ᵏǀel
GEN ɓam
2 ᵏǀel
GEN

“your son’s friend’s book”

 (17)

Case Marking

Kach does not use case marking to distinguish the core participants of the clause. There is therefore no regular nominative, accusative, ergative, active or stative marking on subjects and objects. Instead, the roles of the participants are identified by other means, cf. the examples below.

लेल् क्तौङ् दुङुस्।

[lel ᵏǀauŋ duŋus]

lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the duŋ
sleep -us
PRES

“The cat is sleeping.”

 (18)
लेल् क्तौङ् क्विङुस्।

[lel ᵏǀauŋ kʷiŋus]

lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the kʷiŋ
run -us
PRES

“The cat is running.”

 (19)
लेल् क्तौङ् क़वेसमुस् चिमिन् क्तौङच्।

[lel ᵏǀauŋ kʼʷesamus t͡ɕimin ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ]

lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the kʼʷesam
chase -us
PRES t͡ɕimin
mouse ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

 (20)
लेल् क्तौङ् गोदेन् चिमिन् क्तौङच्।

[lel ᵏǀauŋ ɡoden t͡ɕimin ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ]

lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the ɡod
catch -en
PAST t͡ɕimin
mouse ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem

“The cat caught the mouse.”

 (21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

वुग्वक़व् क्तौङिस् हञेन् सेसिक़ क्तौङ् क्तेँल् षोञिफ़् क्तौङ् क्तेँल् भिगोप् क्तौङ्।

[ʋuɡʷakʼʷ ᵏǀauŋis haɲen sesikʼ ᵏǀauŋ ᵏǀə̃l ʃoɲif ᵏǀauŋ ᵏǀə̃l ɓiɡop ᵏǀauŋ]

ʋuɡʷakʼʷ
hunter ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc haɲ
kill -en
PAST sesikʼ
jaguar ᵏǀauŋ
the ᵏǀə̃l
and ʃoɲif
tiger ᵏǀauŋ
the ᵏǀə̃l
and ɓiɡop
lion ᵏǀauŋ
the

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

 (22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Kach provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Kach forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

फ़ग्वक़एन् लेल् क्तौङ्।

[faɡʷakʼen lel ᵏǀauŋ]

faɡʷakʼ
pat -en
PAST lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the

“I patted the cat.”

 (23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

फ़ग्वक़एन् गोदेन् चिमिन् क्तौङच् वलौष् लेल् क्तौङ्।

[faɡʷakʼen ɡoden t͡ɕimin ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ʋalauʃ lel ᵏǀauŋ]

faɡʷakʼ
pat -en
PAST ɡod
catch -en
PAST t͡ɕimin
mouse ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ʋalauʃ
COMP lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

 (24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

फ़ग्वक़एन् गोदेन् चुचेन् यलब् क्तौङ् वलौष् चिमिन् क्तौङच् वलौष् लेल् क्तौङ्।

[faɡʷakʼen ɡoden t͡ɕut͡ɕen jalab ᵏǀauŋ ʋalauʃ t͡ɕimin ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ʋalauʃ lel ᵏǀauŋ]

faɡʷakʼ
pat -en
PAST ɡod
catch -en
PAST t͡ɕut͡ɕ
eat -en
PAST jalab
cheese ᵏǀauŋ
the ʋalauʃ
COMP t͡ɕimin
mouse ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ʋalauʃ
COMP lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

 (25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

फ़ग्वक़एन् गोदेन् चुचेन् मञ् दिच्षेन् वलौष् यलब् क्तौङ् वलौष् चिमिन् क्तौङच् वलौष् लेल् क्तौङ्।

[faɡʷakʼen ɡoden t͡ɕut͡ɕen maɲ dit͡ʃen ʋalauʃ jalab ᵏǀauŋ ʋalauʃ t͡ɕimin ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ʋalauʃ lel ᵏǀauŋ]

faɡʷakʼ
pat -en
PAST ɡod
catch -en
PAST t͡ɕut͡ɕ
eat -en
PAST maɲ
1excl dit͡ʃ
buy -en
PAST ʋalauʃ
COMP jalab
cheese ᵏǀauŋ
the ʋalauʃ
COMP t͡ɕimin
mouse ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ʋalauʃ
COMP lel
cat ᵏǀauŋ
the

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

 (26)

Complementation Strategies

Kach introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

च्षिङ् क्तौङिस् क्वौसेन् सुन् क्तौङच् ङ्तुतैफ़् वलौष् ङ्वङ्वेलेन् गित्ə̃न् क्तौङ्।

[t͡ʃiŋ ᵏǀauŋis kʷausen sun ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ᵑǀutaif ʋalauʃ ŋʷaŋʷelen ɡitə̃n ᵏǀauŋ]

t͡ʃiŋ
boy ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc kʷaus
give -en
PAST sun
girl ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem ᵑǀutaif
apple ʋalauʃ
COMP ŋʷaŋʷel
surprise -en
PAST ɡitə̃n
teacher ᵏǀauŋ
the

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

 (27)

Quotes

Kach employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

च्षिङ् क्तौङिस् ङैतेन् सुन् क्तौङच् मञ् लुदुस् भम् वलौष्।

[t͡ʃiŋ ᵏǀauŋis ŋaiten sun ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ maɲ ludus ɓam ʋalauʃ]

t͡ʃiŋ
boy ᵏǀauŋ
the -is
masc ŋait
tell -en
PAST sun
girl ᵏǀauŋ
the -at͡ɕ
fem maɲ
1excl lud
love -us
PRES ɓam
2 ʋalauʃ
COMP

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

 (28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Kach. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 14 September 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/4PN90

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-4PN90,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Kach}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/4PN90}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 14 September 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Kach / Kach–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

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