A Grammar of Sal

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Sal language (the 1789th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Sal.

Typological Profile

It has postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Sal has 23 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has has no particularly unusual consonantal features.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Sal. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	lateral	palatal	velar	glottal
stop	p b	d t					k ɡ
nasal	m	n				ɲ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap		r
fricative	f	s z	ʃ ʒ					h
approximant	w				l	j
affricate			t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ

Vowels

Sal has 9 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a strongly reduced vowel system in unstressed syllables, a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels, a partially contrastive system of vowel length and occasional ghost vowels that surface only weakly.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Sal. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	central	back
close	i		u
mid	e	ə̃ ə	o
open		a

Stress and Tones

Sal has phonemic stress and 6 lexical tones. Each lexical item carries a tonal specification associated with the first vowel of the root, which determines the overall tonal contour of the word.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Sal is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/	b /b/	d /d/	e /ə/
f /f/	g /ɡ/	h /h/	i /i/
j /j/	k /k/	l /l/	m /m/
n /n/	o /o/	p /p/	r /r/
s /s/	t /t/	u /u/	w /w/
z /z/	é /e/	ñ /ɲ/	ẽ /ə̃/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /aː/	ai /ai/	au /au/
ch /t͡ʃ/	ii /iː/	ng /ŋ/
oo /oː/	sh /ʃ/	ty /t͡ɕ/
uu /uː/	zh /ʒ/	éé /eː/
ẽẽ /ə̃ː/

Diacritics

◌̃ /꜔/	◌̠̃ /꜔꜖/	◌̄ /꜒/	◌̄̃ /꜒꜔/
◌̠ /꜖/	◌̠̃ /꜖꜔/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Sal does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Sal does not have genders or noun classes.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Sal can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">t͡ɕu꜔꜖f</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">tuː꜖꜔s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r ai &#xA714; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">rai꜔ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p i &#xA714; p" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pi꜔p</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; a&#x2D0; &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/f/ + /ʃ/ > // + /f/
/s/ + /ʃ/ > // + /s/
/w/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/d/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /d/

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">t͡ɕu꜔꜖f</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">tuː꜖꜔s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r ai &#xA714; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">rai꜔ɲ</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p i &#xA714; p" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pi꜔p</word>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; a&#x2D0; &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716; f">t͡ɕu꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="f &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">fəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714; s">tuː꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r ai &#xA714; &#x272;">rai꜔ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p i &#xA714; p">pi꜔p</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; a&#x2D0; &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; d" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">dəd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716; f">t͡ɕu꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="f &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">fəs</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714; s">tuː꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r ai &#xA714; &#x272;">rai꜔ɲ</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p i &#xA714; p">pi꜔p</word>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; a&#x2D0; &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; d" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">dəd</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#xA714;&#xA716; f">t͡ɕu꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">fəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" underlying="t u&#x2D0; &#xA716;&#xA714; s">tuː꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">rai꜔ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">pi꜔p</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">dəd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕu꜔꜖f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tuː꜖꜔s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rai꜔ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pi꜔p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ləra꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡ʃəd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha꜖t͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ɕu꜔꜖fəs tuː꜖꜔səs t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ rai꜔ɲ pi꜔p t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ tələra꜖꜔dəd kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ</p>
+  <p>tyũ̠fes tuũ̠ses tyezhõ̠ty raĩñ pĩp tyaa̠ty telerã̠ded kel ha̠ch</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕu꜔꜖f</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tuː꜖꜔s</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rai꜔ɲ</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pi꜔p</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ləra꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡ʃəd</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha꜖t͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Tyũ̠fes tuũ̠ses tyezhõ̠ty raĩñ pĩp tyaa̠ty telerã̠ded kel ha̠ch.

[t͡ɕu꜔꜖fəs tuː꜖꜔səs t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ rai꜔ɲ pi꜔p t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ tələra꜖꜔dəd kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ]

t͡ɕu꜔꜖f
woman -ʃəs
sing tuː꜖꜔s
knife -ʃəs
sing t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ
COMIT rai꜔ɲ
yon pi꜔p
three t͡ɕaː꜖t͡ɕ
blind təw-
ACC ləra꜖꜔d
mouse -t͡ʃəd
plur kəl
PAST ha꜖t͡ʃ
catch

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Sal consists of first, an optional prefix expressing case, comprising tew- /təw-/ ‘ACC’, rezh- /rəʒ-/ ‘GEN’, ngesh- /ŋəʃ-/ ‘DAT’, wej- /wəj-/ ‘INS’, shen- /ʃən-/ ‘VOC’, nek- /nək-/ ‘ALL’, rety- /rət͡ɕ-/ ‘LOC’, meg- /məɡ-/ ‘ABL’ and ret- /rət-/ ‘PART’; second, the root; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -shes /-ʃəs/ ‘sing’ and -ched /-t͡ʃəd/ ‘plur’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -wesh /-wəʃ/ ‘little’ and -met /-mət/ ‘big’

The Adjective

The adjective in Sal stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Sal stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

The determiner in Sal stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Sal stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Sal, both subject and object pronouns are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜖ɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃa꜖ɡ</p>
+  <p>sha̠g</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜖ɡ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Sha̠g.

[ʃa꜖ɡ]

ʃa꜖ɡ
love

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;">ri꜖ŋ</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;">ri꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ri꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜖ɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ri꜖ŋ ʃa꜖ɡ</p>
+  <p>ri̠ng sha̠g</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ri꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜖ɡ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Ri̠ng sha̠g.

[ri꜖ŋ ʃa꜖ɡ]

ri꜖ŋ
3.sing ʃa꜖ɡ
love

“He loves her.”

(3)

And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;">ri꜖ŋ</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;">ri꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ri꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜖ɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ri꜖ŋ ʃa꜖ɡ</p>
+  <p>ri̠ng sha̠g</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ri꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜖ɡ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Ri̠ng sha̠g.

[ri꜖ŋ ʃa꜖ɡ]

ri꜖ŋ
3.sing ʃa꜖ɡ
love

“He loves her.”

(4)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Tanyog hates Chareb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tanyog" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">təɲoː꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chareb" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">t͡ʃəre꜔b</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s &#x259; k i &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">səki꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ɡ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ɡ/
/w/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/b/ + /ʃ/ > // + /b/

<example id="loveprop" translation="Tanyog hates Chareb.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tanyog" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">təɲoː꜖ɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chareb" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">t͡ʃəre꜔b</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tanyog" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x261;">təɲoː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x261; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ɡəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chareb" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714;" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714; b">t͡ʃəre꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s &#x259; k i &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">səki꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s &#x259; k i &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">səki꜔t͡ɕ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Tanyog hates Chareb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tanyog" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x261;">təɲoː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x261; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ɡəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chareb" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714;" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714; b">t͡ʃəre꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s &#x259; k i &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">səki꜔t͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tanyog" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" underlying="t &#x259; &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x261;">təɲoː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ɡəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chareb" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; r e &#xA714; b">t͡ʃəre꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">səki꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təɲoː꜖ɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Tanyog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃəre꜔b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Chareb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;səki꜔t͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>təɲoː꜖ɡəs tət͡ʃəre꜔bəs səki꜔t͡ɕ</p>
+  <p>Teñoo̠ges teCheré̃bes sekĩty</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>təɲoː꜖ɡ</o>
+      <g>Tanyog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃəre꜔b</o>
+      <g>Chareb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>səki꜔t͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

Teñoo̠ges teCheré̃bes sekĩty.

[təɲoː꜖ɡəs tət͡ʃəre꜔bəs səki꜔t͡ɕ]

təɲoː꜖ɡ
Tanyog -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC t͡ʃəre꜔b
Chareb -ʃəs
sing səki꜔t͡ɕ
hate

“Tanyog hates Chareb.”

(5)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃu꜖꜔s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʒ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/
/s/ + /ʃ/ > // + /s/
/l/ + /ʃ/ > // + /l/

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃu꜖꜔s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃu꜖꜔s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jəʒa꜖꜔l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>rəʃu꜖꜔səs jəʒa꜖꜔ləs</p>
+  <p>reshũ̠ses jezhã̠les</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃu꜖꜔s</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jəʒa꜖꜔l</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

reshũ̠ses jezhã̠les

[rəʃu꜖꜔səs jəʒa꜖꜔ləs]

rəʒ-
GEN ʃu꜖꜔s
boy -ʃəs
sing jəʒa꜖꜔l
apple -ʃəs
sing

“the boy’s apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/l/ + /ʃ/ > // + /l/

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;">ri꜖ŋ</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="r i &#xA716; &#x14B;">ri꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ri꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ri꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jəʒa꜖꜔l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ri꜖ŋ jəʒa꜖꜔ləs</p>
+  <p>ri̠ng jezhã̠les</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ri꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jəʒa꜖꜔l</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

ri̠ng jezhã̠les

[ri꜖ŋ jəʒa꜖꜔ləs]

ri꜖ŋ
3.sing jəʒa꜖꜔l
apple -ʃəs
sing

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/l/ + /ʃ/ > // + /l/

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zu꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jəʒa꜖꜔l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>zu꜔r jəʒa꜖꜔ləs</p>
+  <p>zũr jezhã̠les</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>zu꜔r</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jəʒa꜖꜔l</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

zũr jezhã̠les

[zu꜔r jəʒa꜖꜔ləs]

zu꜔r
1excl.sing jəʒa꜖꜔l
apple -ʃəs
sing

“my apple”

(8)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714; t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ɲa꜔t</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714; n" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">həni꜖꜔n</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">hə#꜔w</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x272;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʒ/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/
/t/ + /ʃ/ > // + /t/
/ʒ/ + /h/ > // + /h/
/n/ + /ʃ/ > // + /n/
/w/ + /h/ > // + /h/
/w/ + /ʃ/ > // + /w/

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714; t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ɲa꜔t</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pa꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714; n" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">həni꜖꜔n</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">hə#꜔w</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714;" underlying="&#x272; a &#xA714; t">ɲa꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714; n">həni꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="n &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">nəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714;" underlying="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w">hə#꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">wəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x272;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x272;">zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714;" underlying="&#x272; a &#xA714; t">ɲa꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;">pa꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714; n">həni꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="n &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">nəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714;" underlying="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w">hə#꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">wəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x272;">zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" underlying="&#x272; a &#xA714; t">ɲa꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" underlying="h &#x259; n i &#xA716;&#xA714; n">həni꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">nəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" underlying="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w">hə#꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">wəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bəŋa꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲa꜔t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pa꜒ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həni꜖꜔n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hə̃꜔w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>rəbəŋa꜖꜔dəs ɲa꜔təs pa꜒ʃ rəhəni꜖꜔nəs təhə̃꜔wəs kəl zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</p>
+  <p>rebengã̠des ñãtes pāsh rehenĩ̠nes tehẽ̃wes kel zezhõ̠ñ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bəŋa꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲa꜔t</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pa꜒ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>həni꜖꜔n</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hə̃꜔w</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

Rebengã̠des ñãtes pāsh rehenĩ̠nes tehẽ̃wes kel zezhõ̠ñ.

[rəbəŋa꜖꜔dəs ɲa꜔təs pa꜒ʃ rəhəni꜖꜔nəs təhə̃꜔wəs kəl zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ]

rəʒ-
GEN bəŋa꜖꜔d
hunter -ʃəs
sing ɲa꜔t
daughter -ʃəs
sing pa꜒ʃ
2.sing rəʒ-
GEN həni꜖꜔n
neighbour -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC hə̃꜔w
son -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST zəʒo꜔꜖ɲ
kiss

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(9)

Derivation

Sal has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">wəbi꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">wəbi꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712;" underlying="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;">wəbi꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712;" underlying="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;">wəbi꜒</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;">wəbi꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wəbi꜒ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>wəbi꜒ʃəs</p>
+  <p>webīshes</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>wəbi꜒ʃ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

webīshes

[wəbi꜒ʃəs]

wəbi꜒ʃ
lamb -ʃəs
sing

“a lamb”

(10)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">wəbi꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cmr V2 Cms">wəʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʃ/ + /w/ > // + /w/
/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">wəbi꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cmr V2 Cms">wəʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712;" underlying="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;">wəbi꜒</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259;" underlying="w &#x259; &#x283;">wə</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="w &#x259; b i &#xA712;" underlying="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;">wəbi꜒</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259;" underlying="w &#x259; &#x283;">wə</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="w &#x259; b i &#xA712; &#x283;">wəbi꜒</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" underlying="w &#x259; &#x283;">wə</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wəbi꜒ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-wəʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>wəbi꜒wəʃəs</p>
+  <p>webīweshes</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>wəbi꜒ʃ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-wəʃ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

webīweshes

[wəbi꜒wəʃəs]

wəbi꜒ʃ
lamb -wəʃ
little -ʃəs
sing

“a little lamb”

(11)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Sal fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing question, comprising let /lət/ ‘Q’; second, a clitic expressing voice, comprising lezh /ləʒ/ ‘passive’; third, a clitic expressing ta, comprising kel /kəl/ ‘PAST’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing mode, comprising ñeb /ɲəb/ ‘imperative’, ned /nəd/ ‘conditional’ and jes /jəs/ ‘optative’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing negation, comprising -̄̃el /-꜒꜔əl/ ‘NEG’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -weshe /-wəʃə/ ‘begin’ and -ngeme /-ŋəmə/ ‘stop’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜖ɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃa꜖ɡ</p>
+  <p>sha̠g</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜖ɡ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

Sha̠g.

[ʃa꜖ɡ]

ʃa꜖ɡ
love

“I love you.”

(12)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="m au &#xA714; p" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">mau꜔p</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="z o &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">zo꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x261; i &#xA712;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/p/ + /ʃ/ > // + /p/
/t͡ɕ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /t͡ɕ/

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="m au &#xA714; p" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">mau꜔p</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="z o &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">zo꜔t͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x261; i &#xA712;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="m au &#xA714;" underlying="m au &#xA714; p">mau꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="p &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">pəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="z o &#xA714;" underlying="z o &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">zo꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">t͡ɕəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x261; i &#xA712;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="m au &#xA714;" underlying="m au &#xA714; p">mau꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="p &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">pəs</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="z o &#xA714;" underlying="z o &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">zo꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">t͡ɕəs</thingy>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x261; i &#xA712;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="m au &#xA714; p">mau꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">pəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" underlying="z o &#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">zo꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">t͡ɕəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mau꜔p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zo꜔t͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>mau꜔pəs zo꜔t͡ɕəs ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</p>
+  <p>maũpes zõtyes gī̃ty</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>mau꜔p</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zo꜔t͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

maũpes zõtyes gī̃ty

[mau꜔pəs zo꜔t͡ɕəs ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ]

mau꜔p
table -ʃəs
sing zo꜔t͡ɕ
surface -ʃəs
sing ɡi꜒꜔t͡ɕ
in

“on the table”

(13)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712; r" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəɲə#ː꜒r</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="f u &#xA714;&#xA716; s+t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">fu꜔꜖st</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="j e &#xA716;" slots="Cir V1 T1">je꜖</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/r/ + /ʃ/ > // + /r/
/s+t/ + /ʃ/ > // + /s+t/

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712; r" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəɲə#ː꜒r</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="f u &#xA714;&#xA716; s+t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">fu꜔꜖st</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="j e &#xA716;" slots="Cir V1 T1">je꜖</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712; r">bəɲə#ː꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">rəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="f u &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="f u &#xA714;&#xA716; s+t">fu꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s+t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">stəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="j e &#xA716;">je꜖</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712; r">bəɲə#ː꜒</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">rəs</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="f u &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="f u &#xA714;&#xA716; s+t">fu꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s+t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">stəs</thingy>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="j e &#xA716;">je꜖</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="b &#x259; &#x272; &#x259;#&#x2D0; &#xA712; r">bəɲə#ː꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">rəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" underlying="f u &#xA714;&#xA716; s+t">fu꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">stəs</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">je꜖</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bəɲə̃ː꜒r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fu꜔꜖st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;je꜖&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>bəɲə̃ː꜒rəs fu꜔꜖stəs je꜖</p>
+  <p>beñẽẽ̄res fũ̠stes jé̠</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>bəɲə̃ː꜒r</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fu꜔꜖st</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>je꜖</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

beñẽẽ̄res fũ̠stes jé̠

[bəɲə̃ː꜒rəs fu꜔꜖stəs je꜖]

bəɲə̃ː꜒r
box -ʃəs
sing fu꜔꜖st
inside -ʃəs
sing je꜖
to

“into the box”

(14)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; &#x259; &#x292; o &#xA716;&#xA714; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zu꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>zu꜔r t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</p>
+  <p>zũr tyezhõ̠ty</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>zu꜔r</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

zũr tyezhõ̠ty

[zu꜔r t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ]

zu꜔r
1excl.sing t͡ɕəʒo꜖꜔t͡ɕ
COMIT

“with me”

(15)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Sal has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Sal.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ɡəŋi꜔꜖f</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/f/ + /ʃ/ > // + /f/
/w/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ɡəŋi꜔꜖f</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f">ɡəŋi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="f &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">fəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f">ɡəŋi꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="f &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">fəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f">ɡəŋi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">fəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡəŋi꜔꜖f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bəŋa꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi꜔꜖k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɡəŋi꜔꜖fəs təbəŋa꜖꜔dəs kəl ɡi꜔꜖k</p>
+  <p>gengĩ̠fes tebengã̠des kel gĩ̠k</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡəŋi꜔꜖f</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bəŋa꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi꜔꜖k</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

Gengĩ̠fes tebengã̠des kel gĩ̠k.

[ɡəŋi꜔꜖fəs təbəŋa꜖꜔dəs kəl ɡi꜔꜖k]

ɡəŋi꜔꜖f
jaguar -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC bəŋa꜖꜔d
hunter -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ɡi꜔꜖k
kill

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(16)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714; t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ɲa꜔t</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="&#x283; a &#xA712; t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃa꜒t</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ŋ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ŋ/
/ʒ/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/
/ʒ/ + /ɲ/ > // + /ɲ/
/t/ + /ʃ/ > // + /t/
/w/ + /ʃ/ > // + /w/
/t/ + /ʃ/ > // + /t/

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714; t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ɲa꜔t</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="&#x283; a &#xA712; t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃa꜒t</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;">ʃəsi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ŋəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714;" underlying="&#x272; a &#xA714; t">ɲa꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="w a &#xA712;" underlying="&#x283; a &#xA712; t">wa꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m">nə#꜔m</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;">ʃəsi꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ŋəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x272; a &#xA714;" underlying="&#x272; a &#xA714; t">ɲa꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="w a &#xA712;" underlying="&#x283; a &#xA712; t">wa꜒</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m">nə#꜔m</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;">ʃəsi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ŋəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" underlying="&#x272; a &#xA714; t">ɲa꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" underlying="&#x283; a &#xA712; t">wa꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">təs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">nə#꜔m</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bəŋa꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲa꜔t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜒t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə̃꜔m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋəs rəbəŋa꜖꜔dəs rəɲa꜔təs təwa꜒təs kəl nə̃꜔m</p>
+  <p>shesĩ̠nges rebengã̠des reñãtes tewātes kel nẽ̃m</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bəŋa꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲa꜔t</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜒t</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə̃꜔m</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

Shesĩ̠nges rebengã̠des reñãtes tewātes kel nẽ̃m.

[ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋəs rəbəŋa꜖꜔dəs rəɲa꜔təs təwa꜒təs kəl nə̃꜔m]

ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ
lion -ʃəs
sing rəʒ-
GEN bəŋa꜖꜔d
hunter -ʃəs
sing rəʒ-
GEN ɲa꜔t
daughter -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC ʃa꜒t
dog -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST nə̃꜔m
eat

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(17)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Sal reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Sal expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">hə#꜔w</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃə#꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="f a &#xA714;&#xA716; k" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">fa꜔꜖k</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʒ/ + /h/ > // + /h/
/w/ + /ʃ/ > // + /w/
/ʒ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/
/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/
/k/ + /ʃ/ > // + /k/

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pa꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">hə#꜔w</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259; &#x292;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">rəʒ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃə#꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714;" underlying="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w">hə#꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">wəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712;" underlying="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712; &#x283;">ʃə#꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="f a &#xA714;&#xA716; k" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">fa꜔꜖k</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="f a &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="f a &#xA714;&#xA716; k">fa꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="k &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">kəs</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;">pa꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="h &#x259;# &#xA714;" underlying="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w">hə#꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="w &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">wəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="r &#x259;" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712;" underlying="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712; &#x283;">ʃə#꜒</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="f a &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="f a &#xA714;&#xA716; k">fa꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="k &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">kəs</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" underlying="h &#x259;# &#xA714; w">hə#꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">wəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="r &#x259; &#x292;">rə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" underlying="&#x283; &#x259;# &#xA712; &#x283;">ʃə#꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" underlying="f a &#xA714;&#xA716; k">fa꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">kəs</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pa꜒ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hə̃꜔w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;rəʒ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃə̃꜒ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fa꜔꜖k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>pa꜒ʃ rəhə̃꜔wəs rəʃə̃꜒ʃəs fa꜔꜖kəs</p>
+  <p>pāsh rehẽ̃wes reshẽ̄shes fã̠kes</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>pa꜒ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hə̃꜔w</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>rəʒ-</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃə̃꜒ʃ</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fa꜔꜖k</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

pāsh rehẽ̃wes reshẽ̄shes fã̠kes

[pa꜒ʃ rəhə̃꜔wəs rəʃə̃꜒ʃəs fa꜔꜖kəs]

pa꜒ʃ
2.sing rəʒ-
GEN hə̃꜔w
son -ʃəs
sing rəʒ-
GEN ʃə̃꜒ʃ
friend -ʃəs
sing fa꜔꜖k
book -ʃəs
sing

“your son’s friend’s book”

(18)

Case Marking

Sal uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="b e&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">beː꜔꜖f</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="b e&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">beː꜔꜖f</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="b e&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; f">beː꜔꜖f</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="b e&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; f">beː꜔꜖f</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">beː꜔꜖f</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;beː꜔꜖f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>naː꜖ʃəs beː꜔꜖f</p>
+  <p>naa̠shes béé̠̃f</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>beː꜔꜖f</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Naa̠shes béé̠̃f.

[naː꜖ʃəs beː꜔꜖f]

naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing beː꜔꜖f
sleep

“The cat is sleeping.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="t u &#xA712; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tu꜒ɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="t u &#xA712; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tu꜒ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="t u &#xA712; &#x272;">tu꜒ɲ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="t u &#xA712; &#x272;">tu꜒ɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">tu꜒ɲ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tu꜒ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>naː꜖ʃəs tu꜒ɲ</p>
+  <p>naa̠shes tūñ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tu꜒ɲ</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

Naa̠shes tūñ.

[naː꜖ʃəs tu꜒ɲ]

naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing tu꜒ɲ
run

“The cat is running.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x272; &#x259; l a &#xA712; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɲəla꜒d</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/
/w/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x272; &#x259; l a &#xA712; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɲəla꜒d</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x272; &#x259; l a &#xA712; d">ɲəla꜒d</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x272; &#x259; l a &#xA712; d">ɲəla꜒d</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɲəla꜒d</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ləra꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲəla꜒d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>naː꜖ʃəs tələra꜖꜔dəs ɲəla꜒d</p>
+  <p>naa̠shes telerã̠des ñelād</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ləra꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲəla꜒d</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Naa̠shes telerã̠des ñelād.

[naː꜖ʃəs tələra꜖꜔dəs ɲəla꜒d]

naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC ləra꜖꜔d
mouse -ʃəs
sing ɲəla꜒d
chase

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(21)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/
/w/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ləra꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha꜖t͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>naː꜖ʃəs tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ</p>
+  <p>naa̠shes telerã̠des kel ha̠ch</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ləra꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha꜖t͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Naa̠shes telerã̠des kel ha̠ch.

[naː꜖ʃəs tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ]

naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC ləra꜖꜔d
mouse -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ha꜖t͡ʃ
catch

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(22)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ɡəŋi꜔꜖f</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">fəbi꜒꜔b</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/
/w/ + /ɡ/ > // + /w/
/f/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /f/
/w/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/b/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /b/
/w/ + /ʃ/ > // + /w/
/ŋ/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">bəŋa꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ɡəŋi꜔꜖f</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">fəbi꜒꜔b</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f">wəŋi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="f &#x259; d" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">fəd</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714;" underlying="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714; b">fəbi꜒꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; d" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">bəd</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;">wəsi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f">wəŋi꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="f &#x259; d" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">fəd</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714;" underlying="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714; b">fəbi꜒꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; d" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">bəd</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x272; ai &#xA716;&#xA714; r">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716;" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;">wəsi꜔꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="&#x261; i &#xA714;&#xA716; k">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="b &#x259; &#x14B; a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">bəŋa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" underlying="&#x261; &#x259; &#x14B; i &#xA714;&#xA716; f">wəŋi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">fəd</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" underlying="f &#x259; b i &#xA712;&#xA714; b">fəbi꜒꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="t&#x361;&#x283; &#x259; d">bəd</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɲai꜖꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s i &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x14B;">wəsi꜔꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">t͡ʃəd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">ɡi꜔꜖k</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bəŋa꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡəŋi꜔꜖f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡ʃəd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲai꜖꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fəbi꜒꜔b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡ʃəd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲai꜖꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-t͡ʃəd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi꜔꜖k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>bəŋa꜖꜔dəs təwəŋi꜔꜖fəd ɲai꜖꜔r təfəbi꜒꜔bəd ɲai꜖꜔r təwəsi꜔꜖t͡ʃəd kəl ɡi꜔꜖k</p>
+  <p>bengã̠des tewengĩ̠fed ñaĩ̠r tefebī̃bed ñaĩ̠r tewesĩ̠ched kel gĩ̠k</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>bəŋa꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡəŋi꜔꜖f</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡ʃəd</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲai꜖꜔r</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fəbi꜒꜔b</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡ʃəd</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲai꜖꜔r</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-t͡ʃəd</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi꜔꜖k</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Bengã̠des tewengĩ̠fed ñaĩ̠r tefebī̃bed ñaĩ̠r tewesĩ̠ched kel gĩ̠k.

[bəŋa꜖꜔dəs təwəŋi꜔꜖fəd ɲai꜖꜔r təfəbi꜒꜔bəd ɲai꜖꜔r təwəsi꜔꜖t͡ʃəd kəl ɡi꜔꜖k]

bəŋa꜖꜔d
hunter -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC ɡəŋi꜔꜖f
jaguar -t͡ʃəd
plur ɲai꜖꜔r
and təw-
ACC fəbi꜒꜔b
tiger -t͡ʃəd
plur ɲai꜖꜔r
and təw-
ACC ʃəsi꜔꜖ŋ
lion -t͡ʃəd
plur kəl
PAST ɡi꜔꜖k
kill

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(23)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Sal provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Sal forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/w/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡəʒoː꜒w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w</p>
+  <p>tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡəʒoː꜒w</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw.

[tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w]

təw-
ACC naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ɡəʒoː꜒w
pat

“I patted the cat.”

(24)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
    <subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
+        <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <subs>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-      </vp>
-    </subs>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/w/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/
/w/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ləra꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha꜖t͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡəʒoː꜒w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w</p>
+  <p>telerã̠des kel ha̠ch tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ləra꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha꜖t͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡəʒoː꜒w</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Telerã̠des kel ha̠ch tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw.

[tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w]

təw-
ACC ləra꜖꜔d
mouse -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ha꜖t͡ʃ
catch təw-
ACC naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ɡəʒoː꜒w
pat

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(25)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
-          </relp>
+          </subs>
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-      </relp>
        </np>
+      </subs>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
-        <np role="obj">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
          <subs>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
    <subs>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
-        </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <subs>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
+        <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <subs>
-      <subs>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-        </vp>
-      </subs>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-      </vp>
-    </subs>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">təbaː꜒꜔b</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/w/ + /t/ > // + /t/
/b/ + /ʃ/ > // + /b/
/w/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/
/w/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">təbaː꜒꜔b</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714;" underlying="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b">təbaː꜒꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m">nə#꜔m</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714;" underlying="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b">təbaː꜒꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m">nə#꜔m</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b">təbaː꜒꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təbaː꜒꜔b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə̃꜔m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ləra꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha꜖t͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡəʒoː꜒w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tətəbaː꜒꜔bəs kəl nə̃꜔m tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w</p>
+  <p>tetebaā̃bes kel nẽ̃m telerã̠des kel ha̠ch tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təbaː꜒꜔b</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə̃꜔m</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ləra꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha꜖t͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡəʒoː꜒w</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Tetebaā̃bes kel nẽ̃m telerã̠des kel ha̠ch tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw.

[tətəbaː꜒꜔bəs kəl nə̃꜔m tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w]

təw-
ACC təbaː꜒꜔b
cheese -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST nə̃꜔m
eat təw-
ACC ləra꜖꜔d
mouse -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ha꜖t͡ʃ
catch təw-
ACC naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ɡəʒoː꜒w
pat

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(26)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-            </np>
            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+              </subs>
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
-              </relp>
            </np>
-          </relp>
+          </subs>
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-      </relp>
        </np>
+      </subs>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np role="obj">
+              <np type="owner_owned">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                </np>
+                <np role="owner" number="sing">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-                </np>
                  </subs>
+                </np>
+              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-            </vp>
            <np role="obj">
              <np type="owner_owned">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
-        <np role="obj">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
          <subs>
-            <np role="obj">
+            <np role="obj" case="ACC">
              <np type="owner_owned">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
          <subs>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC">
              <np type="owner_owned">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np role="owner" number="sing">
+                <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-              <np type="owner_owned">
+            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+              <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
              <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
          <subs>
-            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
          <subs>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
          <subs>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                </np>
                <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
                  <subs>
                    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+                      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                    </vp>
                  </subs>
                </np>
              </np>
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
    <subs>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
-            <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
        <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
            <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
          </np>
          <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
            <subs>
              <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
                <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
          </np>
        </np>
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        </np>
-            </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
-        </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <subs>
-        <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <subs>
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
        <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+        <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <subs>
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
-          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-            </vp>
-          </subs>
-        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-        </vp>
-      </subs>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-      </vp>
-    </subs>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; n" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɲoː꜔꜖n</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">təbaː꜒꜔b</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/w/ + /t/ > // + /t/
/b/ + /ʃ/ > // + /b/
/w/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/d/ + /ʃ/ > // + /d/
/w/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/ʃ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ/

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; n" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɲoː꜔꜖n</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; n">ɲoː꜔꜖n</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">təbaː꜒꜔b</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714;" underlying="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b">təbaː꜒꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m">nə#꜔m</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">ləra꜖꜔d</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">naː꜖ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#x272; o&#x2D0; &#xA714;&#xA716; n">ɲoː꜔꜖n</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714;" underlying="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b">təbaː꜒꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="n &#x259;# &#xA714; m">nə#꜔m</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="h a &#xA716; t&#x361;&#x283;">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" ph="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716;" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x261; &#x259; &#x292; o&#x2D0; &#xA712; w">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">zu꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɲoː꜔꜖n</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" underlying="t &#x259; b a&#x2D0; &#xA712;&#xA714; b">təbaː꜒꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">bəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">nə#꜔m</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" underlying="l &#x259; r a &#xA716;&#xA714; d">ləra꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">dəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">ha꜖t͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="1excl" underlying="n a&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x283;">naː꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="1excl.sing">ɡəʒoː꜒w</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zu꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲoː꜔꜖n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təbaː꜒꜔b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nə̃꜔m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ləra꜖꜔d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha꜖t͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;naː꜖ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡəʒoː꜒w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>zu꜔r kəl ɲoː꜔꜖n tətəbaː꜒꜔bəs kəl nə̃꜔m tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w</p>
+  <p>zũr kel ñoõ̠n tetebaā̃bes kel nẽ̃m telerã̠des kel ha̠ch tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>zu꜔r</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲoː꜔꜖n</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təbaː꜒꜔b</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nə̃꜔m</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ləra꜖꜔d</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha꜖t͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>naː꜖ʃ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡəʒoː꜒w</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Zũr kel ñoõ̠n tetebaā̃bes kel nẽ̃m telerã̠des kel ha̠ch tenaa̠shes kel gezhoōw.

[zu꜔r kəl ɲoː꜔꜖n tətəbaː꜒꜔bəs kəl nə̃꜔m tələra꜖꜔dəs kəl ha꜖t͡ʃ tənaː꜖ʃəs kəl ɡəʒoː꜒w]

zu꜔r
1excl.sing kəl
PAST ɲoː꜔꜖n
buy təw-
ACC təbaː꜒꜔b
cheese -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST nə̃꜔m
eat təw-
ACC ləra꜖꜔d
mouse -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ha꜖t͡ʃ
catch təw-
ACC naː꜖ʃ
cat -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST ɡəʒoː꜒w
pat

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(27)

Complementation Strategies

Sal forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
        <subs>
          <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          </np>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
            <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
            <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
            <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          </vp>
        </subs>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-        </vp>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃu꜖꜔s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ŋəʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x292; e &#xA712; l" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʒe꜒l</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n u&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nuː꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ŋəʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">sət͡ʃa꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="b &#x259; h i &#xA712;&#xA714; r" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">bəhi꜒꜔r</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/s/ + /ʃ/ > // + /s/
/ʃ/ + /ʒ/ > // + /ʃ/
/l/ + /ʃ/ > // + /l/
/w/ + /j/ > // + /j/
/l/ + /ʃ/ > // + /l/
/ʃ/ + /s/ > // + /s/
/ŋ/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ŋ/

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃu꜖꜔s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ŋəʃ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x292; e &#xA712; l" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʒe꜒l</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259; w" slots="Cip V2 Cir">təw</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">jəʒa꜖꜔l</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259;" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x283; e &#xA712;" underlying="&#x292; e &#xA712; l">ʃe꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n u&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nuː꜖ŋ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n u&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x14B;">nuː꜖ŋ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ŋəʃ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x14B;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr">sət͡ʃa꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259;" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716;" underlying="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x14B;">sət͡ʃa꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ŋəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="b &#x259; h i &#xA712;&#xA714; r" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">bəhi꜒꜔r</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="b &#x259; h i &#xA712;&#xA714; r">bəhi꜒꜔r</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259;" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x283; e &#xA712;" underlying="&#x292; e &#xA712; l">ʃe꜒</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x259;" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="n u&#x2D0; &#xA716; &#x14B;">nuː꜖ŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259;" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716;" underlying="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x14B;">sət͡ʃa꜖</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ŋəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="b &#x259; h i &#xA712;&#xA714; r">bəhi꜒꜔r</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" underlying="&#x292; e &#xA712; l">ʃe꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="t &#x259; w">tə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="j &#x259; &#x292; a &#xA716;&#xA714; l">jəʒa꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">nuː꜖ŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" underlying="s &#x259; t&#x361;&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x14B;">sət͡ʃa꜖</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ŋəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">bəhi꜒꜔r</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃu꜖꜔s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋəʃ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʒe꜒l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təw-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jəʒa꜖꜔l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nuː꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋəʃ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sət͡ʃa꜖ŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bəhi꜒꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃu꜖꜔səs ŋəʃe꜒ləs təjəʒa꜖꜔ləs kəl nuː꜖ŋ ŋəsət͡ʃa꜖ŋəs kəl bəhi꜒꜔r</p>
+  <p>shũ̠ses ngeshé̄les tejezhã̠les kel nuu̠ng ngesecha̠nges kel behī̃r</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃu꜖꜔s</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋəʃ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʒe꜒l</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təw-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jəʒa꜖꜔l</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nuː꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋəʃ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sət͡ʃa꜖ŋ</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bəhi꜒꜔r</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Shũ̠ses ngeshé̄les tejezhã̠les kel nuu̠ng ngesecha̠nges kel behī̃r.

[ʃu꜖꜔səs ŋəʃe꜒ləs təjəʒa꜖꜔ləs kəl nuː꜖ŋ ŋəsət͡ʃa꜖ŋəs kəl bəhi꜒꜔r]

ʃu꜖꜔s
boy -ʃəs
sing ŋəʃ-
DAT ʒe꜒l
girl -ʃəs
sing təw-
ACC jəʒa꜖꜔l
apple -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST nuː꜖ŋ
give ŋəʃ-
DAT sət͡ʃa꜖ŋ
teacher -ʃəs
sing kəl
PAST bəhi꜒꜔r
surprise

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(28)

Quotes

Sal employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module RelN:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
          <subs>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
          <subs>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
      <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
        <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
        <subs>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
            <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
            <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
            <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          </vp>
        </subs>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
-      <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
        </vp>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" person="2">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-        </vp>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃu꜖꜔s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ŋəʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x292; e &#xA712; l" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʒe꜒l</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x292;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/s/ + /ʃ/ > // + /s/
/ʃ/ + /ʒ/ > // + /ʃ/
/l/ + /ʃ/ > // + /l/

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʃu꜖꜔s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ŋəʃ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x292; e &#xA712; l" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr">ʒe꜒l</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; &#x259; s" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ʃəs</thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="z u &#xA714; r" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zu꜔r</word>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259;" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x283; e &#xA712;" underlying="&#x292; e &#xA712; l">ʃe꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;">pa꜒ʃ</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kəl</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x292;" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x292;">ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714;" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x14B; &#x259;" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="&#x283; e &#xA712;" underlying="&#x292; e &#xA712; l">ʃe꜒</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x259; s" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="z u &#xA714; r">zu꜔r</word>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="p a &#xA712; &#x283;">pa꜒ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA716; &#x261;">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k &#x259; l">kəl</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x283; a &#xA714;&#xA716; &#x292;">ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="T1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="&#x283; u &#xA716;&#xA714; s">ʃu꜖꜔</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">səs</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" underlying="&#x14B; &#x259; &#x283;">ŋə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" underlying="&#x292; e &#xA712; l">ʃe꜒</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="&#x283; &#x259; s">ləs</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC">zu꜔r</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">pa꜒ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">ʃa꜖ɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">kəl</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃu꜖꜔s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋəʃ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʒe꜒l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zu꜔r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pa꜒ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜖ɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kəl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃa꜔꜖ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃu꜖꜔səs ŋəʃe꜒ləs zu꜔r pa꜒ʃ ʃa꜖ɡ kəl ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</p>
+  <p>shũ̠ses ngeshé̄les zũr pāsh sha̠g kel shã̠zh</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃu꜖꜔s</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋəʃ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʒe꜒l</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃəs</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zu꜔r</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pa꜒ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜖ɡ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kəl</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃa꜔꜖ʒ</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 29.

Shũ̠ses ngeshé̄les zũr pāsh sha̠g kel shã̠zh.

[ʃu꜖꜔səs ŋəʃe꜒ləs zu꜔r pa꜒ʃ ʃa꜖ɡ kəl ʃa꜔꜖ʒ]

ʃu꜖꜔s
boy -ʃəs
sing ŋəʃ-
DAT ʒe꜒l
girl -ʃəs
sing zu꜔r
1excl.sing pa꜒ʃ
2.sing ʃa꜖ɡ
love kəl
PAST ʃa꜔꜖ʒ
tell

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(29)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Sal. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 5 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5L2NP

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-5L2NP,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Sal}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5L2NP}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 5 October 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Sal / Sal–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5L2NP

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

Language creation took 0.11 seconds; writing the grammar 0.06 seconds.