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A Grammar of Noeb

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Noeb language (the 1876th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Noeb.

Typological Profile

It has postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Noeb has 22 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has a highly elaborate approximant system, a maximally contrastive voicing system, a strongly reduced sibilant system and a notably rich liquid inventory.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Noeb. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labialalveolarpostalveolarlateralpalatalvelarglottal
stopp b d t k ɡ
nasalm n ɲ ŋ
trill/tap/flapɾ
fricativef s z h
approximantʋ l j
affricatet͡ʃ

Vowels

Noeb has 10 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness, a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables and front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin).

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Noeb. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

front unroundedfront roundedback unroundedback
closei y u
mide ø o
openæ ɑ

Stress and Tones

Noeb has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /u/ becomes /y/, /o/ becomes /ø/.

Writing System

Introduction

Noeb is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /ɑ/b /b/d /d/e /e/
f /f/g /ɡ/h /h/i /i/
j /j/k /k/l /l/m /m/
n /n/o /o/p /p/r /ɾ/
s /s/t /t/u /u/w /ʋ/
y /y/z /z/ä /æ/ñ /ɲ/
ö /ø/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /ɑː/ai /ai/au /au/
ch /t͡ʃ/ee /eː/ii /iː/
ng /ŋ/oo /oː/rr /r/
uu /uː/ww /w/yy /yː/
ää /æː/öö /øː/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Noeb does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Noeb does not have genders or noun classes.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Noeb can be exemplified by the following example:

Keech pyfooch keech gööñooch wwilän wwyl chiz tyf kop kung peeröökafoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈpyfoːt͡ʃ ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈɡøːɲoːt͡ʃ wiˈlæn ˈwyl t͡ʃiz ˈtyf ˈkop ˈkuŋ peːˈɾøːkɑfoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈpyf
woman -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈɡøːɲ
knife -oːt͡ʃ
NOM wiˈlæn
COMIT ˈwyl
catch t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈty
yon -f
ACC ˈkop
three ˈkuŋ
blind peːˈɾøːk
mouse -ɑf
plur -oːɡ
ACC

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

 (1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Noeb consists of first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -af /-ɑf/ ‘plur’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -ooch /-oːt͡ʃ/ ‘NOM’, -oog /-oːɡ/ ‘ACC’, -uu /-uː/ ‘GEN’, -eeng /-eːŋ/ ‘DAT’, -oorr /-oːr/ ‘INS’, -eek /-eːk/ ‘VOC’, -ääj /-æːj/ ‘ALL’, -i /-i/ ‘LOC’, -ääww /-æːw/ ‘ABL’ and -iif /-iːf/ ‘PART’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 11 suffixes, namely -ag /-ɑɡ/ ‘little’, -ud /-ud/ ‘big’, -ooñ /-oːɲ/ ‘old’, -äär /-æːɾ/ ‘new’, -äd /-æd/ ‘good’, -ong /-oŋ/ ‘bad’, -iingää /-iːŋæː/ ‘have’, -iizu /-iːzu/ ‘use’, -ichä /-it͡ʃæ/ ‘see’, -erra /-erɑ/ ‘make’ and -ofo /-ofo/ ‘break’

The Adjective

The adjective in Noeb stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Noeb stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Noeb, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -ch /-t͡ʃ/ ‘NOM’, -f /-f/ ‘ACC’, -k /-k/ ‘GEN’, -t /-t/ ‘DAT’, -m /-m/ ‘INS’, -h /-h/ ‘VOC’, -j /-j/ ‘ALL’, -b /-b/ ‘LOC’, -d /-d/ ‘ABL’ and -n /-n/ ‘PART’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Noeb stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Noeb, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

Juub cherr.

[ˈjuːb ˈt͡ʃer]

ˈjuːb
love ˈt͡ʃer
3.sing

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

 (2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

Cherr juub cherr.

[ˈt͡ʃer ˈjuːb ˈt͡ʃer]

ˈt͡ʃer
3.sing ˈjuːb
love ˈt͡ʃer
3.sing

“He loves her.”

 (3)

Proper Nouns

Keech Rrozedooch näärrut keef Kaangiifoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ roˈzedoːt͡ʃ næːˈrut ˈkeːf kɑːˈŋiːfoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM roˈzed
Rozed -oːt͡ʃ
NOM næːˈrut
hate ˈkeː
the -f
ACC kɑːˈŋiːf
Kangif -oːɡ
ACC

“Rozed hates Kangif.”

 (4)

Possession

keek kömuu keech näärrurooch

[ˈkeːk ˈkømuː ˈkeːt͡ʃ næːˈruɾoːt͡ʃ]

ˈkeː
the -k
GEN ˈkøm
boy -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM næːˈruɾ
apple -oːt͡ʃ
NOM

“the boy’s apple”

 (5)
cherr keech näärrurooch

[ˈt͡ʃer ˈkeːt͡ʃ næːˈruɾoːt͡ʃ]

ˈt͡ʃer
3.sing ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM næːˈruɾ
apple -oːt͡ʃ
NOM

“his (the boy’s) apple”

 (6)
ngyl keech näärrurooch

[ˈŋyl ˈkeːt͡ʃ næːˈruɾoːt͡ʃ]

ˈŋyl
1excl.sing ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM næːˈruɾ
apple -oːt͡ʃ
NOM

“my apple”

 (7)
Keek kitinuu keech biwwooch buuche chiz nääk keek sulawwuu keef zuñoog.

[ˈkeːk kiˈtinuː ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈbiwoːt͡ʃ buːˈt͡ʃe t͡ʃiz ˈnæːk ˈkeːk suˈlɑwuː ˈkeːf ˈzuɲoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -k
GEN kiˈtin
hunter -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈbiw
daughter -oːt͡ʃ
NOM buːˈt͡ʃe
kiss t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈnæːk
2.sing ˈkeː
the -k
GEN suˈlɑw
neighbour -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -f
ACC ˈzuɲ
son -oːɡ
ACC

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

 (8)

Derivation

sääñirrooch

[sæːˈɲiroːt͡ʃ]

sæːˈɲir
lamb -oːt͡ʃ
NOM

“a lamb”

 (9)
sääñirragooch

[sæːˈɲirɑɡoːt͡ʃ]

sæːˈɲir
lamb -ɑɡ
little -oːt͡ʃ
NOM

“a little lamb”

 (10)
Sääñirragiingää chiz.

[sæːˈɲirɑɡiːŋæː t͡ʃiz]

sæːˈɲir
lamb -ɑɡ
little -iːŋæː
have t͡ʃiz
PAST

“She had a little lamb.”

 (11)

This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:

Juub chiz tiit sääñirroog.

[ˈjuːb t͡ʃiz ˈtiːt sæːˈɲiroːɡ]

ˈjuːb
love t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈtiːt
black sæːˈɲir
lamb -oːɡ
ACC

“She loved a black lamb.”

 (12)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Noeb are enclitics (placed finally), and there are five types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising chiz /t͡ʃiz/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising hach /hɑt͡ʃ/ ‘imperative’, hang /hɑŋ/ ‘conditional’ and faa /fɑː/ ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising pub /pub/ ‘passive’; fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising den /den/ ‘NEG’; and finally, fifth, a clitic expressing question, comprising sis /sis/ ‘Q’.

The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five suffixes, namely -ge /-ɡe/ ‘begin’, -wi /-ʋi/ ‘stop’, -pa /-pɑ/ ‘continue’, -fii /-fiː/ ‘try’ and -wii /-ʋiː/ ‘start’

Juub nääk.

[ˈjuːb ˈnæːk]

ˈjuːb
love ˈnæːk
2.sing

“I love you.”

 (13)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

keech ngäñooch byywwooch ñoj

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈŋæɲoːt͡ʃ ˈbyːwoːt͡ʃ ˈɲoj]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈŋæɲ
table -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈbyːw
surface -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈɲoj
in

“on the table”

 (14)
keech gääwwäpooch ngofooch köf

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ɡæːˈwæpoːt͡ʃ ˈŋofoːt͡ʃ ˈkøf]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ɡæːˈwæp
box -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈŋof
inside -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈkøf
to

“into the box”

 (15)
ngyl wwilän

[ˈŋyl wiˈlæn]

ˈŋyl
1excl.sing wiˈlæn
COMIT

“with me”

 (16)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Noeb employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Noeb.

Keech biiderrooch fiil chiz keef kitinoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ biːˈderoːt͡ʃ ˈfiːl t͡ʃiz ˈkeːf kiˈtinoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM biːˈder
jaguar -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈfiːl
kill t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -f
ACC kiˈtin
hunter -oːɡ
ACC

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

 (17)
Keech kinailooch ngöp chiz keek kitinuu keek biwwuu keef wwöfoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ kiˈnailoːt͡ʃ ˈŋøp t͡ʃiz ˈkeːk kiˈtinuː ˈkeːk ˈbiwuː ˈkeːf ˈwøfoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM kiˈnail
lion -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈŋøp
eat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -k
GEN kiˈtin
hunter -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -k
GEN ˈbiw
daughter -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -f
ACC ˈwøf
dog -oːɡ
ACC

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

 (18)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Noeb reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Noeb expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

nääk keek zuñuu keek niiruu keech chauñooch

[ˈnæːk ˈkeːk ˈzuɲuː ˈkeːk ˈniːɾuː ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈt͡ʃauɲoːt͡ʃ]

ˈnæːk
2.sing ˈkeː
the -k
GEN ˈzuɲ
son -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -k
GEN ˈniːɾ
friend -uː
GEN ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈt͡ʃauɲ
book -oːt͡ʃ
NOM

“your son’s friend’s book”

 (19)

Case Marking

Noeb uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

Keech fywwooch hös.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ ˈhøs]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈhøs
sleep

“The cat is sleeping.”

 (20)
Keech fywwooch löb.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ ˈløb]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈløb
run

“The cat is running.”

 (21)
Keech fywwooch kehoong keef peeröökoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ keˈhoːŋ ˈkeːf peːˈɾøːkoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM keˈhoːŋ
chase ˈkeː
the -f
ACC peːˈɾøːk
mouse -oːɡ
ACC

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

 (22)
Keech fywwooch wwyl chiz keef peeröökoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ ˈwyl t͡ʃiz ˈkeːf peːˈɾøːkoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈwyl
catch t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -f
ACC peːˈɾøːk
mouse -oːɡ
ACC

“The cat caught the mouse.”

 (23)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

Keech kitinooch fiil chiz keef biiderrafoog mäl keef biirrookafoog mäl keef kinailafoog.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ kiˈtinoːt͡ʃ ˈfiːl t͡ʃiz ˈkeːf biːˈderɑfoːɡ ˈmæl ˈkeːf biːˈroːkɑfoːɡ ˈmæl ˈkeːf kiˈnailɑfoːɡ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM kiˈtin
hunter -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈfiːl
kill t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -f
ACC biːˈder
jaguar -ɑf
plur -oːɡ
ACC ˈmæl
and ˈkeː
the -f
ACC biːˈroːk
tiger -ɑf
plur -oːɡ
ACC ˈmæl
and ˈkeː
the -f
ACC kiˈnail
lion -ɑf
plur -oːɡ
ACC

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

 (24)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Noeb provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Noeb forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

Falöd chiz keef fywwoog.

[fɑˈlød t͡ʃiz ˈkeːf ˈfywoːɡ]

fɑˈlød
pat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -f
ACC ˈfyw
cat -oːɡ
ACC

“I patted the cat.”

 (25)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

Falöd chiz keech fywwooch, lat wwyl chiz keef peeröökoog.

[fɑˈlød t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ, ˈlɑt ˈwyl t͡ʃiz ˈkeːf peːˈɾøːkoːɡ]

fɑˈlød
pat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈlɑt
RELPRON ˈwyl
catch t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -f
ACC peːˈɾøːk
mouse -oːɡ
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

 (26)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

Falöd chiz keech fywwooch, lat wwyl chiz keech peeröökooch, lat ngöp chiz keef dutajoog.

[fɑˈlød t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ, ˈlɑt ˈwyl t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt͡ʃ peːˈɾøːkoːt͡ʃ, ˈlɑt ˈŋøp t͡ʃiz ˈkeːf duˈtɑjoːɡ]

fɑˈlød
pat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈlɑt
RELPRON ˈwyl
catch t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM peːˈɾøːk
mouse -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈlɑt
RELPRON ˈŋøp
eat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -f
ACC duˈtɑj
cheese -oːɡ
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

 (27)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

Falöd chiz keech fywwooch, lat wwyl chiz keech peeröökooch, lat ngöp chiz keech dutajooch, lat ñym chiz ngyl.

[fɑˈlød t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈfywoːt͡ʃ, ˈlɑt ˈwyl t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt͡ʃ peːˈɾøːkoːt͡ʃ, ˈlɑt ˈŋøp t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt͡ʃ duˈtɑjoːt͡ʃ, ˈlɑt ˈɲym t͡ʃiz ˈŋyl]

fɑˈlød
pat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈfyw
cat -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈlɑt
RELPRON ˈwyl
catch t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM peːˈɾøːk
mouse -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈlɑt
RELPRON ˈŋøp
eat t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM duˈtɑj
cheese -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈlɑt
RELPRON ˈɲym
buy t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈŋyl
1excl.sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

 (28)

Complementation Strategies

Noeb introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

Keech kömooch wwiz chiz keet niseeng näärruroog giporr berrep chiz keet kiditeeng.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈkømoːt͡ʃ ˈwiz t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt ˈniseːŋ næːˈruɾoːɡ ɡiˈpor beˈrep t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt kiˈditeːŋ]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈkøm
boy -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈwiz
give t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t
DAT ˈnis
girl -eːŋ
DAT næːˈruɾ
apple -oːɡ
ACC ɡiˈpor
COMP beˈrep
surprise t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t
DAT kiˈdit
teacher -eːŋ
DAT

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

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Quotes

Noeb expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Keech kömooch kem chiz keet niseeng ngyl juub nääk giporr.

[ˈkeːt͡ʃ ˈkømoːt͡ʃ ˈkem t͡ʃiz ˈkeːt ˈniseːŋ ˈŋyl ˈjuːb ˈnæːk ɡiˈpor]

ˈkeː
the -t͡ʃ
NOM ˈkøm
boy -oːt͡ʃ
NOM ˈkem
tell t͡ʃiz
PAST ˈkeː
the -t
DAT ˈnis
girl -eːŋ
DAT ˈŋyl
1excl.sing ˈjuːb
love ˈnæːk
2.sing ɡiˈpor
COMP

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

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How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Noeb. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 15 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/63LN0

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-63LN0,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Noeb}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/63LN0}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 15 October 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Noeb / Noeb–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/63LN0

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