A Grammar of Klag
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Klag language (the 1207th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Klag.
Typological Profile
It has a full set of ejective articulations, the VSO basic order, common globally but unusual in many families and postpositions.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Klag has an astonishing 130 consonant phonemes, exceeding any consonant system known to the author. The inventory is remarkably extensive.
It has an exceptionally large and contrastive set of fricatives, an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory, a highly developed aspirated consonant series, an extensively developed liquid system and a full set of ejective articulations.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Klag. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | dental | lab. dental | phar. dental | alveolar | lab. alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | alveolo-palatal | lateral | palatal | retroflex | velar | lab. velar | uvular | lab. uvular | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | dʷ tʷ | dˤ tˤ | ɖ ʈ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |||||||
| aspirated stop | pʰ | tʰ | tʰʷ | tʰˤ | ʈʰ | kʰ | kʰʷ | ||||||||||
| preaspirated stop | hp | ht | htʷ | htˤ | hʈ | hk | hkʷ | ||||||||||
| ejective stop | pʼ | tʼ | tʷʼ | tˤʼ | ʈʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||||||||
| nasal | m m̥ | n n̥ | nʷ n̥ʷ | nˤ n̥ˤ | ɲ | ɳ ɳ̥ | ŋ ŋ̥ | ŋʷ ŋ̥ʷ | |||||||||
| trill/tap/flap | r̥ ɾ | r̥ʷ ɾʷ | r̥ˤ ɾˤ | ɽ | |||||||||||||
| fricative | ɸ | θ | θʷ | θˤ | s | sʷ | sˤ | ʃ | ɕ ʑ | ɬ | ʂ | x | xʷ | h | |||
| affricate | t͡s | t͡sʷ | t͡sˤ | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ | ||||||||||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ɗʷ | ɗˤ | ᶑ | ʄ | ɠ | ɠʷ | |||||||||
| click | ᵏǀ ᵏǀʰ | ᵏǀʷ ᵏǀʰʷ | ᵏǀˤ ᵏǀʰˤ | ᵏǃ ᵏǃʰ | ᵏǃʷ ᵏǃʰʷ | ᵏǃˤ ᵏǃʰˤ | ᵏǁ ᵏǁʰ | ||||||||||
| ejective click | ᵏǀʼ | ᵏǀʷʼ | ᵏǀˤʼ | ᵏǃʼ | ᵏǃʷʼ | ᵏǃˤʼ | ᵏǁʼ | ||||||||||
| click, nasal | ᵑǀ | ᵑǀʷ | ᵑǀˤ | ᵑǃ | ᵑǃʷ | ᵑǃˤ | ᵑǁ | ||||||||||
| ejective click, nasal | ᵑǀʼ | ᵑǀʷʼ | ᵑǀˤʼ | ᵑǃʼ | ᵑǃʷʼ | ᵑǃˤʼ | ᵑǁʼ |
Vowels
Klag has more than 14 vowel qualities. This constitutes an exceptionally rich vowel inventory, with numerous distinct categories represented in the chart.
It has a fully developed system of nasal vowels matching the oral height distinctions, a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a regular pattern of underlying ghost nuclei that often delete, a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness and an unusually fine-grained height system distinguishing four levels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Klag. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | back | |
|---|---|---|
| close | i ĩ | u ũ |
| mid | e ẽ | o õ |
| open-mid | ɛ ɛ̃ | ɔ ɔ̃ |
| open | æ æ̃ | ɑ ɑ̃ |
Stress and Tones
Klag has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /i#/, /u/ becomes /u#/, /e/ becomes /e#/, /o/ becomes /o#/, /ɛ/ becomes /ɛ#/, /ɔ/ becomes /ɔ#/, /æ/ becomes /æ#/, /ɑ/ becomes /ɑ#/.
Writing System
Introduction
Klag is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /ɑ/ | a’ /ɑ̰/ | b /b/ | c /ᵏǀ/ |
| c̣ /ᵏǀˤ/ | d /d/ | ḍ /dˤ/ | e /e/ |
| e’ /ḛ/ | f /f/ | g /ɡ/ | h /h/ |
| i /i/ | i’ /ḭ/ | k /k/ | m /m/ |
| n /n/ | ṇ /nˤ/ | o /ɔ/ | o’ /ɔ̰/ |
| p /p/ | q /q/ | r /ɾ/ | ṛ /ɾˤ/ |
| r̥ /r̥/ | r̥̣ /r̥ˤ/ | s /s/ | ṣ /sˤ/ |
| t /t/ | ṭ /tˤ/ | u /u/ | u’ /ṵ/ |
| x /ᵏǁ/ | z /θ/ | ẓ /θˤ/ | ä /æ/ |
| ä’ /æ̰/ | æ /ɛ/ | æ’ /ɛ̰/ | ñ /ɲ/ |
| ó /o/ | ó’ /o̰/ | ŋ̥ /ŋ̥/ | ŕ /r/ |
| ṛ́ /rˤ/ | ɕ /ɕ/ | ɳ̥ /ɳ̥/ | ɸ /ɸ/ |
| ʑ /ʑ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| aa /ɑː/ | an /ɑ̃/ | anan /ɑ̃ː/ |
| an’ /ɑ̰̃/ | bb /ɓ/ | bp /pʼ/ |
| ch /ᵏǀʰ/ | chw /ᵏǀʰʷ/ | cḥ /ᵏǀʰˤ/ |
| cw /ᵏǀʷ/ | dd /ɗ/ | ddw /ɗʷ/ |
| dḍ /ɗˤ/ | dt /tʼ/ | dtw /tʼʷ/ |
| dṭ /tʼˤ/ | dw /dʷ/ | ee /eː/ |
| en /ẽ/ | enen /ẽː/ | en’ /ḛ̃/ |
| gg /ɠ/ | ggw /ɠʷ/ | gk /kʼ/ |
| gq /qʼ/ | gqu /kʼʷ/ | gqw /qʼʷ/ |
| gw /ɡʷ/ | hk /hk/ | hkw /hkʷ/ |
| hl /ɬ/ | hm /m̥/ | hp /hp/ |
| ht /ht/ | htw /htʷ/ | hṭ /htˤ/ |
| hʈ /hʈ/ | ii /iː/ | in /ĩ/ |
| inin /ĩː/ | in’ /ḭ̃/ | jj /ʄ/ |
| kh /kʰ/ | khw /xʷ/ | nc /ᵑǀ/ |
| ncw /ᵑǀʷ/ | nc̣ /ᵑǀˤ/ | ng /ŋ/ |
| ngw /ŋʷ/ | nh /n̥/ | nhw /n̥ʷ/ |
| nḥ /n̥ˤ/ | nq /ᵑǃ/ | nqw /ᵑǃʷ/ |
| nq̣ /ᵑǃˤ/ | nw /nʷ/ | nx /ᵑǁ/ |
| on /ɔ̃/ | onon /ɔ̃ː/ | on’ /ɔ̰̃/ |
| oo /ɔː/ | ph /pʰ/ | qh /ᵏǃʰ/ |
| qhw /ᵏǃʰʷ/ | qḥ /ᵏǃʰˤ/ | qu /kʷ/ |
| quh /kʰʷ/ | qw /qʷ/ | rd /ɖ/ |
| rdd /ᶑ/ | rn /ɳ/ | rr /ɽ/ |
| rs /ʂ/ | rt /ʈ/ | rth /ʈʰ/ |
| rw /ɾʷ/ | r̥w /r̥ʷ/ | sh /ʃ/ |
| sw /sʷ/ | th /tʰ/ | thw /tʰʷ/ |
| tḥ /tʰˤ/ | tw /tʷ/ | tx /t͡ʃ/ |
| ty /t͡ɕ/ | tz /t͡s/ | tzw /t͡sʷ/ |
| tẓ /t͡sˤ/ | un /ũ/ | unun /ũː/ |
| un’ /ṵ̃/ | uu /uː/ | xh /ᵏǁʰ/ |
| xx /x/ | zw /θʷ/ | än /æ̃/ |
| änän /æ̃ː/ | än’ /æ̰̃/ | ää /æː/ |
| æn /ɛ̃/ | ænæn /ɛ̃ː/ | æn’ /ɛ̰̃/ |
| ææ /ɛː/ | ón /õ/ | ónón /õː/ |
| ón’ /õ̰/ | óó /oː/ | ŋ̥w /ŋ̥ʷ/ |
| ŕw /rʷ/ | ʈʼ /ʈʼ/ | ᵏǀʼ /ᵏǀʼ/ |
| ᵏǀʼw /ᵏǀʼʷ/ | ᵏǀʼ̣ /ᵏǀʼˤ/ | ᵏǁʼ /ᵏǁʼ/ |
| ᵏǃ /ᵏǃ/ | ᵏǃw /ᵏǃʷ/ | ᵏǃʼ /ᵏǃʼ/ |
| ᵏǃʼw /ᵏǃʼʷ/ | ᵏǃʼ̣ /ᵏǃʼˤ/ | ᵏǃ̣ /ᵏǃˤ/ |
| ᵑǀʼ /ᵑǀʼ/ | ᵑǀʼw /ᵑǀʼʷ/ | ᵑǀʼ̣ /ᵑǀʼˤ/ |
| ᵑǁʼ /ᵑǁʼ/ | ᵑǃʼ /ᵑǃʼ/ | ᵑǃʼw /ᵑǃʼʷ/ |
| ᵑǃʼ̣ /ᵑǃʼˤ/ | ’ /ʔ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Klag does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Klag does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Klag can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q i#̰ ˈ dʷ">qi#̰ˈdʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʼ u ˈ n">kʼuˈn</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ᵏǀʼ u ɕ+htˤ i ˈ ɕ+qʼ">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="tʰ o ˈ ʃ+tˤ">tʰoˈʃtˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ᵏǃ o ˈ t͡sʷ">ᵏǃoˈt͡sʷ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="s+htʷ eː ˈ ʂ">shtʷeːˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q i#̰ ˈ dʷ">qi#̰ˈdʷ</word>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q i##̰ ˈ dʷ" underlying="q i#̰ ˈ dʷ">qi##̰ˈdʷ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʼ u ˈ n">kʼuˈn</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ᵏǀʼ u ɕ+htˤ i ˈ ɕ+qʼ">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="tʰ o ˈ ʃ+tˤ">tʰoˈʃtˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ᵏǃ o ˈ t͡sʷ">ᵏǃoˈt͡sʷ</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="s+htʷ eː ˈ ʂ">shtʷeːˈʂ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q i##̰ ˈ dʷ" underlying="q i#̰ ˈ dʷ">qi##̰ˈdʷ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʼ u ˈ n">kʼuˈn</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ᵏǀʼ u ɕ+htˤ i ˈ ɕ+qʼ">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="tʰ o ˈ ʃ+tˤ">tʰoˈʃtˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ᵏǃ o ˈ t͡sʷ">ᵏǃoˈt͡sʷ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="s+htʷ eː ˈ ʂ">shtʷeːˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="q i#̰ ˈ dʷ">qi##̰ˈdʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">kʼuˈn</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">tʰoˈʃtˤ</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">ᵏǃoˈt͡sʷ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">shtʷeːˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːsˤʈ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈqḭ̃dʷ</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼun</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtʰoʃtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǃot͡sʷ</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈshtʷeːʂ</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈqḭ̃̃dʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈkʼun ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈtʰoʃtˤ ˈᵏǃot͡sʷ ˈshtʷeːʂ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭuuṣrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ qin#̰dw rshṭæn#ːdḍ gkun ᵏǀʼuɕhṭiɕgq sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ thóshṭ ᵏǃótzw shtweers khä’nḥiṛ́ qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuːsˤʈ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈqḭ̃dʷ</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkʼun</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtʰoʃtˤ</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǃot͡sʷ</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈshtʷeːʂ</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭuuṣrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ qin#̰dw rshṭæn#ːdḍ gkun ᵏǀʼuɕhṭiɕgq sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ thóshṭ ᵏǃótzw shtweers khä’nḥiṛ́ qḥent. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈqḭ̃̃dʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈkʼun ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈtʰoʃtˤ ˈᵏǃot͡sʷ ˈshtʷeːʂ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈuːsˤʈ catch ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈqḭ̃dʷ woman ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈkʼun knife ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ COMIT stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈtʰoʃtˤ blind ˈᵏǃot͡sʷ yon ˈshtʷeːʂ three kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ mouse ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
All nominal phrase clitics in Klag are enclitics (placed finally), and there are two types: a clitic expressing possessor, comprising r̥tẓ /r̥ᵊt͡sˤ/ ‘1incl’, htihl /htiɬ/ ‘1excl’, ṣgkeʑgqu /sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ/ ‘2’ and qḥent /ᵏǃʰˤe#t/ ‘3’ followed by a clitic expressing case, comprising sdtweʈʼ /stʼʷeʈʼ/ ‘ACT’, shhʈiqw /ʃhʈiqʷ/ ‘GEN’, qhwe’sʈʼ /ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ/ ‘DAT’, ggóɕ /ɠoɕ/ ‘INS’, jjääṭ /ʄæːtˤ/ ‘VOC’, rthäätw /ʈʰæːtʷ/ ‘ALL’, ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw /ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ/ ‘LOC’, nq̣äggw /ᵑǃˤæɠʷ/ ‘ABL’ and tyub /t͡ɕub/ ‘PART’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Klag.
The Noun
The noun in Klag stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
The Adjective
The adjective in Klag stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Klag stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Klag stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Klag stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Klag always includes the personal pronouns, even if they are not stressed. This is similar to English, where the only way to distinguish "he loves her" from "he loves her" and "he loves her" is the stress. So the following corresponds exactly to English in this regard:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">ɛːˈkʼ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɛːkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈqɔ̃rˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈqɔ̃rˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span></p> + <p>ˈsʷtˤɛːkʼ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ</p> + <p>swṭæægk qon#ṛ́ sdtweʈʼ qon#ṛ́</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɛːkʼ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈqɔ̃rˤ</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈqɔ̃rˤ</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swṭæægk qon#ṛ́ sdtweʈʼ qon#ṛ́. [ˈsʷtˤɛːkʼ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ] sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɛːkʼ love ˈqɔ̃rˤ 3 stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈqɔ̃rˤ 3 “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Sahtios hates Cahtsozaht."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɑ ˈ sˤ+kʼ æ t">ɑˈsˤkʼæt</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sahtios" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɕ+tʰ i ʔ o ˈ sʷ">ɕtʰiʔoˈsʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Cahtsozaht" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ#ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ">t͡ɕᵊt͡sʷɔ#ːˈʑtʼˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Sahtios hates Cahtsozaht.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɑ ˈ sˤ+kʼ æ t">ɑˈsˤkʼæt</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Sahtios" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɕ+tʰ i ʔ o ˈ sʷ">ɕtʰiʔoˈsʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="Cahtsozaht" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ#ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ">t͡ɕᵊt͡sʷɔ#ːˈʑtʼˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="Cahtsozaht" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ##ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ" underlying="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ#ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ">t͡ɕᵊt͡sʷɔ##ːˈʑtʼˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Sahtios hates Cahtsozaht."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɑ ˈ sˤ+kʼ æ t">ɑˈsˤkʼæt</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Sahtios" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɕ+tʰ i ʔ o ˈ sʷ">ɕtʰiʔoˈsʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Cahtsozaht" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ##ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ" underlying="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ#ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ">t͡ɕᵊt͡sʷɔ##ːˈʑtʼˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">ɑˈsˤkʼæt</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sahtios" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">ɕtʰiʔoˈsʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Cahtsozaht" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" underlying="t͡ɕ ᵊ t͡sʷ ɔ#ː ˈ ʑ+tʼˤ">t͡ɕᵊt͡sʷɔ##ːˈʑtʼˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɑsˤkʼæt</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕtʰiˈʔosʷ</span><br><span class="gls">Sahtios</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕᵊˈt͡sʷɔ̃ːʑtʼˤ</span><br><span class="gls">Cahtsozaht</span></span></p> + <p>ˈsʷtˤɑsˤkʼæt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ɕtʰiˈʔosʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ t͡ɕᵊˈt͡sʷɔ̃̃ːʑtʼˤ</p> + <p>swṭaṣgkät rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕthi’ósw sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ Tytzwon#ːʑdṭ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɑsˤkʼæt</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕtʰiˈʔosʷ</o> + <g>Sahtios</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕᵊˈt͡sʷɔ̃ːʑtʼˤ</o> + <g>Cahtsozaht</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swṭaṣgkät rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕthi’ósw sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ Tytzwon#ːʑdṭ. [ˈsʷtˤɑsˤkʼæt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ɕtʰiˈʔosʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ t͡ɕᵊˈt͡sʷɔ̃̃ːʑtʼˤ] sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɑsˤkʼæt hate ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ɕtʰiˈʔosʷ Sahtios stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the t͡ɕᵊˈt͡sʷɔ̃ːʑtʼˤ Cahtsozaht “Sahtios hates Cahtsozaht.” | (3) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤisˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈdˤisˤqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍiṣqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ʑḍershṭätx qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdˤisˤqʷ</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍiṣqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ʑḍershṭätx qḥent [ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈdˤisˤqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈdˤisˤqʷ boy ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ apple ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “the boy’s apple” | (4) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈqɔ̃rˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>qon#ṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ʑḍershṭätx qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈqɔ̃rˤ</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
qon#ṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ʑḍershṭätx qḥent [ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ˈqɔ̃rˤ 3 ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ apple ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “his (the boy’s) apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.POSS" ph="ht i ɬ">htiɬ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.POSS" ph="ht i ɬ">htiɬ</thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.POSS" ph="ht i ɬ">htiɬ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl" case="STA">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.POSS">htiɬ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">htiɬ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ htiɬ</p> + <p>rshṭæn#ːdḍ ʑḍershṭätx htihl</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>htiɬ</o> + <g>1excl.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rshṭæn#ːdḍ ʑḍershṭätx htihl [ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ htiɬ] ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ apple htiɬ 1excl.POSS “my apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="ACT">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="ACT">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="ACT" role="subj" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="ACT" role="subj" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æ# ˈ q æ kʼʷ">æ#ˈqækʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ɕ+hkʷ iː ˈ ʈ">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="s+tʼ ɑ pʼ o̰ ˈ ɕ+qʷ">stʼɑpʼo̰ˈɕqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS" ph="sˤ+kʼ e ʑ+kʼʷ">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ oː ˈ r̥ˤ">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æ# ˈ q æ kʼʷ">æ#ˈqækʼʷ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æ## ˈ q æ# kʼʷ" underlying="æ# ˈ q æ kʼʷ">æ##ˈqæ#kʼʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ɕ+hkʷ iː ˈ ʈ">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="s+tʼ ɑ pʼ o̰ ˈ ɕ+qʷ">stʼɑpʼo̰ˈɕqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS" ph="sˤ+kʼ e ʑ+kʼʷ">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ oː ˈ r̥ˤ">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æ## ˈ q æ# kʼʷ" underlying="æ# ˈ q æ kʼʷ">æ##ˈqæ#kʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" ph="ɕ+hkʷ iː ˈ ʈ">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="s+tʼ ɑ pʼ o̰ ˈ ɕ+qʷ">stʼɑpʼo̰ˈɕqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS" ph="sˤ+kʼ e ʑ+kʼʷ">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ oː ˈ r̥ˤ">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" underlying="æ# ˈ q æ kʼʷ">æ##ˈqæ#kʼʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="ACT">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">stʼɑpʼo̰ˈɕqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈæ̃qækʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕhkʷiːʈ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼɑˈpʼo̰ɕqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤæ̃̃qæ̃kʼʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕhkʷiːʈ ᵏǃʰˤẽt stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ stʼɑˈpʼo̰ɕqʷ sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭän#qängqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕhkwiirt qḥent sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ sdtabpó’ɕqw ṣgkeʑgqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕʈʼóór̥̣ qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈæ̃qækʼʷ</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕhkʷiːʈ</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼɑˈpʼo̰ɕqʷ</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</o> + <g>2.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭän#qängqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕhkwiirt qḥent sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ sdtabpó’ɕqw ṣgkeʑgqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕʈʼóór̥̣ qḥent. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤæ̃̃qæ̃kʼʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕhkʷiːʈ ᵏǃʰˤẽt stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ stʼɑˈpʼo̰ɕqʷ sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈæ̃qækʼʷ kiss ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ hunter ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈɕhkʷiːʈ daughter ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the stʼɑˈpʼo̰ɕqʷ neighbour sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ 2.POSS ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ son ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (7) |
Derivation
Klag has no derivational processes.
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ#ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu#ˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ#ːˈn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu#ˈʃ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ##ː ˈ n" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu##ˈʃ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ##ː ˈ n" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu##ˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu##ˈʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũʃ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũ̃ʃ</p> + <p>rshkwan#ːn ʑdṣʈʼun#sh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũʃ</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rshkwan#ːn ʑdṣʈʼun#sh [ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũ̃ʃ] ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn a ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũʃ lamb “a lamb” | (8) |
Note how none show up here:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3">
+ <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np role="obj" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA">
+ <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="i# ˈ ʑ+q">i#ˈʑq</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="ɛ ˈ ɕ+ʈ">ɛˈɕʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔ ˈ ɗ">ɕtˤɔˈɗ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ#ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu#ˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="i# ˈ ʑ+q">i#ˈʑq</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="i## ˈ ʑ+q" underlying="i# ˈ ʑ+q">i##ˈʑq</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ#ˈrˤ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="ɛ ˈ ɕ+ʈ">ɛˈɕʈ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔ ˈ ɗ">ɕtˤɔˈɗ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ#ːˈn</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu#ˈʃ</word>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ##ː ˈ n" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu##ˈʃ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="i## ˈ ʑ+q" underlying="i# ˈ ʑ+q">i##ˈʑq</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="q ɔ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="ɛ ˈ ɕ+ʈ">ɛˈɕʈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔ ˈ ɗ">ɕtˤɔˈɗ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ##ː ˈ n" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" ph="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu##ˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" underlying="i# ˈ ʑ+q">i##ˈʑq</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="q ɔ# ˈ rˤ">qɔ##ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">ɛˈɕʈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="little" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">ɕtˤɔˈɗ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3" case="STA" tr="rheme" underlying="ʑ+d ᵊ sˤ+ʈʼ u# ˈ ʃ">ʑdᵊsˤʈʼu##ˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩʑq</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈqɔ̃rˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɛɕʈ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕtˤɔɗ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũʃ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤĩ̃ʑq ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤɛɕʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕtˤɔɗ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũ̃ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭin#ʑq qon#ṛ́ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭæɕrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕṭodd rshkwan#ːn ʑdṣʈʼun#sh qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩʑq</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈqɔ̃rˤ</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɛɕʈ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕtˤɔɗ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũʃ</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭin#ʑq qon#ṛ́ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭæɕrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕṭodd rshkwan#ːn ʑdṣʈʼun#sh qḥent. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤĩ̃ʑq ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤɛɕʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕtˤɔɗ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũ̃ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈĩʑq want ˈqɔ̃rˤ 3 ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɛɕʈ have ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈɕtˤɔɗ little ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn a ʑdᵊˈsˤʈʼũʃ lamb ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (9) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Klag fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing comp, comprising ɕquhóóswk /ɕkʰʷoːsʷk/ ‘COMP’; second, a clitic expressing negation, comprising dṭuh /tʼˤuh/ ‘NEG’; third, a clitic expressing ta, comprising ɕä’swtw /ɕæ̰sʷtʷ/ ‘PAST’; fourth, a clitic expressing mode, comprising shthuur̥ /ʃtʰuːr̥/ ‘imperative’, sw’óng /sʷʔoŋ/ ‘conditional’ and nwi’gk /nʷḭkʼ/ ‘optative’; and finally, fifth, a clitic expressing voice, comprising nhwóʑt /n̥ʷoʑt/ ‘passive’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: an obligatory prefix expressing question, comprising squh- /skʰʷ-/ ‘Q’ and swṭ- /sʷtˤ-/ ‘not.Q’ followed by the root.
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʰ ɔ ˈ b">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʰ ɔ ˈ b">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʰ ɔ ˈ b">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">ɛːˈkʼ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɛːkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʰɔb</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span></p> + <p>ˈsʷtˤɛːkʼ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈᵏǁʰɔb</p> + <p>swṭæægk zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ xhob</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɛːkʼ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʰɔb</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swṭæægk zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ xhob. [ˈsʷtˤɛːkʼ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈᵏǁʰɔb] sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɛːkʼ love ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈᵏǁʰɔb 2 “I love you.” | (10) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def">
+ <np def="def" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
<np def="def" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="r̥ æː ˈ ʑ+qʷ">r̥æːˈʑqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="sˤ+tʰʷ æ# ˈ rˤ">sˤtʰʷæ#ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ æ̰ rʷ">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ɬ æ ˈ ɾˤ">ɬæˈɾˤ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="r̥ æː ˈ ʑ+qʷ">r̥æːˈʑqʷ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="sˤ+tʰʷ æ# ˈ rˤ">sˤtʰʷæ#ˈrˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="sˤ+tʰʷ æ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="sˤ+tʰʷ æ# ˈ rˤ">sˤtʰʷæ##ˈrˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ æ̰ rʷ">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ɬ æ ˈ ɾˤ">ɬæˈɾˤ</word> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="r̥ æː ˈ ʑ+qʷ">r̥æːˈʑqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="sˤ+tʰʷ æ## ˈ rˤ" underlying="sˤ+tʰʷ æ# ˈ rˤ">sˤtʰʷæ##ˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ æ̰ rʷ">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ɬ æ ˈ ɾˤ">ɬæˈɾˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC">r̥æːˈʑqʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" underlying="sˤ+tʰʷ æ# ˈ rˤ">sˤtʰʷæ##ˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ɬæˈɾˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈr̥æːʑqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃rˤ</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɬæɾˤ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈr̥æːʑqʷ ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃̃rˤ ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ˈɬæɾˤ</p> + <p>rshṭæn#ːdḍ r̥ääʑqw ṣthwän#ṛ́ ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw hläṛ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈr̥æːʑqʷ</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃rˤ</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɬæɾˤ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rshṭæn#ːdḍ r̥ääʑqw ṣthwän#ṛ́ ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw hläṛ [ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈr̥æːʑqʷ ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃̃rˤ ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ˈɬæɾˤ] ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈr̥æːʑqʷ table ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃rˤ surface ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ LOC ˈɬæɾˤ in “on the table” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def">
+ <np def="def" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
<np def="def" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
- <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="tˤ i#ː ɕ+k i ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ">tˤi#ːɕkiˈʑtʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="htʷ i ˈ">htʷiˈ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n ɔ# ˈ nʷ">nɔ#ˈnʷ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="tˤ i#ː ɕ+k i ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ">tˤi#ːɕkiˈʑtʼʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="tˤ i##ː ɕ+k i# ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ" underlying="tˤ i#ː ɕ+k i ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ">tˤi##ːɕki#ˈʑtʼʷ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="htʷ i ˈ">htʷiˈ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n ɔ# ˈ nʷ">nɔ#ˈnʷ</word> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n ɔ## ˈ nʷ" underlying="n ɔ# ˈ nʷ">nɔ##ˈnʷ</word> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="tˤ i##ː ɕ+k i# ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ" underlying="tˤ i#ː ɕ+k i ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ">tˤi##ːɕki#ˈʑtʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" ph="htʷ i ˈ">htʷiˈ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n ɔ## ˈ nʷ" underlying="n ɔ# ˈ nʷ">nɔ##ˈnʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT" underlying="tˤ i#ː ɕ+k i ˈ ʑ+tʼʷ">tˤi##ːɕki#ˈʑtʼʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" possessor="no.owner" case="DAT">htʷiˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" underlying="n ɔ# ˈ nʷ">nɔ##ˈnʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤĩːˈɕkiʑtʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhtʷi</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnɔ̃nʷ</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ tˤĩ̃ːˈɕkĩʑtʼʷ ˈhtʷi ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ ˈnɔ̃̃nʷ</p> + <p>rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṭin#ːɕkinʑdtw htwi qhwe’sʈʼ non#nw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤĩːˈɕkiʑtʼʷ</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhtʷi</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnɔ̃nʷ</o> + <g>to</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṭin#ːɕkinʑdtw htwi qhwe’sʈʼ non#nw [ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ tˤĩ̃ːˈɕkĩʑtʼʷ ˈhtʷi ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ ˈnɔ̃̃nʷ] ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the tˤĩːˈɕkiʑtʼʷ box ˈhtʷi inside ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ DAT ˈnɔ̃nʷ to “into the box” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ æ̰ rʷ">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ᵏǀʼ u ɕ+htˤ i ˈ ɕ+qʼ">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ æ̰ rʷ">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ᵏǀʼ u ɕ+htˤ i ˈ ɕ+qʼ">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ æ̰ rʷ">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ᵏǀʼ u ɕ+htˤ i ˈ ɕ+qʼ">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">ᵏǀʼuɕhtˤiˈɕqʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ</p> + <p>zwon#ːxx ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw ᵏǀʼuɕhṭiɕgq</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
zwon#ːxx ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw ᵏǀʼuɕhṭiɕgq [ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ] ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ LOC ᵏǀʼuˈɕhtˤiɕqʼ COMIT “with me” | (13) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
The basic constituent order of Klag is Verb–Subject–Object (VSO). Clauses begin with the verb, followed by the subject, with the object in final position. This pattern is attested among various verb-initial languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Klag.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u# ˈ ʃ">u#ˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe#ɬɑˈʃtʼˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u# ˈ ʃ">u#ˈʃ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="u# ˈ ʃ">u##ˈʃ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe#ɬɑˈʃtʼˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰ e## ɬ ɑ# ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ" underlying="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe##ɬɑ#ˈʃtʼˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="u# ˈ ʃ">u##ˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰ e## ɬ ɑ# ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ" underlying="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe##ɬɑ#ˈʃtʼˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" underlying="u# ˈ ʃ">u##ˈʃ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe##ɬɑ#ˈʃtʼˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũʃ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰẽˈɬɑʃtʼˤ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤũ̃ʃ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǀʰẽ̃ˈɬɑ̃ʃtʼˤ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭun#sh rshṭæn#ːdḍ chen#hlanshdṭ sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũʃ</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰẽˈɬɑʃtʼˤ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭun#sh rshṭæn#ːdḍ chen#hlanshdṭ sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤũ̃ʃ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǀʰẽ̃ˈɬɑ̃ʃtʼˤ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈũʃ kill ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ᵏǀʰẽˈɬɑʃtʼˤ jaguar stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ hunter “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ḛ hʈ ɑː ˈ t͡sʷ">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ɕ+hkʷ iː ˈ ʈ">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="hkʷ ɛ̰ ˈ nˤ">hkʷɛ̰ˈnˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ḛ hʈ ɑː ˈ t͡sʷ">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ɕ+hkʷ iː ˈ ʈ">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="hkʷ ɛ̰ ˈ nˤ">hkʷɛ̰ˈnˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ḛ hʈ ɑː ˈ t͡sʷ">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ɕ+hkʷ iː ˈ ʈ">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="hkʷ ɛ̰ ˈ nˤ">hkʷɛ̰ˈnˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">æːˈp</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">ɕhkʷiːˈʈ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">hkʷɛ̰ˈnˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈæːp</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕhkʷiːʈ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhkʷɛ̰nˤ</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤæːp ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕhkʷiːʈ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈhkʷɛ̰nˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭääp rshṭæn#ːdḍ xxe’hʈaatzw sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕhkwiirt qḥent rshṭæn#ːdḍ hkwæ’ṇ qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈæːp</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕhkʷiːʈ</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhkʷɛ̰nˤ</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭääp rshṭæn#ːdḍ xxe’hʈaatzw sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕhkwiirt qḥent rshṭæn#ːdḍ hkwæ’ṇ qḥent. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤæːp ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕhkʷiːʈ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈhkʷɛ̰nˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈæːp eat ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ lion stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ hunter ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈɕhkʷiːʈ daughter ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈhkʷɛ̰nˤ dog ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (15) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Klag reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Klag expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" case="STA"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ oː ˈ r̥ˤ">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS" ph="sˤ+kʼ e ʑ+kʼʷ">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʈʰ æ̰ ˈ tʼʷ">ʈʰæ̰ˈtʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="s iː b ɛː r">siːbɛːr</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ oː ˈ r̥ˤ">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS" ph="sˤ+kʼ e ʑ+kʼʷ">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʈʰ æ̰ ˈ tʼʷ">ʈʰæ̰ˈtʼʷ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="s iː b ɛː r">siːbɛːr</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ oː ˈ r̥ˤ">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS" ph="sˤ+kʼ e ʑ+kʼʷ">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" ph="ʈʰ æ̰ ˈ tʼʷ">ʈʰæ̰ˈtʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" ph="s iː b ɛː r">siːbɛːr</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS" ph="ᵏǃʰˤ e# t">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2">ɕʈʼoːˈr̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.POSS">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3">ʈʰæ̰ˈtʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3" case="STA">siːbɛːr</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.POSS">ᵏǃʰˤe#t</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">2.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈʰæ̰tʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siːbɛːr</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰˤẽt</span><br><span class="gls">3.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈʈʰæ̰tʼʷ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ siːbɛːr ᵏǃʰˤẽt</p> + <p>rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕʈʼóór̥̣ ṣgkeʑgqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ rthä’dtw qḥent rshṭæn#ːdḍ siibææŕ qḥent</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ</o> + <g>2.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʈʰæ̰tʼʷ</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siːbɛːr</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰˤẽt</o> + <g>3.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕʈʼóór̥̣ ṣgkeʑgqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ rthä’dtw qḥent rshṭæn#ːdḍ siibææŕ qḥent [ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈʈʰæ̰tʼʷ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ siːbɛːr ᵏǃʰˤẽt] ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈɕʈʼoːr̥ˤ son sˤkʼeʑkʼʷ 2.POSS ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈʈʰæ̰tʼʷ friend ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the siːbɛːr book ᵏǃʰˤẽt 3.POSS “your son’s friend’s book” | (16) |
Case Marking
Klag uses active case marking. Intransitive subjects are divided according to how they participate in the event. More agent-like subjects, such as the subject of ‘run’ or ‘shout’, pattern with transitive subjects and take the active or agentive case. Less agent-like subjects, such as the subject of ‘sleep’ or ‘be ill’, pattern with transitive objects and take the patientive or absolutive case. This system makes sense where the grammar treats control, volition or affectedness as more important than the simple distinction between subject and object.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="iː ˈ xʷ">iːˈxʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="iː ˈ xʷ">iːˈxʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="iː ˈ xʷ">iːˈxʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">iːˈxʷ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiːxʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>ˈsʷtˤiːxʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ</p> + <p>swṭiikhw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiːxʷ</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swṭiikhw rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt. [ˈsʷtˤiːxʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ] sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈiːxʷ sleep ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat “The cat is sleeping.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="iː ˈ r">iːˈr</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="iː ˈ r">iːˈr</word>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="iː ˈ r">iːˈr</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">iːˈr</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiːr</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈsʷtˤiːr ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ stʼʷeʈʼ</p> + <p>swṭiiŕ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt sdtweʈʼ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiːr</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swṭiiŕ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt sdtweʈʼ. [ˈsʷtˤiːr ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ stʼʷeʈʼ] sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈiːr run ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat stʼʷeʈʼ ACT “The cat is running.” | (18) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɔ#ː ˈ r æ ɕ+q">ɔ#ːˈræɕq</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɔ#ː ˈ r æ ɕ+q">ɔ#ːˈræɕq</word>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɔ##ː ˈ r æ# ɕ+q" underlying="ɔ#ː ˈ r æ ɕ+q">ɔ##ːˈræ#ɕq</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɔ##ː ˈ r æ# ɕ+q" underlying="ɔ#ː ˈ r æ ɕ+q">ɔ##ːˈræ#ɕq</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" underlying="ɔ#ː ˈ r æ ɕ+q">ɔ##ːˈræ#ɕq</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔ̃ːræɕq</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p> + <p>ˈsʷtˤɔ̃̃ːræ̃ɕq ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</p> + <p>swṭon#ːŕänɕq rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɔ̃ːræɕq</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swṭon#ːŕänɕq rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́. [ˈsʷtˤɔ̃̃ːræ̃ɕq ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ] sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɔ̃ːræɕq chase ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ mouse “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːsˤʈ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭuuṣrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuːsˤʈ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭuuṣrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈuːsˤʈ catch ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ mouse “The cat caught the mouse.” | (20) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u# ˈ ʃ">u#ˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe#ɬɑˈʃtʼˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔː ˈ nˤ">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="dˤ uː htˤ i ˈ t͡ʃ">dˤuːhtˤiˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔː ˈ nˤ">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="x ḛ hʈ ɑː ˈ t͡sʷ">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u# ˈ ʃ">u#ˈʃ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="u# ˈ ʃ">u##ˈʃ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁoʃkʰu#ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe#ɬɑˈʃtʼˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ᵏǀʰ e## ɬ ɑ# ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ" underlying="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe##ɬɑ#ˈʃtʼˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔː ˈ nˤ">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="dˤ uː htˤ i ˈ t͡ʃ">dˤuːhtˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔː ˈ nˤ">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="x ḛ hʈ ɑː ˈ t͡sʷ">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="u## ˈ ʃ" underlying="u# ˈ ʃ">u##ˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁ o# ʃ+kʰ u##ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ᵏǀʰ e## ɬ ɑ# ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ" underlying="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe##ɬɑ#ˈʃtʼˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔː ˈ nˤ">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="dˤ uː htˤ i ˈ t͡ʃ">dˤuːhtˤiˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɕ+tˤ ɔː ˈ nˤ">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="x ḛ hʈ ɑː ˈ t͡sʷ">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" underlying="u# ˈ ʃ">u##ˈʃ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁ o ʃ+kʰ u#ː ˈ sˤ+qʷ">ᵏǁo#ʃkʰu##ːˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" underlying="ᵏǀʰ e# ɬ ɑ ˈ ʃ+tʼˤ">ᵏǀʰe##ɬɑ#ˈʃtʼˤ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">dˤuːhtˤiˈt͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɕtˤɔːˈnˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">xḛhʈɑːˈt͡sʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũʃ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰẽˈɬɑʃtʼˤ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤuːˈhtˤit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤũ̃ʃ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǀʰẽ̃ˈɬɑ̃ʃtʼˤ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ dˤuːˈhtˤit͡ʃ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭun#sh rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ chen#hlanshdṭ ɕṭooṇ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍuuhṭitx ɕṭooṇ rshṭæn#ːdḍ xxe’hʈaatzw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũʃ</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰẽˈɬɑʃtʼˤ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤuːˈhtˤit͡ʃ</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭun#sh rshṭæn#ːdḍ xónshkhun#ːṣqw sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ chen#hlanshdṭ ɕṭooṇ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍuuhṭitx ɕṭooṇ rshṭæn#ːdḍ xxe’hʈaatzw. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤũ̃ʃ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǁõˈʃkʰũ̃ːsˤqʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ᵏǀʰẽ̃ˈɬɑ̃ʃtʼˤ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ dˤuːˈhtˤit͡ʃ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈũʃ kill ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ᵏǁoˈʃkʰũːsˤqʷ hunter stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ᵏǀʰẽˈɬɑʃtʼˤ jaguar ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ and ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the dˤuːˈhtˤit͡ʃ tiger ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ and ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the xḛˈhʈɑːt͡sʷ lion “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (21) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Klag provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Klag forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔʂhterʷ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɔʂhterʷ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɔʂhterʷ pat ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat “I patted the cat.” | (22) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔʂhterʷ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːsˤʈ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭuuṣrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɔʂhterʷ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuːsˤʈ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭuuṣrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɔʂhterʷ pat ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈuːsˤʈ catch ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ mouse ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (23) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ŋ e ɬ ɛ ˈ ʂ+tʼˤ">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ŋ e ɬ ɛ ˈ ʂ+tʼˤ">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ŋ e ɬ ɛ ˈ ʂ+tʼˤ">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3">æːˈp</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔʂhterʷ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːsˤʈ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈæːp</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤæːp ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭuuṣrt ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭääp rshṭæn#ːdḍ ngehlærsdṭ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɔʂhterʷ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuːsˤʈ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈæːp</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭuuṣrt ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭääp rshṭæn#ːdḍ ngehlærsdṭ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤæːp ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɔʂhterʷ pat ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈuːsˤʈ catch ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈæːp eat ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ cheese ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ mouse ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (24) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> - <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" ph="æ# ˈ p">æ#ˈp</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ŋ e ɬ ɛ ˈ ʂ+tʼˤ">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" ph="æ# ˈ p">æ#ˈp</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" ph="æ## ˈ p" underlying="æ# ˈ p">æ##ˈp</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ŋ e ɬ ɛ ˈ ʂ+tʼˤ">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ#ːˈtʼ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl" ph="ɔ ˈ ʂ+ht e rʷ">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl" ph="uː ˈ sˤ+ʈ">uːˈsˤʈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl" ph="æː ˈ p">æːˈp</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" ph="æ## ˈ p" underlying="æ# ˈ p">æ##ˈp</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ŋ e ɬ ɛ ˈ ʂ+tʼˤ">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="kʰ æ̰ n̥ˤ i ˈ rˤ">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" ph="ᵏǁʼ ɑ##ː ˈ tʼ" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">ɔˈʂhterʷ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">uːˈsˤʈ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="1excl">æːˈp</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" underlying="æ# ˈ p">æ##ˈp</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">ŋeɬɛˈʂtʼˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl">kʰæ̰n̥ˤiˈrˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" person="1excl" underlying="ᵏǁʼ ɑ#ː ˈ tʼ">ᵏǁʼɑ##ːˈtʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔʂhterʷ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːsˤʈ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈæːp</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈæ̃p</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤæːp ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤæ̃̃p ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭuuṣrt ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭääp ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭän#p zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ngehlærsdṭ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɔʂhterʷ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuːsˤʈ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈæːp</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈæ̃p</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭorshteŕw zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭuuṣrt ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭääp ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭän#p zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ngehlærsdṭ rshṭæn#ːdḍ khä’nḥiṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǁʼan#ːdt. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔʂhterʷ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤuːsˤʈ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤæːp ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤæ̃̃p ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃̃ːtʼ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɔʂhterʷ pat ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈuːsˤʈ catch ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈæːp eat ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈæ̃p buy ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ŋeˈɬɛʂtʼˤ cheese ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the kʰæ̰ˈn̥ˤirˤ mouse ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈᵏǁʼɑ̃ːtʼ cat “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (25) |
Complementation Strategies
Klag marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ACT">
+ <np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="ɑ ˈ ᶑ u# kʷ">ɑˈᶑu#kʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3" ph="u ˈ r̥ˤ">uˈr̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ#ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ æ ˈ q">sˤæˈq</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɠ iː t ɛː r">ɠiːtɛːr</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="ɑ ˈ ᶑ u# kʷ">ɑˈᶑu#kʷ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="ɑ# ˈ ᶑ u## kʷ" underlying="ɑ ˈ ᶑ u# kʷ">ɑ#ˈᶑu##kʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3" ph="u ˈ r̥ˤ">uˈr̥ˤ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ#ːˈn</word>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ##ː ˈ n" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ æ ˈ q">sˤæˈq</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɠ iː t ɛː r">ɠiːtɛːr</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="ɑ# ˈ ᶑ u## kʷ" underlying="ɑ ˈ ᶑ u# kʷ">ɑ#ˈᶑu##kʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3" ph="u ˈ r̥ˤ">uˈr̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ##ː ˈ n" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+dˤ e ʂ+htˤ æ ˈ t͡ʃ">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ æ ˈ q">sˤæˈq</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɠ iː t ɛː r">ɠiːtɛːr</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" underlying="ɑ ˈ ᶑ u# kʷ">ɑ#ˈᶑu##kʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3" obj="3" indobj="3">uˈr̥ˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+hkʷ ɑ#ː ˈ n">ʂhkʷɑ##ːˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">ʑdˤeʂhtˤæˈt͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">sˤæˈq</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">ɠiːtɛːr</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɑᶑũkʷ</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈur̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤisˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤæq</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɠiːtɛːr</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɑ̃ᶑũ̃kʷ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤur̥ˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈdˤisˤqʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsˤæq ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ɠiːtɛːr ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭanrddun#qu ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭur̥̣ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍiṣqw sdtweʈʼ rshkwan#ːn ʑḍershṭätx rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṣäq qhwe’sʈʼ sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ggiitææŕ qhwe’sʈʼ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɑᶑũkʷ</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈur̥ˤ</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdˤisˤqʷ</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsˤæq</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɠiːtɛːr</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭanrddun#qu ɕä’swtw ɕquhóóswk swṭur̥̣ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍiṣqw sdtweʈʼ rshkwan#ːn ʑḍershṭätx rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṣäq qhwe’sʈʼ sdtweʈʼ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ggiitææŕ qhwe’sʈʼ. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɑ̃ᶑũ̃kʷ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤur̥ˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈdˤisˤqʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsˤæq ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ stʼʷeʈʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ɠiːtɛːr ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɑᶑũkʷ surprise ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈur̥ˤ give ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈdˤisˤqʷ boy stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn a ʑdˤeˈʂhtˤæt͡ʃ apple ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈsˤæq girl ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ DAT stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ɠiːtɛːr teacher ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ DAT “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (26) |
Quotes
Klag employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3" ph="u ˈ r̥">uˈr̥</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʰ ɔ ˈ b">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ æ ˈ q">sˤæˈq</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3" ph="u ˈ r̥">uˈr̥</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ#ːˈx</word>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy>
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʰ ɔ ˈ b">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ#ːˈɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ æ ˈ q">sˤæˈq</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɕ æ̰ sʷ+tʷ">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3" ph="u ˈ r̥">uˈr̥</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ i ˈ sˤ+qʷ">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ɕ+kʰʷ oː sʷ+k">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="sʷ+tˤ">sʷtˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="ɛː ˈ kʼ">ɛːˈkʼ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ɔ##ː ˈ x" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="s+tʼʷ e ʈʼ">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǁʰ ɔ ˈ b">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+htˤ ɛ##ː ˈ ɗˤ" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ æ ˈ q">sˤæˈq</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǃʰʷ ḛ s+ʈʼ">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="1excl" indobj="3">uˈr̥</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner">dˤiˈsˤqʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">sʷtˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1excl" obj="2">ɛːˈkʼ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="θʷ ɔ#ː ˈ x">θʷɔ##ːˈx</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">stʼʷeʈʼ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" possessor="no.owner">ᵏǁʰɔˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʂ+htˤ ɛ#ː ˈ ɗˤ">ʂhtˤɛ##ːˈɗˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">sˤæˈq</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈur̥</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤisˤqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷtˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɛːkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼʷeʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǁʰɔb</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤæq</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤur̥ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈdˤisˤqʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤɛːkʼ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈᵏǁʰɔb ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsˤæq ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</p> + <p>ɕä’swtw swṭur̥ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍiṣqw sdtweʈʼ ɕquhóóswk swṭæægk zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ xhob rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṣäq qhwe’sʈʼ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕæ̰sʷtʷ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈur̥</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdˤisˤqʷ</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkʰʷoːsʷk</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷtˤ-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɛːkʼ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθʷɔ̃ːx</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼʷeʈʼ</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǁʰɔb</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsˤæq</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ɕä’swtw swṭur̥ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ḍiṣqw sdtweʈʼ ɕquhóóswk swṭæægk zwon#ːxx sdtweʈʼ xhob rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṣäq qhwe’sʈʼ. [ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤur̥ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈdˤisˤqʷ stʼʷeʈʼ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤɛːkʼ ˈθʷɔ̃̃ːx stʼʷeʈʼ ˈᵏǁʰɔb ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsˤæq ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ] ɕæ̰sʷtʷ PAST sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈur̥ tell ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈdˤisˤqʷ boy stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ɕkʰʷoːsʷk COMP sʷtˤ- not.Q ˈɛːkʼ love ˈθʷɔ̃ːx 1excl stʼʷeʈʼ ACT ˈᵏǁʰɔb 2 ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ the ˈsˤæq girl ᵏǃʰʷḛsʈʼ DAT “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (27) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Klag. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 16 August 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/24TS1
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-24TS1,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Klag}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/24TS1}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 16 August 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Klag / Klag–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
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https://languagecreator.org/grammar/24TS1
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